Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Advisory Board
• Reviewers
• Preface
• Contents
• 1 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
• Chest Pain
• Ischemic Heart Disease
• Stable Angina Pectoris
• Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)
• Variant (Prinzmetal) Angina
• Congestive Heart Failure
• Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
• Arrhythmias
• Terminology
• Premature Complexes
• Tachyarrhythmias
• Atrial Fibrillation
• Atrial Flutter
• Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
• Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
• Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) Syndrome
• Summary of Atrial Tachyarrhythmias (Figure 1-11)
• Ventricular Tachycardia
• Ventricular Fibrillation
• Bradyarrhythmias
• Sinus Bradycardia
• Sick Sinus Syndrome
• AV Block
• Diseases of the Heart Muscle
• Dilated Cardiomyopathy
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
• Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
• Myocarditis
• Pericardial Diseases
• Acute Pericarditis
• Constrictive Pericarditis
• Pericardial Effusion
• Cardiac Tamponade
• Valvular Heart Disease
• Mitral Stenosis
• Aortic Stenosis
• Aortic Regurgitation
• Mitral Regurgitation
• Tricuspid Regurgitation
• Mitral Valve Prolapse
• Rheumatic Heart Disease
• Infective Endocarditis
• Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (Marantic Endocarditis)
• Nonbacterial Verrucous Endocarditis (Libman–Sacks Endocarditis)
• Congenital Heart Diseases
• Atrial Septal Defect
• Ventricular Septal Defect
• Coarctation of the Aorta
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Diseases of the Vasculature
• Hypertensive Emergency
• Aortic Dissection
• Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
• Peripheral Arterial Disease
• Acute Arterial Occlusion
• Cholesterol Embolization Syndrome
• Deep Venous Thrombosis
• Chronic Venous Insufficiency (Venous Stasis Disease)
• Superficial Thrombophlebitis
• Cardiac Neoplasms
• Atrial Myxoma
• Shock
• Basics of Shock
• Cardiogenic Shock
• Hypovolemic Shock
• Septic Shock
• Neurogenic Shock
• Obstructive Shock
• Syncope
• 2 Diseases of the Pulmonary System
• Obstructive Lung Diseases
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Asthma
• Bronchiectasis
• Cystic Fibrosis
• Lung Neoplasms
• Lung Cancer
• Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
• Mediastinal Masses
• Diseases of the Pleura
• Pleural Effusion
• Empyema
• Pneumothorax
• Tension Pneumothorax
• Malignant Mesothelioma
• Interstitial Lung Disease
• Overview
• Interstitial Lung Diseases Associated With Granulomas
• Environmental Lung Disease/Pneumoconiosis
• Interstitial Lung Disease Associated With Hypersensitivity
• Alveolar Filling Disease
• Miscellaneous Interstitial Lung Diseases
• Respiratory Failure
• Acute Respiratory Failure
• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Mechanical Ventilation
• Diseases of the Pulmonary Vasculature
• Pulmonary Hypertension
• Cor Pulmonale
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Miscellaneous Topics
• Pulmonary Aspiration
• Dyspnea
• Hemoptysis
• 3 Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System
• Diseases of the Colon
• Colorectal Cancer
• Colonic Polyps
• Diverticulosis
• Angiodysplasia of the Colon (Arteriovenous Malformations, Vascular Ectasia)
• Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
• Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
• Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (Ogilvie Syndrome)
• Colonic Volvulus
• Diseases of the Liver
• Acute Liver Failure
• Cirrhosis
• Wilson Disease
• Hemochromatosis
• Hepatocellular Adenoma
• Hepatic Hemangiomas
• Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
• Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Malignant Hepatoma)
• Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
• Hemobilia
• Liver Cysts
• Liver Abscess
• Budd–Chiari Syndrome
• Jaundice
• Liver Lab Tests
• Diseases of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract
• Cholelithiasis
• Acute Cholecystitis
• Acalculous Cholecystitis
• Choledocholithiasis
• Cholangitis
• Carcinoma of the Gallbladder
• Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
• Primary Biliary Cholangitis
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Biliary Cysts
• Biliary Stricture
• Biliary Dyskinesia
• Diseases of the Appendix
• Acute Appendicitis
• Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) and Carcinoid Syndrome
• Diseases of the Pancreas
• Acute Pancreatitis
• Chronic Pancreatitis
• Pancreatic Cancer
• Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Diseases of the Esophagus
• Esophageal Cancer
• Achalasia
• Diffuse Esophageal Spasm
• Esophageal Hiatal Hernias
• Mallory–Weiss Syndrome
• Plummer–Vinson Syndrome (Upper Esophageal Webs)
• Esophageal Rings (Schatzki Ring)
• Esophageal Diverticula
• Esophageal Perforation
• Diseases of the Stomach
• Peptic Ulcer Disease
• Acute Gastritis
• Chronic Gastritis
• Gastric Cancer
• Gastric Lymphoma
• Diseases of the Small Intestine
• Small Bowel Obstruction
• Paralytic Ileus
• Celiac Disease
• Whipple’ Disease
• Tropical Sprue
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Crohn Disease
• Ulcerative Colitis
• 4 Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases
• Diseases of the Pancreas
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
• Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
• Obesity
• Hypoglycemia
• Insulinoma
• Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome (ZES, Gastrinoma)
• Glucagonoma
• Somatostatinoma
• VIPoma (Verner–Morrison or Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, Achlorhydria Syndrome)
• Diseases of the Thyroid Gland
• Hyperthyroidism
• Thyroid Storm
• Hypothyroidism
• Thyroiditis
• Thyroid Nodules
• Thyroid Cancer
• Diseases of the Pituitary Gland
• Pituitary Adenomas
• Hyperprolactinemia
• Acromegaly
• Craniopharyngioma
• Hypopituitarism
• Diabetes Insipidus
• Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
• Diseases of the Parathyroid Glands
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Primary Hyperparathyroidism
• Diseases of the Adrenal Glands
• Cushing Syndrome
• Pheochromocytoma
• Primary Hyperaldosteronism
• Adrenal Insufficiency
• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
• 5 Diseases of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
• Cerebrovascular Disease
• Ischemic Stroke
• Hemorrhagic Stroke
• Seizures
• Movement Disorders
• Parkinson Disease
• Huntington Chorea
• Tremor
• Ataxia
• Restless Leg Syndrome
• Tourette Syndrome
• Dementia
• Overview
• Alzheimer Disease
• Altered Mental Status
• Acute Encephalopathy
• Coma
• Demyelinating Disease
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Guillain–Barré Syndrome
• Neuromuscular Diseases
• Myasthenia Gravis
• Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
• Becker Muscular Dystrophy
• Neurocutaneous Syndromes
• Neurofibromatosis Type I (von Recklinghausen Disease)
• Neurofibromatosis Type II
• Tuberous Sclerosis
• Sturge–Weber Syndrome
• Von Hippel–Lindau Disease
• Spinal Cord Diseases
• Syringomyelia
• Brown-Séquard Syndrome
• Transverse Myelitis
• Horner Syndrome
• Poliomyelitis
• Miscellaneous Conditions
• Vertigo
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or “Lou Gehrig Disease”
• Aphasia
• Bell Palsy
• Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
• How to Localize a Neurologic Lesion
• 6 Connective Tissue and Joint Diseases
• Connective Tissue Diseases
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
• Sjögren Syndrome
• Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
• Crystal-Induced Arthritides
• Gout
• Pseudogout (Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease)
• Myopathies and Pain Syndromes
• Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
• Inclusion Body Myositis
• Polymyalgia Rheumatica
• Fibromyalgia
• Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
• Ankylosing Spondylitis
• Reactive Arthritis
• Psoriatic Arthritis
• Vasculitis
• Vasculitis Overview (Figure 6-9)
• Large-Vessel Vasculitides
• Medium-Vessel Vasculitides
• ANCA-Associated Small-Vessel Vasculitides
• Immune Complex Small-Vessel Vasculitides
• Variable-Vessel Vasculitis
• 7 Diseases of the Renal and Genitourinary System
• Renal Failure
• Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Dialysis
• Proteinuria and Hematuria
• Proteinuria
• Hematuria
• Glomerular Disease
• Overview
• Primary Glomerular Disorders (see Figure 7-4)
• Secondary Glomerular Disorders
• Tubulointerstitial Diseases
• Acute Interstitial Nephritis
• Renal Papillary Necrosis
• Renal Tubular Acidosis
• Fanconi Syndrome
• Renal Cystic Diseases
• Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Medullary Sponge Kidney
• Simple Renal Cysts
• Renal Vascular Disease
• Renal Artery Stenosis (Renovascular Hypertension)
• Renal Vein Thrombosis
• Atheroembolic Disease of the Renal Arteries
• Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
• Sickle Cell Nephropathy
• Stones and Obstructions
• Nephrolithiasis
• Urinary Tract Obstruction
• Neoplasms
• Prostate Cancer
• Renal Cell Carcinoma
• Bladder Cancer
• Testicular Cancer
• Penile Cancer
• Miscellaneous Conditions
• Testicular Torsion
• Epididymitis
• 8 Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Disorders
• Volume Disorders
• Approach to Volume Disorders
• Hypovolemia
• Hypervolemia
• Sodium
• Overview of Sodium Homeostasis
• Hyponatremia
• Hypernatremia
• Calcium
• Calcium Metabolism
• Hypocalcemia
• Hypercalcemia
• Potassium
• Potassium Metabolism
• Hypokalemia
• Hyperkalemia
• Magnesium
• Overview
• Hypomagnesemia
• Hypermagnesemia
• Phosphate
• Overview
• Hypophosphatemia
• Hyperphosphatemia
• Acid–Base Disorders
• Metabolic Acidosis
• Metabolic Alkalosis
• Respiratory Acidosis
• Respiratory Alkalosis
• 9 Hematologic Diseases and Neoplasms
• Anemias
• Basics of Anemia
• Microcytic Anemias
• Iron-Deficiency Anemia
• Thalassemias
• Sideroblastic Anemia
• Normocytic Anemias
• Anemia of Chronic Disease
• Aplastic Anemia
• Macrocytic Anemias
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency
• Folate Deficiency
• Hemolytic Anemias
• Overview
• Sickle Cell Disease
• Hereditary Spherocytosis
• Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
• Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
• Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
• Platelet Disorders
• Thrombocytopenia
• Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura
• Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
• Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, Type 2
• Bernard–Soulier Syndrome
• Glanzmann Thrombasthenia
• Disorders of Coagulation
• von Willebrand Disease
• Hemophilia A
• Hemophilia B
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
• Vitamin K Deficiency
• Coagulopathy of Liver Disease
• Hypercoagulable States
• Anticoagulation
• Heparin
• Low–Molecular-Weight Heparin
• Warfarin
• Direct Oral Anticoagulants
• Oncology
• Epidemiology
• Cancer Prevention and Screening
• Principles of Cancer Staging and Therapy
• Breast Cancer
• Plasma Cell Disorders
• Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
• Multiple Myeloma
• Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
• Lymphomas
• Hodgkin Lymphoma
• Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
• Leukemias
• Acute Leukemias
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
• Myeloproliferative Disorders
• Polycythemia Vera
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes
• Essential Thrombocythemia
• 10 Infectious Diseases
• Infections of the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts
• Pneumonia
• Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
• Lung Abscess
• Tuberculosis
• Influenza
• SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
• Infections of the Central Nervous System
• Meningitis
• Encephalitis
• Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract (see also Chapter 3)
• Viral Hepatitis
• Botulism
• Intra-Abdominal Abscess
• Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI)
• Infections of the Genitourinary Tract
• Cystitis (Lower Urinary Tract Infections)
• Pyelonephritis
• Prostatitis
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Condyloma Acuminata (Anogenital Warts)
• Chlamydia
• Gonorrhea
• HIV and AIDS
• Herpes Simplex
• Syphilis
• Chancroid
• Lymphogranuloma Venereum
• Pediculosis Pubis (Pubic Lice)
• Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTIs)
• Cellulitis
• Erysipelas
• Necrotizing Fasciitis
• Lymphadenitis or Lymphangitis
• Tetanus
• Infections of the Bones and Joints
• Osteomyelitis
• Acute Infectious Arthritis
• Zoonoses and Arthropod-Borne Diseases
• Lyme Disease
• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
• Malaria
• Rabies
• Other Zoonoses
• Common Fungal Infections
• Candidiasis
• Aspergillus
• Cryptococcosis
• Other Fungal Infections
• Common Parasitic Infections
• Fever and Sepsis
• Fever of Unknown Origin
• Toxic Shock Syndrome
• Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSIs)
• Neutropenic Fever
• Miscellaneous Infections
• Infectious Mononucleosis
• 11 Diseases of the Skin and Hypersensitivity Disorders
• KEY DEFINITIONS
• COMMON SKIN DISORDERS
• Acneiform Eruptions
• Acne Vulgaris
• Rosacea
• Hidradenitis Suppurativa
• Atopic and Contact Dermatitis
• Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
• Contact Dermatitis
• Papulosquamous Eruptions
• Psoriasis
• Seborrheic Dermatitis
• Pityriasis Rosea
• Lichen Planus
• Allergic Reactions
• Urticaria (Hives)
• Angioedema
• Anaphylaxis
• Drug Reactions
• Other Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders
• Erythema Nodosum
• Pyoderma Gangrenosum
• Bullous Pemphigoid
• Pemphigus Vulgaris
• Vitiligo
• SKIN CONDITIONS RELATED TO INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS
• Warts
• Molluscum Contagiosum
• Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
• Dermatophytes
• Tinea Versicolor
• Scabies
• BENIGN AND MALIGNANT SKIN LESIONS
• Benign Skin Lesions
• Actinic Keratosis (Also Called Solar Keratosis)
• Seborrheic Keratosis
• Keratoacanthoma
• Malignant Skin Lesions
• Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Melanoma
• 12 Ambulatory Medicine
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidemias
• Headache
• Tension Headache
• Cluster Headaches
• Migraine
• Upper Respiratory Diseases
• Cough
• Acute Bronchitis
• The Common Cold
• Sinusitis
• Laryngitis
• Sore Throat
• Gastrointestinal Diseases
• Dyspepsia
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Nausea and Vomiting
• Hemorrhoids
• MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS
• Overview of Musculoskeletal Examination Maneuvers
• Low Back Pain
• Common Disorders of the Cervical Spine
• Knee Pain
• Ankle Sprains
• Tendinitis and Bursitis
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Osteoarthritis
• Osteoporosis
• Diseases of the Eye
• Age-Related Macular Degeneration
• Glaucoma
• Cataracts
• Red Eye
• Conjunctivitis
• Amaurosis Fugax
• Sleep Disorders
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea
• Narcolepsy
• Insomnia
• Miscellaneous Topics
• Obesity
• Hearing Loss/Impaired Hearing
• Urinary Incontinence
• Fatigue
• Erectile Dysfunction
• Addiction Medicine
• Overview of Substance Use Disorders (SUDs)
• Alcohol Use Disorder
• Opioid Use Disorder
• Smoking
• Health Maintenance
• Appendix
• Radiographic Interpretation
• Chest Radiograph
• Abdominal Radiographs
• Electrocardiogram Interpretation
• Electrocardiogram Pearls
• Intravenous Therapy
• Central Venous Line
• Arterial Lines
• Nutritional Support
• Guide to Antibacterial Antibiotic Therapy
• Physical Examination Pearls
• Heart Sounds
• Murmurs
• Breath Sounds
• Abdominal Examination
• Neurologic Examination
• Tumor Markers
• Workup and Management of Common Problems
• On the Wards
• Hypotension
• Hypertension
• Chest Pain
• Tachycardia
• Oliguria
• Fever in the Hospitalized Patient
• Hypoglycemia
• Change in Mental Status (Acute Encephalopathy)
• Shortness of Breath/Acute Hypoxia
• Basic Statistics and Evidence-Based Medicine
• End-of-Life Issues and Informed Consent
• Questions
• Answers
• Index