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• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1. Muscle Fibers, Motor Units, and Motoneurons
• Muscle Heterogeneity
• Orderly Motor Unit Recruitment
• Smaller Motoneurons Are More Excitable
• Membrane Resistivity and Motoneuron Size
• Other Factors Determining Action Potential Generation
• Role of the Axon Initial Segment
• Minimal Firing Rates and Afterhyperpolarization Durations
• Motoneuron Current–Frequency Relationship and Excitability
• Spike Frequency Adaptation
• Motoneuron Persistent Inward Currents (PICs)
• Summary
• 2. Motor Unit Recruitment During Different Types of Movements
• Measuring Human Motor Unit Recruitment
• Influence of Task
• Synergists
• Influence of Pain on Motor Unit Recruitment
• Slow Ramp-and-Hold Isometric Contractions
• Maintained Isometric Contractions
• Isometric Contractions in Various Directions
• Isometric Contractions Versus Movements
• Ballistic Contractions
• Lengthening Contractions
• Cocontraction of Agonists and Antagonists
• Unilateral Versus Bilateral Contractions
• Maximal Voluntary Contractions
• Muscle Histochemistry to Investigate Rhythmic Complex Contractions
• Summary
• 3. Muscle Blood Flow and Metabolism
• Muscle Blood Flow
• Muscle Metabolism
• Summary
• 4. Peripheral Factors in Neuromuscular Fatigue
• Fatigue as Interference With the Contractile Machinery
• Failure of Impulse Propagation Along the Muscle Fiber Membrane
• Peripheral Fatigue Sites Other Than Muscle Membrane and Contractile Machinery
• Research From Animal Experiments
• Summary
• 5. Central Factors in Neuromuscular Fatigue
• Motoneuron Activity During Sustained Contractions
• Isometric Versus Anisometric Tasks
• Rotation of Motor Units?
• Summary
• 6. Muscular Mechanisms in Aerobic Endurance Training
• Chronic Muscle Stimulation
• Coordination of Muscle Protein Systems
• Pretranslational Control
• Translational Control
• Posttranslational Modifications
• Mitochondrial Responses
• Simultaneous Expression of Isoforms
• Adaptations Can Occur Ex Vivo
• Adaptations Appear in a Specific Sequence
• Thresholds of Activity for Adaptation
• Chronic Stimulation and Atrophy
• Metabolic Signals and the Adaptive Response
• Summary
• 7. Neural Mechanisms in Aerobic Endurance Training
• Adaptation of the Neuromuscular Junction
• Responses of Motoneurons
• Adaptations of Spinal Cord Circuits
• Summary
• 8. Muscle Molecular Mechanisms in Resistance Training
• Acute Responses in Protein Synthesis and Degradation
• Connective Tissue Responses
• Role of Muscle Damage
• Role of Dietary Supplements
• Summary
• 9. Muscle Property Changes in Resistance Training
• Increased Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area
• Fiber Type Composition
• Muscle Fiber Number
• Muscle Composition
• Muscle Architecture
• Muscle Fiber Ultrastructure
• Tendons
• Evoked Isometric Contractile Properties
• Changes in Muscle Force, Velocity, and Power
• Fatigue Resistance
• Role of Eccentric Contractions
• Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training: Detrimental to Strength Development?
• Summary
• 10. Neural Mechanisms in Resistance Training
• Gains in Strength Versus Muscle Girth
• Strength Gains Show Task Specificity
• Surface EMG Response During MVC
• Imaginary Strength Training
• Reflex Adaptations
• Cross Education
• Decreased Activation of Antagonists
• Changes in Motor Unit Recruitment
• Supraspinal Changes
• Summary
• 11. Clinical Considerations Concerning Neuromuscular Exercise and Training
• Effects of Exercise on Neuromuscular Aging
• Effects of Exercise Training in Stroke Patients
• Physical Activity and Fibromyalgia
• Exercise and Dementia
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• Summary
• References
• Index
• About the Author