Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• About the Authors
• 1. Concept of Crop Ecology
• Ecology deals with
• 2. Historical Developments
• Why it is important to study ecology?
• 3. Levels in Ecological Organization
• Levels of study of Ecology
• 3.1 Divisions of Plant Ecology
• Autecology
• Synecology
• 4. Crop Ecology
• 4.1 Principles and Basic Elements of Crop Ecology
• Ecological principles
• Ecological processes
• Mechanisms
• Basic concepts of ecology
• What makes agro-ecology distinct?
• Elements of agro-ecology (FAO)
• 5. Plant Distribution and Adaptations
• Theories of discontinuous distribution
• Factors affecting distribution of species
• Distribution of major crop groups in the world
• 5.1. Plant Adaptations
• Adaptations of hydrophytes
• Adaptations of meso-phytes
• Adaptations of xerophytes
• Adaptations of plants growing in high altitudes
• Adaptations in relation to soil
• Adaptations induced by light
• 6. Agro-Climatic Zones of India
• Agro-ecological Zones of India
• 7. Ecosystem
• 7.1 Functions of an ecosystem
• 7.2 Food Chain
• 7.3 Ecological pyramids
• 7.4 Types of ecosystem
• 1 Aquatic ecosystem:
• 2 Terrestrial ecosystem:
• 8. Bio-Geochemical Cycles
• 1 Carbon cycle:
• 2 Oxygen cycle:
• 3 Water cycle:
• 4 Nitrogen cycle:
• 5 Phosphorous cycle:
• 6 Sulphur cycle:
• 9. Ecological Succession
• Causes of Succession
• Basic types of succession
• General process of succession
• Theories of Climax
• Characteristics of a climax community
• 10. Competition in Crop Plants
• Plant competition
• I. Intra-specific competition
• II. Inter-specific competition
• Parameters to measure plant competition mechanisms
• Competition Indices
• 11. Environmental Pollution
• 1. Air pollution
• Types of particulates
• What happens to pollutants in the atmosphere?
• Effects of air pollution
• Legal aspects of air pollution control in India
• 2. Water pollution
• The state of India’s rivers
• Management of water pollution
• 3. Soil pollution
• Management of soil pollution:
• 4. Noise pollution
• Decibel levels of common sounds
• Effects of noise pollution on physical health
• Noise Control techniques
• 5. Thermal pollution
• 12. Ecological Factors Affecting Crop Production
• 1. Internal factors (Genetic factors)
• 2. External factors
• a Climatic Factors
• 1. Precipitation
• 2 Temperature
• 3 Atmospheric Humidity (Relative Humidity – RH)
• 4 Solar radiation (without which life will not exist)
• 5 Wind velocity
• 6 Tmospheric gases on plant growth
• B Edaphic Factors (soil)
• 1. Soil moisture
• 2. Soil air
• 3. Soil temperature
• 4. Soil mineral matter
• 5. Soil organic matter
• 6. Soil organisms
• 7. Soil reaction (pH)
• C Biotic Factors
• 1. Plants
• 2. Animals
• D Physiographic factors:
• E Socio-economic factors
• 13. Ecology of Cropping System
• A Principles of agro-ecology
• B Bio diversification of agro-ecosystems for sustainable cropping system
• C Importance of sustainable agro-ecosystems
• D Ecology of legume based cropping systems
• i Legume based cropping systems could help to
• ii Complimentary benefits of legume cropping systems
• E Ecological sustainability through crop rotations
• i Impacts of sustainable crop rotations on soil quality
• iii Using cover crops to enhance crop rotations
• F Benefits of cover crops in crop rotations
• i Contributions of cover crops to weed management
• Sum up
• 14. Response of Crops to Light, Temperature and CO2 on Growth and Development
• A Solar radiation and crop response
• i Reflection, transmission and absorption of light
• ii Factors influencing radiation distribution with in plant canopy
• 6 Leaf area index
• B Carbon dioxide and crop response
• i Green house effects (GHC)
• ii Soil carbon and its influence on climate change
• iii CO2 and plant growth
• iv CO2 and photosynthesis
• v CO2 and water use efficiency(WUE)
• vi CO2 and radiation use efficiency (RUE)
• vii Management strategies for CO2
• C Temperature and crop response
• i Crops response to temperature
• ii Temperature extremes in climate
• iii Sum up
• D Vertical distribution of temperature in earth’s atmosphere
• 15. Ecological Basis for Environmental Management
• Guiding principles
• 16. Environmental Manipulation through Agronomic Measures
• Soil physical environment modification
• Soil chemical environment modification
• Soil biological environment modification
• Soil microflora:
• 17. Improvement of Unproductive Lands Through Crop Selection and Management
• Reasons for development of unproductive lands
• Ways to improve unproductive lands
• Different unproductive lands and their management
• I Salt-affected soils
• Reclamation techniques in salt affected soils
• 1 Soil working:
• 2 Planting methods:
• 3 Silvi-pastoral model:
• 4 Choice of suitable species:
• Developmental techniques
• Success story of bamboo and anjan grass based agroforestry system for enhancing the productivity of ravines
• IV Coastal lands
• V Hot desert and shifting sand dunes
• Improvement techniques
• Afforestation effects on soil quality of sand dunes
• VI Cold deserts
• Characteristics of cold desert
• VII Mined spoils
• VIII Denuded hill slopes
• IX Land slips and land slides
• The main causes of landslides are
• Developmental techniques
• Conclusion
• 18. Effect of Climate Change on Crop Production
• Important weather extremes and their impact at global level
• Climate change and agriculture
• Main projections for climate change at global level:
• Projected impact on Asia
• Observed changes in climate and weather events in India Surface temperature
• Rainfall
• Extreme weather events
• Rise in sea level
• Impacts on Himalayan glaciers
• Annual mean surface temperature
• Impacts on water resources
• Impacts on agriculture and food production
• Impacts on health
• Impacts on forests
• Impacts on coastal areas
• Impacts on biodiversity
• Vulnerability to extreme events
• Impacts on pests
• Impact of climate change on diseases
• Some current actions for adaptation and mitigation in India
• Programmes
• India’s policy structure relevant to GHG mitigation
• Coping options for farmers awareness on climate change
• An insurance product based on a Weather Index:
• Conclusion
• 19. Exploitation of Solar Energy in Agriculture
• Solar energy-powered water pumps
• Water and space heating
• Crops and grain drying
• Green house heating
• Remote supply of electricity
• Cooling applications
• Solar cooking
• Solar-distillation
• Conclusion
• References