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• Copyright
• About the Author
• Preface
• 1: Introduction
• WHY STUDY MATERIALS SCIENCE?
• Overview of Materials Science
• WHAT ISSUES IMPACT MATERIALS SELECTION AND DESIGN?
• Property Considerations for Specific Applications
• Impact of Bonding of Material Properties
• Changes of Properties over Time
• Impact of Economics on Decision Making
• Sustainability and Green Engineering
• WHAT CHOICES ARE AVAILABLE?
• Classes of Materials
• 2: Structure in Materials
• HOW ARE ATOMS ARRANGED IN MATERIALS?
• Introduction
• Levels of Order
• Lattice Parameters and Atomic Packing Factors
• Density Estimations
• Crystallographic Planes
• Miller Indices
• HOW ARE CRYSTALS MEASURED?
• X-Ray Diffraction
• Microscopy
• HOW DO CRYSTALS FORM AND GROW?
• Nucleation and Grain Growth
• WHAT KINDS OF FLAWS ARE PRESENT IN CRYSTALS AND WHAT DO THEY AFFECT?
• Point Defects
• Dislocations
• Slip
• Dislocation Climb
• WHAT NEW DEVELOPMENTS ARE HAPPENING WITH CRYSTALS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURES?
• Monocrystals and Nanocrystals
• 3: Measurement of Mechanical Properties
• HOW DO I KNOW HOW TO MEASURE PROPERTIES?
• ASTM Standards
• WHAT PROPERTIES CAN BE MEASURED AND WHAT DO THEY TELL ME?
• Tensile Testing
• Compressive Testing
• Bend Testing
• Hardness Testing
• Creep Testing
• Impact Testing
• WILL I GET THE SAME RESULT EVERY TIME I RUN A SPECIFIC TEST?
• Error and Reproducibility in Measurement
• WHY DO MATERIALS FAIL UNDER STRESS?
• Fracture Mechanics
• HOW DO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES CHANGE OVER TIME?
• Fatigue Testing
• Accelerated Aging Studies
• 4: Metals
• HOW DO YOU WORK WITH METALS?
• Forming Operations
• WHAT ADVANTAGES DO ALLOYS OFFER?
• Alloys and Phase Diagrams
• Carbon Steel
• Phase Transitions
• Age Hardening (Precipitation Hardening)
• Copper and Its Alloys
• Aluminum and Its Alloys
• WHAT LIMITATIONS DO METALS HAVE?
• Corrosion
• WHAT HAPPENS TO METALS AFTER THEIR COMMERCIAL LIFE?
• Recycling of Metals
• 5: Polymers
• WHAT ARE POLYMERS?
• Polymer Terminology
• Types of Polymers
• HOW ARE POLYMER CHAINS FORMED?
• Addition Polymerization
• Condensation Polymerization
• Importance of Molecular Weight Distributions
• WHAT INFLUENCES THE PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS?
• Constitution
• Configuration
• Conformation
• Additives
• HOW ARE POLYMERS PROCESSED INTO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS?
• Polymer Processing
• WHAT HAPPENS TO POLYMERS WHEN THEY ARE DISCARDED?
• Recycling of Polymers
• 6: Ceramics and Carbon Materials
• WHAT ARE CERAMIC MATERIALS?
• Crystal Structures in Ceramics
• WHAT ARE THE INDUSTRIAL USES OF CERAMICS?
• Abrasives
• Glasses
• Cements
• Refractories
• Structural Clay Products
• Whitewares
• Advanced Ceramics
• WHAT HAPPENS TO CERAMIC MATERIALS AT THE END OF THEIR USEFUL LIVES?
• Recycling of Ceramic Materials
• IS GRAPHITE A POLYMER OR A CERAMIC?
• Graphite
• DO OTHER CARBON MATERIALS OFFER UNUSUAL PROPERTIES?
• Diamond
• Carbon Fibers
• Fullerenes (Buckyballs) and Carbon Nanotubes
• 7: Composites
• WHAT ARE COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND HOW ARE THEY MADE?
• Classes of Composites
• Fiber-Reinforced Composites
• Particulate Composites
• Laminar Composites
• WHAT HAPPENS TO OBSOLETE COMPOSITES?
• Recycling of Composite Materials
• 8: Electronic and Optical Materials
• HOW DO ELECTRONS FLOW THROUGH METALS?
• Conductivity in Metals
• Electrical Resistivity
• WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THERE ARE NO FREE ELECTRONS?
• Insulators
• Intrinsic Semiconduction
• Extrinsic Semiconduction
• HOW DO ELECTRONIC DEVICES OPERATE?
• Diodes
• Transistors
• Integrated Circuits
• Dielectric Behavior and Capacitors
• WHAT OTHER ELECTRICAL BEHAVIORS DO SOME MATERIALS DISPLAY?
• Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials
• WHAT ARE OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND WHY DO THEY MATTER?
• Optical Properties
• Applications of Optical Materials
• 9: Biomaterials and Biological Materials
• WHAT TYPES OF MATERIALS INTERACT WITH BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS?
• Biomaterials, Biological Materials, and Biocompatibility
• WHAT BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS PROVIDE STRUCTURAL SUPPORT AND WHAT BIOMATERIALS INTERACT WITH OR REPLACE
• Structural Biological Materials and Biomaterials
• WHAT BIOMATERIALS SERVE A NONSTRUCTURAL FUNCTION IN THE BODY?
• Functional Biomaterials
• WHAT ETHICAL ISSUES ARE UNIQUE TO BIOMATERIALS?
• Ethics and Biomaterials
• Appendix A: MAJOR PRODUCERS OF METALS AND POLYMERS
• Appendix B: PROPERTIES OF MAJOR METALS AND ALLOYS
• GLOSSARY
• INDEX