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• Introduction
• About This Book
• Foolish Assumptions
• Icons Used in This Book
• Beyond the Book
• Where to Go from Here
• Part I: Getting Started with Biomechanics
• Chapter 1: Jumping Into Biomechanics
• Analyzing Movement with Biomechanics
• Mechanics
• Bio
• Expanding on Mechanics
• Describing motion with kinematics
• Causing motion with kinetics
• Putting Biomechanics to Work
• Chapter 2: Reviewing the Math You Need for Biomechanics
• Getting Orientated
• Brushing Up on Algebra
• Following the order of operations
• Defining some math operations
• Isolating a variable
• Interpreting proportionality
• Looking for the Hypotenuse
• Using the Pythagorean theorem
• De-tricking trigonometric functions: SOH CAH TOA
• Unvexing Vector Quantities
• Resolving a vector into components
• Composing a vector from components
• Chapter 3: Speaking the Language of Biomechanics
• Measuring Scalars and Vectors
• Standardizing a Reference Frame
• Directing your attention to locations of the body
• Referencing planes and axes
• Describing Movement: Kinematics
• Typecasting motion: Linear, angular, and general
• Describing how far: Distance and displacement
• Describing how fast: Speed and velocity
• Changing velocity: Acceleration
• Pushing and Pulling into Kinetics
• Forcing yourself to understand Newton’s laws of motion
• Using the impulse–momentum relationship
• Working with Energy and Power
• Mechanical work
• Mechanical energy
• Mechanical power
• Turning Force into Torque
• Dealing with Measurement Units
• Using the Neuromusculoskeletal System to Move
• The skeletal system
• The muscular system
• The nervous system
• Part II: Looking At Linear Mechanics
• Chapter 4: Making Motion Change: Force
• Pushing and Pulling: What Is Force?
• Working with Force Vectors
• Using the force components to find the resultant
• Resolving a force into components
• Classifying Forces
• Contact and noncontact forces
• Internal and external forces
• Feeling the Pull of Gravity
• Slipping, Sliding, and Staying Put: Friction Is FµN
• Materials do matter: The coefficient of friction(µ)
• Squeezing to stick: Normal reaction force(N)
• Chapter 5: Describing Linear Motion: Linear Kinematics
• Identifying Position
• Describing How Far a Body Travels
• Distance
• Displacement
• Describing How Fast a Body Travels
• Speed
• Velocity
• Momentum
• Speeding Up or Slowing Down: Acceleration
• Constant acceleration
• Projectile motion
• Chapter 6: Causing Linear Motion: Linear Kinetics
• Clarifying Net Force and Unbalanced Force
• Newton’s First Law: The Law of Inertia
• Newton’s Third Law: The Law of Equal and Opposite Action–Reaction
• Newton’s Second Law: The Law of Acceleration
• Deriving the impulse–momentum relationship from the law of acceleration
• Applying the impulse–momentum relationship for movement analysis
• Chapter 7: Looking At Force and Motion Another Way: Work, Energy, and Power
• Working with Force
• Energizing Movement
• Kinetic energy
• Potential energy
• Conserving Mechanical Energy
• Powering Better Performance
• The Work–Energy Relationship
• Part III: Investigating Angular Mechanics
• Chapter 8: Twisting and Turning: Torques and Moments of Force
• Defining Torque
• Lining up for rotation: The moment arm of a force
• Calculating the turning effect of a force
• Measuring Torque
• Muscling into torque: How muscles serve as torque generators
• Resisting torque: External torques on the body
• Expanding on Equilibrium: Balanced Forces and Torques
• Locating the Center of Gravity of a Body
• Chapter 9: Angling into Rotation: Angular Kinematics
• Measuring Angular Position
• Describing How Far a Body Rotates
• Angular distance
• Angular displacement
• Describing How Fast a Body Rotates
• Angular speed
• Angular velocity
• Speeding Up or Slowing Down: Angular Acceleration
• Relating Angular Motion to Linear Motion
• Angular displacement and linear displacement
• Angular velocity and linear velocity
• Angular acceleration and linear acceleration
• Chapter 10: Causing Angular Motion: Angular Kinetics
• Resisting Angular Motion: The Moment of Inertia
• The moment of inertia of a segment
• The moment of inertia of the whole body
• Considering Angular Momentum
• Angular momentum of a rigid body
• Angular momentum of the human body when individual segments rotate
• A New Angle on Newton: Angular Versions of Newton’s Laws
• Maintaining angular momentum: Newton’s first law
• Changing angular momentum: Newton’s second law
• Equal but opposite: Newton’s third law
• Changing Angular Momentum with Angular Impulse
• Chapter 11: Fluid Mechanics
• Buoyancy: Floating Along
• Considering Force Due to Motion in Fluid
• Causing drag in a fluid
• Causing lift in a fluid
• Part IV: Analyzing the “Bio” of Biomechanics
• Chapter 12: Stressing and Straining: The Mechanics of Materials
• Visualizing Internal Loading of a Body
• Applying Internal Force: Stress
• Normal stress
• Shear stress
• Responding to Internal Force: Strain
• Determining tensile strain
• Determining compressive strain
• Determining shear strain
• Straining from Stress: The Stress–Strain Relationship
• Give and go: Behaving elastically
• Give and stay: Behaving plastically
• Chapter 13: Boning Up on Skeletal Biomechanics
• What the Skeletal System Does
• How Bones Are Classified
• The Materials and Structure of Bones
• Materials: What bones are made of
• Structure: How bones are organized
• Connecting Bones: Joints
• Immovable joints
• Slightly movable joints
• Freely movable joints
• Growing and Changing Bone
• Changing bone dimensions
• Stressing bone: The effects of physical activity and inactivity
• Chapter 14: Touching a Nerve: Neural Considerations in Biomechanics
• Monitoring and Controlling the Body: The Roles of the Nervous System
• Outlining the Nervous System
• The central nervous system
• The peripheral nervous system
• Zeroing In on Neurons
• Parts of neurons
• Types of neurons
• Controlling Motor Units
• Motor unit recruitment
• Rate coding
• Chapter 15: Muscling Segments Around: Muscle Biomechanics
• Characterizing Muscle
• Seeing How Skeletal Muscles Are Structured
• The macrostructure of muscles
• The microstructure of muscle fibers
• Comparing Types of Muscle Activity
• Isometric activity
• Concentric activity
• Eccentric activity
• Producing Muscle Force
• Relating muscle length and tension
• Relating muscle velocity and tension
• Stretching before Shortening: The Key to Optimal Muscle Force
• Part V: Applying Biomechanics
• Chapter 16: Eyeballing Performance: Qualitative Analysis
• Serving as a Movement Analyst
• Evaluating the Performance
• Identifying the goal of the movement
• Specifying the mechanical objective
• Determining whether the goal has been reached
• Troubleshooting the Performance
• Constraints on performance
• Technique errors
• Pitching by the phases
• Intervening to Improve the Performance
• Adapting the constraints on throwing performance
• Refining technique
• Chapter 17: Putting a Number on Performance: Quantitative Analysis
• Converting Continuous Data to Numbers
• Measuring Kinematics: Motion-Capture Systems
• Collecting kinematic data
• Processing kinematic data
• Measuring Kinetics: Force Platform Systems
• Collecting kinetic data
• Processing kinetic data
• Recording Muscle Activity: Electromyography
• Collecting the electromyogram
• Processing the electromyogram
• Chapter 18: Furthering Biomechanics: Research Applications
• Exercising in Space
• Repairing the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
• Running Like Our Ancestors
• Protecting Our Beans: Helmet Design
• Balancing on Two Legs: Harder Than You Think
• Chapter 19: Investigating Forensic Biomechanics: How Did It Happen?
• Collecting Information for a Forensic Biomechanics Analysis
• Witness accounts
• Police incident investigation reports
• Medical records
• Determining the Mechanism of Injury
• Evaluating Different Scenarios
• Ending up on the far side of the road
• Landing in water with a broken jaw
• Part VI: The Part of Tens
• Chapter 20: Ten Online Resources for Biomechanics
• The Exploratorium
• The Physics Classroom
• Coaches Info
• Textbook-Related Websites
• Topend Sports
• Dr. Mike Marshall’s Pitching Coach Services
• Waterloo’s Dr. Spine, Stuart McGill
• Skeletal Bio Lab
• Biomch-L
• American Society of Biomechanics
• Chapter 21: Ten Things You May Not Know about Biomechanics
• Looking at How Biomechanics Got Its Start
• Adding Realism to Entertainment
• Developing Safer Motor Vehicles
• Improving the On-Shelf Quality of Fruits and Vegetables
• Fitting Footwear to the Activity
• Banning Biomechanically Improved Sport Techniques
• Re-Creating Dinosaurs
• Designing Universally and Ergonomically
• Giving a Hand to Prosthetics Design
• Losing Weight to Help Your Joints
• Chapter 22: Ten Ways to Succeed in Your Biomechanics Course
• Go to Class and Ask Questions
• Read the Textbook
• Do the Problems and Review Questions at the End of the Chapter
• Create Flashcards
• Go to Office Hours
• Form a Study Group with Classmates
• Accept and Apply Newton as the Foundation of Movement Analysis
• Talk Fluent Biomechanics with Your Classmates
• Volunteer for Research Projects
• Attend a Biomechanics Conference
• About the Author
• Cheat Sheet
• More Dummies Products