Efnisyfirlit

• Online resources
• Preface to the twelfth edition
• List of abbreviations
• Part I Defining and Analysing Tourism and its Impacts
• 1 An introduction to tourism
• Why study tourism?
• Defining tourism
• The tourist product
• The nature of tourism
• The tourist destination
• Summary
• References
• 2 Tourism in its historical context
• Introduction: The origins of travel
• The development of travel in the Middle Ages
• The development of road transport
• The Grand Tour
• Authorisation to travel
• Other political hindrances to travel
• The development of the spas
• The rise of the seaside resort
• Conditions favouring the expansion of travel in the nineteenth century
• The age of steam: Rail and sea transport
• Other late nineteenth-century developments
• The twentieth century and the origins of mass tourism
• The growing importance of business travel
• The all-inclusive holiday
• Mass-market tourism in its maturity
• The influence of information technology
• Summary
• Further reading
• References
• 3 The demand for tourism
• Introduction
• The tourist’s needs and wants
• Travel motivation
• Travel facilitators
• Segmenting the tourism market
• Consumer processes
• Making the decision
• Fashion and taste
• Factors influencing changes in tourist demand
• The future pattern of tourist demand
• Summary
• Further reading
• References
• 4 The economic impacts of tourism
• Introduction
• The international tourist market
• The value of economic data
• The economic impacts of tourism
• Statistical measurement of tourism
• Future issues
• Further reading
• Websites
• References
• 5 The socio-cultural impacts of tourism
• Introduction
• The socio-cultural effects of tourism
• The hosts’ impacts on tourists
• Cultural transgressions
• The exploitation of indigenous populations
• Managing the social impacts of tourism
• Bringing economic benefits to locals
• The impacts of travel on tourists’ health
• Politico-cultural impacts
• Legislation and guidance protecting the tourist destination
• Summary
• Further reading
• Websites
• References
• 6 The environmental impacts of tourism
• Introduction
• The environmental effects of tourism
• Public-sector planning for control and conservation
• The public-/private-sector interface in the development of sustainable tourism
• Summary
• Further reading
• Websites
• References
• Part II The Travel and Tourism Product
• 7 The structure and organisation of the travel and tourism industry
• Introduction
• The chain of distribution for tourism
• Common interest organisations
• Integration in the tourism industry
• Summary
• Websites
• References
• 8 Tourist destinations
• Introduction: What defines a destination?
• Categorising destinations
• Coastal tourism
• Urban tourism
• Rural tourism
• The successful destination
• Design of the built and natural environment
• The media and their influence on tourist destinations
• Destinations of the future
• Summary
• Website
• References
• 9 Tourist attractions
• Introduction
• Historic buildings and heritage
• Museums and art galleries
• Parks and gardens
• Other attractions
• Other influential factors attracting visitors
• The scope for innovative tourism
• Summary
• Further reading
• Websites
• References
• 10 Event tourism
• Introduction: Defining event tourism
• Forms of event tourism
• Developing event tourism strategies
• The future of event tourism
• Summary
• Websites
• References
• 11 Business tourism
• Introduction
• Meetings
• Exhibitions and trade fairs
• Incentive travel
• Individual business travel
• Trends in business tourism
• Summary
• Websites
• References
• 12 The hospitality sector: Accommodation and catering services
• Introduction
• The structure of the accommodation sector
• Classifying and grading accommodation
• The nature of demand for accommodation facilities
• Categories of accommodation
• The distribution of accommodation
• Environmental issues
• Catering
• Future developments in the hospitality sector
• Websites
• References
• 13 Tourist transport by air
• Introduction
• The airline business
• The organisation of air transport
• Air transport regulation
• The deregulation of air transport
• The economics of airline operation
• Environmental concerns
• The marketing of air services
• What is the future for air transport?
• Websites
• References
• 14 Tourist transport by water
• Introduction
• The ocean liners
• Cruising
• Ferry services
• Coastal and inland waterways tourism
• Seagoing pleasure craft
• What does the future hold for water transport?
• Further reading
• Websites
• References
• 15 Tourist transport on land
• Introduction
• The role of the railways in tourism
• Coach travel
• The private car
• Cycling and tourism
• Tourists on foot
• Future developments in land transport
• References
• Part III Intermediaries in the Provision of Travel and Tourism Services
• 16 The management of visitors
• Introduction
• Controlling the impacts of visitors
• Meeting the cost of visitor management
• Operational approaches to visitor management
• Technology that can assist in visitor management
• Future issues
• Further reading
• Websites
• References
• 17 The structure and role of the public sector in tourism
• Introduction
• The nature of government involvement
• Planning and facilitating tourism
• Supervision and control of tourism
• The organisation of public-sector tourism
• Public-/private-sector cooperation
• Town twinning and tourism
• The role of the European Union
• The future role of the public sector in tourism
• Summary
• Websites
• References
• 18 Tour operating
• Introduction
• Tour operators: Why a European perspective?
• The role of the tour operator
• Tour operating within Europe
• The changing marketplace in tour operating
• The nature of tour operating
• Planning and marketing of package tours
• The role of the resort representative
• Pricing the package tour
• The tour brochure
• The reservations system
• Operators selling direct
• The information technology revolution and its impact on tour operating
• The future for tour operators
• Websites
• References
• 19 Selling and distributing travel and tourism
• Introduction
• Historical context
• The scale of the retail sector
• The power of the travel agency chains
• The profitability of travel agents
• The role of travel agents
• Distribution trends
• Setting up and running a travel agency
• Travel agency appointments
• The impact of computer technology
• The future of travel retailing
• Websites
• References
• 20 Ancillary tourism services
• Introduction
• Services to the tourist
• Services to the supplier
• Marketing services
• Technical services
• The future of ancillary services
• Websites
• References
• Index