Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• Contents
• Introduction / Embryology: Clinical Relevance and Historical Perspective
• Medical Embryology Animations
• Gamete Development and Fertilization
• Germ Layer and Neural Tube Development
• Body Cavity Development
• Limb Development
• Heart Development
• Gut Development
• Urinary System Development
• Reproductive System Development
• Head and Neck Development
• Muscular System Development (coming soon)
• Part 1: General Embryology
• Chapter 1: Introduction to Molecular Regulation and Signaling
• INTRODUCTION
• GENE TRANSCRIPTION
• DNA Methylation Represses Transcription
• OTHER REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION
• INDUCTION AND ORGAN FORMATION
• CELL SIGNALING
• Signal Transduction Pathways
• Paracrine Signaling Factors
• The TGF-β Superfamily
• Other Paracrine Signaling Molecules
• KEY SIGNALING PATHWAYS FOR DEVELOPMENT
• Sonic Hedgehog: Master Gene for Embryogenesis
• The Planar Cell Polarity: Convergent Extension Pathway
• The Notch Pathway
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 2: Gametogenesis: Conversion of Germ Cells into Male and Female Gametes
• PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS
• THE CHROMOSOME THEORY OF INHERITANCE
• Mitosis
• Meiosis
• MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES DURING MATURATION OF THE GAMETES
• Oogenesis
• Spermatogenesis
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 3: First Week of Development: Ovulation to Implantation
• OVARIAN CYCLE
• Ovulation
• Corpus Luteum
• Oocyte Transport
• Corpus Albicans
• FERTILIZATION
• Phase 1: Penetration of the Corona Radiata
• Phase 2: Penetration of the Zona Pellucida
• Phase 3: Fusion of the Oocyte and Sperm Cell Membranes
• CLEAVAGE
• BLASTOCYST FORMATION
• EPIBLAST, HYPOBLAST, AND AXIS FORMATION
• UTERUS AT THE TIME OF IMPLANTATION
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 4: Second Week of Development: Bilaminar Germ Disc
• INTRODUCTION
• DAY 8
• DAY 9
• DAYS 11 AND 12
• DAY 13
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 5: Third Week of Development: Trilaminar Germ Disc
• GASTRULATION: FORMATION OF EMBRYONIC MESODERM AND ENDODERM
• FORMATION OF THE NOTOCHORD
• ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BODY AXES
• FATE MAP ESTABLISHED DURING GASTRULATION
• GROWTH OF THE EMBRYONIC DISC
• FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE TROPHOBLAST
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 6: Third to Eighth Weeks: The Embryonic Period
• INTRODUCTION
• DERIVATIVES OF THE ECTODERMAL GERM LAYER
• Molecular Regulation of Neural Induction
• Neurulation
• Neural Crest Cells
• DERIVATIVES OF THE MESODERMAL GERM LAYER
• Paraxial Mesoderm
• Intermediate Mesoderm
• Lateral Plate Mesoderm
• Blood and Blood Vessels
• DERIVATIVES OF THE ENDODERMAL GERM LAYER
• PATTERNING OF THE ANTEROPOSTERIOR AXIS: REGULATION BY HOMEOBOX GENES
• EXTERNAL APPEARANCE DURING THE SECOND MONTH
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 7: The Gut Tube and the Body Cavities
• A TUBE ON TOP OF A TUBE
• FORMATION OF THE BODY CAVITY
• SEROUS MEMBRANES
• DIAPHRAGM AND THORACIC CAVITY
• FORMATION OF THE DIAPHRAGM
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 8: Third Month to Birth: The Fetus and Placenta
• DEVELOPMENT OF THE FETUS
• Monthly Changes
• Time of Birth
• FETAL MEMBRANES AND PLACENTA
• Changes in the Trophoblast
• CHORION FRONDOSUM AND DECIDUA BASALIS
• STRUCTURE OF THE PLACENTA
• Full-Term Placenta
• Circulation of the Placenta
• Function of the Placenta
• AMNION AND UMBILICAL CORD
• PLACENTAL CHANGES AT THE END OF PREGNANCY
• AMNIOTIC FLUID
• FETAL MEMBRANES IN TWINS
• Dizygotic Twins
• Monozygotic Twins
• PARTURITION (BIRTH)
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 9: Birth Defects and Prenatal Diagnosis
• BIRTH DEFECTS
• Types of Abnormalities
• Environmental Factors and Drugs
• Male-Mediated Teratogenesis
• PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS
• Ultrasonography
• Amniocentesis
• Chorionic Villus Sampling
• Cordocentesis, or Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling
• Maternal Serum Screening
• Noninvasive Prenatal Screening
• Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
• FETAL THERAPY
• Fetal Transfusion
• Fetal Medical Treatment
• Fetal Surgery
• Stem Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy
• SUMMARY
• Part 2: Systems-Based Embryology
• Chapter 10: The Axial Skeleton
• INTRODUCTION
• SKULL
• Neurocranium
• Newborn Skull
• Viscerocranium
• VERTEBRAE AND THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
• Ribs and Sternum
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 11: Muscular System
• INTRODUCTION
• STRIATED SKELETAL MUSCULATURE
• INNERVATION OF AXIAL SKELETAL MUSCLES
• SKELETAL MUSCLE AND TENDONS
• MOLECULAR REGULATION OF MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT
• PATTERNING OF MUSCLES
• HEAD MUSCULATURE
• LIMB MUSCULATURE
• CARDIAC MUSCLE
• SMOOTH MUSCLE
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 12: Limbs
• LIMB GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
• LIMB MUSCULATURE
• Molecular Regulation of Limb Development
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 13: Cardiovascular System
• ESTABLISHMENT AND PATTERNING OF THE PRIMARY HEART FIELD
• FORMATION AND POSITION OF THE HEART TUBE
• FORMATION OF THE CARDIAC LOOP
• MOLECULAR REGULATION OF CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT
• BLOOD FLOW AND CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT
• DEVELOPMENT OF THE SINUS VENOSUS
• FORMATION OF THE CARDIAC SEPTA
• Septum Formation in the Common Atrium
• Septum Formation in the Atrioventricular Canal
• Septum Formation in the Truncus Arteriosus and Conus Cordis
• Septum Formation in the Ventricles
• FORMATION OF THE CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF THE HEART
• VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT
• Arterial System
• Venous System
• CIRCULATION BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH
• Fetal Circulation
• Circulatory Changes at Birth
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 14: Respiratory System
• FORMATION OF THE LUNG BUDS
• LARYNX
• TRACHEA, BRONCHI, AND LUNGS
• MATURATION OF THE LUNGS
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 15: Digestive System
• DIVISIONS OF THE GUT TUBE
• MOLECULAR REGULATION OF GUT TUBE DEVELOPMENT
• MESENTERY
• FOREGUT
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Duodenum
• Liver and Gallbladder
• MOLECULAR REGULATION OF LIVER INDUCTION
• PANCREAS
• Molecular Regulation of Pancreas Development
• MIDGUT
• Physiologic Herniation
• Rotation of the Midgut
• Retraction of Herniated Loops
• Mesenteries of the Intestinal Loops
• HINDGUT
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 16: Urogenital System
• INTRODUCTION
• URINARY SYSTEM
• Kidney Systems
• Collecting System
• Excretory System
• Molecular Regulation of Kidney Development
• Position of the Kidney
• Function of the Kidney
• Bladder and Urethra
• GENITAL SYSTEM
• Gonads
• Genital Ducts
• Vagina
• External Genitalia
• Descent of the Testes
• Descent of the Ovaries
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 17: Head and Neck
• INTRODUCTION
• PHARYNGEAL ARCHES
• First Pharyngeal Arch
• Second Pharyngeal Arch
• Third Pharyngeal Arch
• Fourth and Sixth Pharyngeal Arches
• PHARYNGEAL POUCHES
• First Pharyngeal Pouch
• Second Pharyngeal Pouch
• Third Pharyngeal Pouch
• Fourth Pharyngeal Pouch
• PHARYNGEAL CLEFTS
• MOLECULAR REGULATION OF FACIAL DEVELOPMENT
• TONGUE
• THYROID GLAND
• FACE
• INTERMAXILLARY SEGMENT
• SECONDARY PALATE
• NASAL CAVITIES
• TEETH
• MOLECULAR REGULATION OF TOOTH DEVELOPMENT
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 18: Central Nervous System
• INTRODUCTION
• SPINAL CORD
• Neuroepithelial, Mantle, and Marginal Layers
• Basal, Alar, Roof, and Floor Plates
• Histologic Differentiation
• Positional Changes of the Cord
• Molecular Regulation of Nerve Differentiation in the Spinal Cord
• BRAIN
• Rhombencephalon: Hindbrain
• Mesencephalon: Midbrain
• Prosencephalon: Forebrain
• MOLECULAR REGULATION OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
• CRANIAL NERVES
• AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Sympathetic Nervous System
• Parasympathetic Nervous System
• Suprarenal (Adrenal) Gland
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 19: Ear
• INTRODUCTION
• INTERNAL EAR
• Saccule, Cochlea, and Organ of Corti
• Utricle and Semicircular Canals
• MIDDLE EAR
• Tympanic Cavity and Auditory Tube
• Ossicles
• EXTERNAL EAR
• External Auditory Meatus
• Eardrum or Tympanic Membrane
• Auricle
• HEARING
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 20: Eye
• OPTIC CUP AND LENS VESICLE
• RETINA, IRIS, AND CILIARY BODY
• LENS
• CHOROID, SCLERA, AND CORNEA
• VITREOUS BODY
• OPTIC NERVE
• MOLECULAR REGULATION OF EYE DEVELOPMENT
• SUMMARY
• Chapter 21: Integumentary System
• SKIN
• Epidermis
• Dermis
• HAIR
• FINGERNAILS AND TOENAILS
• SWEAT GLANDS
• MAMMARY GLANDS
• SUMMARY
• Part 3: Appendix
• Answers to Problems
• Figure Credits
• Glossary of Key Terms
• Index
• Interactive Question