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• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Contributors
• 1. Introduction: Governing the International Environment
• International Relations, Regimes, and Governance
• Sustainable Development
• Overview of the Book
• International Environmental Institutions
• International Environmental Law
• International Environmental Policy
• Sustainable Development: National Cases and Controversies
• The Uncertain Future
• Notes
• I. International Institutions and Regimes
• 2. Global Institutions and the Environment: An Evolutionary Perspective
• Historical Perspective
• The Pre-Stockholm Era (Prior to 1968)
• The Stockholm Era (1968–1987)
• The Rio de Janeiro Era (1987 to the Present)
• Major Global Institutions
• United Nations General Assembly
• The United Nations Environment Programme
• The Commission on Sustainable Development
• The Global Environment Facility
• The World Bank
• Prospects for Change
• Notes
• 3. The Role of Environmental NGOs in International Regimes
• The Rise of International Regimes
• The Growth of the Environmental Movement
• The Global NGO Community
• Internal Structures
• Methods and Strategies
• Environmental Groups and International Regimes
• Notes
• 4. The European Union as an Environmental Governance System
• The Political Origins of the European Union and Environmental Policy
• EU Institutions and Policy-Making Processes
• Institutions
• The Policy Process
• The Harmonization of Environmental Standards
• The Fifth Environmental Action Programme
• Legislative Action
• Framework Directives
• Other Legislation
• Major Challenges Facing the European Union
• Implementation of Environmental Laws
• New Instruments and Approaches
• Enlargement
• Conclusion
• Notes
• II. International Environmental Law
• 5. The Emerging Structure of International Environmental Law
• The Emerging Characteristics of International Law
• The Blurring of Public and Private International Law
• Increased Use of Legally Nonbinding Instruments
• The Integration of International and National Law
• Substantive Directions for International Law
• Intergenerational Norms
• New International Monitoring and Tracking Regimes
• Compliance with International Law
• Understanding the Emerging Framework in Operation
• The New Issues
• Management Issues
• Accountability
• Notes
• 6. Environmental Protection in the Twenty-first Century: Sustainable Development and International Law
• International Environmental Law: Context, Sources, and History
• The International Legal Order
• Sovereignty and Territory
• International Actors
• Sources of International Environmental Law
• History
• International Environmental Law: General Principles
• Principles of General Application
• Basic Rules and Emerging Legal Standards
• Protection of Flora and Fauna
• Protection of the Marine Environment
• Protection of Freshwater Resources
• Air Quality
• Waste
• Hazardous Substances
• Conclusion
• Notes
• 7. Compliance with International Environmental Agreements
• Theory of Compliance
• Sources of Compliance and Noncompliance
• Country Characteristics
• Role of NGOs
• Number of States and the “International Environment”
• Primary Rule System
• Reporting and Information
• Responses to Noncompliance
• Toward Comprehensive Noncompliance Response Systems
• Notes
• III. International Environmental Policies and Implementation
• 8. Agenda 21: Myth or Reality?
• The Goals of Agenda 21
• Achieving the Goals
• Improving Quality of Life and Encouraging Sustainable Economic Growth
• Conserving Natural Resources and Reducing Pollution
• Improving Governmental Capacity
• Assessing the Impact of Agenda 21
• Major Issues in Implementing Agenda 21
• Rethinking Development
• Rethinking Economic Policy and Globalization
• The Importance of a Development Regime for the Global Environment
• Notes
• 9. Economic Integration and the Environment
• Origins of the Trade and Environment “Conflict”
• Triggering Events
• Core Environmental Concerns about Free Trade
• The Free Trade Response
• NAFTA First Steps
• The Broader Policy Response
• Strengthening the Global Environmental Regime
• Managing Interdependence
• Notes
• 10. The United Nations Climate Change Agreements
• Climate Change as a Unique Policy Problem
• The Science of Climate Change
• The Earth′s Climate System
• Human Impacts on the Climate System
• Predicting and Measuring the Consequences
• Achieving Scientific Consensus
• Achieving Political Consensus
• The Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee
• The Road from Rio to Berlin
• The Road from Berlin to Kyoto
• COP 3, Kyoto (December 1–10, 1997)
• The FCCC and the Kyoto Protocol: Basic Provisions
• The 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change
• The 1997 Kyoto Protocol
• COP 4, Buenos Aires (November 2–13, 1998)
• Notes
• 11. Lapsed Leadership: U.S. International Environmental Policy Since Rio
• Weakened U.S. Policy on Biodiversity and Climate Change
• The Convention on Biological Diversity
• Climate Change
• Explaining Weak U.S. Leadership on Biodiversity and Climate Change
• Climate Change: Easily Explained Failure
• Biodiversity: Partisanship, Senate Rules, and Weak Connections to Human Health and Welfare
• Conclusion
• Notes
• IV. Sustainable Development: National Cases and Controversies
• 12. The Dutch National Plan for Sustainable Society
• History and Content of the 1989 National Environmental Policy Plan
• Some Core Features of the Dutch Political System
• The Development of Dutch Environmental Policy
• The Immediate Predecessors of the NEPP
• The 1989 NEPP
• The Reception of the NEPP
• Follow-up and Achievements of the NEPP
• Major Follow-up Plans
• Achievements and Persistent Problems
• An Assessment of the NEPP Approach
• The International Impact of the NEPP Approach
• Conclusion
• Notes
• 13. Democracy and Nuclear Power in the Czech Republic
• Energy Policy in Central and Eastern Europe
• The Eastern Movement of Nuclear Power
• Sustainable Development and the Environment
• From Communism to a Free Market
• Embracing Sustainable Development
• Energy Policy
• The Road to Temelin
• The Decision to Upgrade
• The U.S. Role
• Problems at Temelin
• The Tide Turns
• Government and Regulation
• EU Membership as a Force for Change
• Building Democracy and Environmental Protection Through Public Participation
• Accountability
• Accessibility of Information
• The Relationship Between Czech Political Culture and Temelin
• Notes
• 14. The Three Gorges Dam and the Issue of Sustainable Development in China
• The Three Gorges Dam and Sustainable Development
• Sustainable Development or Degradation?
• Land Usage and Pollution
• Population Relocation and Popular Input
• Continuing the Debate
• Notes
• 15. Mining, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development in Indonesia
• Mining, the Environment, and Development
• Mining′s Potential Environmental Impacts
• Mining and Industrial Development
• Indonesia′s Structure for Environmental Protection
• The Implementation Record
• The Role of Large Companies in Achieving Environmental Protection
• Mining and Sustainable Development
• Mining: A Temporary Use or Long-Term Threat
• Notes
• Index