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• Contents
• Preface
• Periodic Table
• Information Tables
• Chapter 1. Systems, States, and Processes
• 1.1 Scientific Inquiry
• 1.2 Systems and States
• 1.3 Units of Measurements. SI Units
• 1.4 State Functions
• 1.5 The Relationship between Macrostates and Microstates
• 1.6 Processes
• Problems
• Chapter 2. The Equilibrium Macroscopic States of Gases and Liquids
• 2.1 Mathematical Functions and the Equilibrium Macroscopic State of a Simple System
• 2.2 Real Liquids and Solids
• 2.3 Real Gases
• 2.4 The Coexistence of Phases and the Critical Point
• Problems
• Ch$Chapter 3. Work, Heat, and Energy: The First Law of Thermodynamics
• 3.1 Work and the State of a System
• 3.2 Heat
• 3.3 Internal Energy. The First Law of Thermodynamics
• 3.4 Calculation of Amounts of Heat and Energy Changes
• 3.5 Enthalpy„A Convenience Variable
• 3.6 Calculation of Enthalpy Changes for Non-Chemical Processes
• 3.7 Calculation of Enthalpy Changes for a Class of Chemical Reactions
• 3.8 Energy Changes of Chemical Reactions
• Problems
• Chapter 4. The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics: Entropy
• 4.1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Carnot Heat Engine
• 4.2 The Mathematical Statement of the Second Law. Entropy
• 4.3 The Calculation of Entropy Changes
• 4.4 Statistical Entropy
• 4.5 The Third Law of Thermodynamics and Absolute Entropies
• Problems
• Chapter 5. The Thermodynamics of Real Systems
• 5.1 Criteria for Spontaneous Processes and for Equilibrium. The Gibbs and Helmholtz Energies
• 5.2 Fundamental Relations for Closed Simple Systems
• 5.3 Gibbs Energy Calculations
• 5.4 The Description of Multicomponent and Open Systems
• 5.5 Additional Useful Thermodynamic Identities
• 5.6 Euler’s Theorem and the Gibbs–Duhem Relation
• Problems
• Chapter 6. Phase Equilibrium
• 6.1 The Fundamental Fact of Phase Equilibrium
• 6.2 The Gibbs Phase Rule
• 6.3 Phase Equilibrium in a One-Component System
• 6.4 The Gibbs Energy and Phase Transitions
• 6.5 Surface Structure and Thermodynamics
• 6.6 Surfaces in Multicomponent Systems
• Problems
• Chapter 7. Multicomponent Systems
• 7.1 Ideal Solutions
• 7.2 Henry’s Law and Dilute Nonelectrolyte Solutions
• 7.3 The Activity and the Description of General Systems
• 7.4 Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions
• 7.5 Phase Diagrams for Nonideal Mixtures
• 7.6 Colligative Properties
• Problems
• Chapter 8. The Thermodynamics of Chemical Equilibrium
• 8.1 Gibbs Energy Changes and Equilibria of Chemical Reactions. The Equilibrium Constant
• 8.2 Reactions Involving Gases and Pure Substances
• 8.3 Chemical Equilibrium in Solution
• 8.4 Equilibria in Solutions of Strong Electrolytes
• 8.5 Acid–Base Equilibrium Calculations
• 8.6 Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Constants. The Principle of Le Châtelier
• 8.7 Chemical Reactions and Biological Systems
• Problems
• Chapter 9. The Thermodynamics of Electrical Systems
• 9.1 The Chemical Potential and the Electric Potential
• 9.2 Electrochemical Cells at Equilibrium
• 9.3 Half-Cell Potentials and Cell Potentials
• 9.4 The Determination of Activity Coefficients of Electrolytes
• 9.5 Thermodynamic Information from Electrochemistry
• Problems
• Chapter 10. Gas Kinetic Theory. The Molecular Theory of Dilute Gases at Equilibrium
• 10.1 The Model System for a Dilute Gas
• 10.2 The Velocity Probability Distribution
• 10.3 The Distribution of Molecular Speeds
• 10.4 The Pressure of an Ideal Gas
• 10.5 Wall Collisions and Effusion
• 10.6 The Model System with Potential Energy
• 10.7 The Hard-Sphere Gas
• 10.8 The Molecular Structure of Liquids
• Problems
• Chapter 11. Transport Processes
• 11.1 The Macroscopic Description of Nonequilibrium States
• 11.2 Transport Processes
• 11.3 Transport Processes in the Hard-Sphere Gas
• 11.4 The Structure of Liquids and Transport Processes in Liquids
• 11.5 Transport in Electrolyte Solutions
• Problems
• Chapter 12. The Rates of Chemical Reactions
• 12.1 The Macroscopic Description of Chemically Reacting Systems
• 12.2 Forward Reactions with one Reactant
• 12.3 Forward Reactions with More Than One Reactant
• 12.4 Inclusion of a Reverse Reaction. Chemical Equilibrium
• 12.5 Consecutive Reactions and Competing Reactions
• 12.6 The Experimental Study of Fast Reactions
• Problems
• Chapter 13. Chemical Reaction Mechanisms
• 13.1 Reaction Mechanisms and Elementary Processes in Gases
• 13.2 Elementary Reactions in Liquid Solutions
• 13.3 The Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants. The Collision Theory of Bimolecular Gaseous React
• 13.4 Reaction Mechanisms and Rate Laws
• 13.5 Some Additional Mechanisms, Including Chain and Photochemical Mechanisms. Competing Mechanisms
• 13.6 Catalysis
• 13.7 Experimental Molecular Study of Chemical Reactions
• Problems
• Chapter 14. The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. I. Classical Waves and the Schrödinger Equation
• 14.1 Classical Mechanics
• 14.2 Classical Waves
• 14.3 The Old Quantum Theory
• 14.4 De Broglie Waves and the Schrödinger Equation
• 14.5 The Particle in a Box. The Free Particle
• 14.6 The Harmonic Oscillator
• Problems
• Chapter 15. The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. II. The Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
• 15.1 The First Two Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
• 15.2 Mathematical Operators
• 15.3 Postulate 3. Mathematical Operators Corresponding to Mechanical Variables in Quantum Mechanics
• 15.4 Postulate 4. Expectation Values
• 15.5 Postulate 5. The Determination of the State of a System
• Problems
• Chapter 16. The Electronic States of Atoms. I. The Hydrogen Atom and the Simple Orbital Approximatio
• 16.1 The Hydrogen Atom and the Central Force System. Angular Momentum
• 16.2 The Wave Functions of the Hydrogen Atom
• 16.3 The Helium Atom in the “Zero-Order” Orbital Approximation
• 16.4 Atoms with More Than Two Electrons
• Problems
• Chapter 17. The Electronic States of Atoms. II. Higher-Order Approximations for Multielectron Atoms
• 17.1 The Variation Method and Its Application to the Helium Atom
• 17.2 The Perturbation Method and Its Application to the Helium Atom
• 17.3 The Self-Consistent Field Method
• 17.4 Excited States of the Helium Atom
• 17.5 Atoms with More than Two Electrons
• Problems
• Chapter 18. The Electronic States of Molecules
• 18.1 The Born–Oppenheimer Approximation. The Hydrogen Molecule Ion
• 18.2 LCAO-MOs„Molecular Orbitals That Are Linear Combinations of Atomic Orbitals
• 18.3 Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
• 18.4 Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
• 18.5 Symmetry in Polyatomic Molecules. Groups of Symmetry Operators
• 18.6 Electronic Structure of Polyatomic Molecules
• 18.7 More Advanced Treatments of Molecular Electronic Structure
• Problems
• Chapter 19. Translational, Rotational, and Vibrational States of Atoms and Molecules
• 19.1 Translational Motions of Atoms
• 19.2 The Nonelectronic States of Diatomic Molecules
• 19.3 Rotation and Vibration in Polyatomic Molecules
• 19.4 The Equilibrium Populations of Molecular States
• Problems
• Chapter 20. Spectroscopy and Photochemistry
• 20.1 Emmission/Absorption Spectroscopy and Energy Levels
• 20.2 The Spectra of Atoms
• 20.3 Rotational and Vibrational Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
• 20.4 Electronic Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
• 20.5 Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules
• 20.6 Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Photochemistry
• 20.7 Other Types of Spectroscopy
• 20.8 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
• 20.9 Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
• Problems
• Chapter 21. Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics
• 21.1 The Quantum Statistical Mechanics of a Sample System of Four Harmonic Oscillators
• 21.2 The Probability Distribution for a Dilute Gas
• 21.3 The Probability Distribution and the Molecular Partition Function
• 21.4 The Calculation of Molecular Partition Functions
• 21.5 Calculations of Thermodynamic Functions of Dilute Gases
• 21.6 Chemical Equilibrium in Dilute Gases
• 21.7 The Activated Complex Theory of Bimolecular Chemical Reactions in Dilute Gases
• 21.8 The Canonical Ensemble
• 21.9 Classical Statistical Mechanics
• Problems
• Chapter 22. The Structure of Solids and Liquids
• 22.1 General Features of Solids
• 22.2 Crystal Vibrations
• 22.3 The Electronic Structure of Crystalline Solids
• 22.4 The Structure of Liquids
• 22.5 Polymer Formation and Conformation
• 22.6 Rubber Elasticity
• 22.7 Polymers in Solution
• Problems
• Chapter 23. Some Additional Theories of Nonequilibrium Processes
• 23.1 Theories of Unimolecular Chemical Reactions
• 23.2 The Molecular Case History of a Chemical Reaction
• 23.3 Theories of Transport Processes in Fluid Systems
• 23.4 Nonequilibrium Electrochemistry
• 23.5 Electrical Conductivity in Solids
• Problems
• Appendixes
• A. Tables of Numerical Data
• B. Some Useful Mathematics
• C. A Short Table of Integrals
• D. Classical Mechanics
• E. Some Derivations of Thermodynamic Formulas and Methods
• F. Some Mathematics in Quantum Mechanics
• G. The Perturbation Method
• H. The Hükel Method
• I. Matrix Representations of Groups
• J. Symbols Used in This Book
• K. Answers to Selected Exercises and Problems
• Additional Reading
• Index