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• Cover
• Half Title
• Title
• Copyright
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 The Study of Gender
• Headline: “What’s the Matter With Men?” The New Yorker January 23, 2023
• History of the Study of Sex Differences in Psychology
• The Study of Individual Differences
• Psychoanalysis
• The Development of Women’s Studies
• The History of Feminist Movements
• Sex or Gender?
• Women in Psychology
• The Appearance of the Men’s Movement
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Glossary
• Suggested Readings
• Bibliography
• 2 Researching Sex and Gender
• Headline: “Does Gender Matter?” Nature, July 13, 2006
• How Science Developed
• Approaches to Research
• Quantitative Research Methods
• Qualitative Research Methods
• Researchers’ Choices
• Gender Bias in Research
• Sources of Bias
• Ways to Deal With Bias in Science
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 3 Gender Stereotypes: Masculinity and Femininity
• Headline: “These Robots Were Trained on AI. They Became Racist and Sexist.” The Washington Post, July 16, 2022
• History of Stereotypes of Women and Men
• The Cult of True Womanhood
• Masculinities
• Conceptualizing and Measuring Masculinity and Femininity
• Explicit Measures of Stereotyping
• Implicit Measures of Stereotyping
• The Process and Implications of Stereotyping
• Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
• Perceptions of Women and Men
• Development of Stereotypes in Children
• Negative Effects of Stereotyping
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 4 Hormones and Chromosomes
• Headline: “The Myth of Biological Sex” Forbes June 15, 2020
• The Endocrine System and Steroid Hormones
• Sexual Differentiation
• Chromosomes
• Prenatal Development of Male and Female Physiology
• Changes During Puberty
• Variations in Sexual Development
• Hormones and Behavior Instability
• Premenstrual Syndrome
• Testosterone and Aggression
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 5 Theories of Gender Development
• Headline: “Code Pink” Mother Jones, September/October 2009
• The Psychodynamic Approach to Gender Development
• Freud’s View of Gender Identity Development
• Horney’s Theory of Gender
• Contemporary Psychodynamic Theories of Gender Development
• Social Learning Theory and Gender
• Cognitive Theories of Gender Development
• Cognitive Developmental Theory
• Gender Schema Theory
• Which Theory Is Best?
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 6 Developing Gender Identity
• Headline: “As More Transgender Children Seek Medical Care, Families Confront Many Unknowns” Reuters, October 6, 2022
• Gender Identity Development
• Development During Childhood
• Later Development
• Influences on Gender Identity Development
• Biological Factors and Gender Development
• Family Environment and Gender Development
• Peers and Gender Development
• The Media and Gender Development
• Gender Bias in the Media
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 7 Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities
• Headline: “The Myth of Gender Differences in Intelligence” Meer, August 24, 2019
• Cognitive Abilities
• Verbal Performance
• Mathematical and Quantitative Performance
• Spatial Performance
• Other Cognitive Abilities
• Source of the Differences
• Biological Evidence for Gender Differences in Cognitive Abilities
• Evidence for Other Sources of Gender Differences
• Implications of Gender-Related Differences
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 8 Emotion
• Headline: “Women Aren’t More Emotional Than Men, New Study Finds” The Telegraph, November 19, 2021
• Gender in the Experience and Expression of Emotion
• The Myth of Maternal Instinct
• The Prominence of Male Aggression
• Expressivity and Emotion
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 9 Relationships
• Headline: “How Online Dating Changed the Way We Fall in Love” The Guardian, February 13, 2022
• Friendships
• Development of Styles
• Friendships Over the Life Span
• Flexibility of Styles
• Love Relationships
• Dating
• Marriage and Committed Relationships
• Dissolving Relationships
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Glossary
• Suggested Readings
• 10 Sexuality
• Headline: “How to End to War Over Sex Ed” Time Atlantic, April 6, 2009
• Headline: “The Sex Ed Wars Will Never End” Politico, May 11, 2022
• The Study of Sexuality
• Sex Surveys
• Masters’ and Johnson’s Approach
• Childhood Sexuality: Exploration and Abuse
• Heterosexuality
• During Adolescence
• During Adulthood
• LGBTQ Sexual Orientations
• Understanding Non-Heterosexual Sexual Orientation
• During Adolescence
• During Adulthood
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 11 School
• Headline: “Why American Boys Are Failing at School—And Men Are Losing in Life” New York Post, October 1, 2022
• The School Experience
• Early Schooling
• Changes During Middle School
• High School
• College and Professional School
• Achievement
• Achievement Motivation
• Fear of Success
• Self-Esteem and Self-Confidence
• Attributions for Success and Failure
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 12 Careers and Work
• Headline: “Pandemic Will ‘Take Our Women 10 Years Back’ in the Workplace” New York Times, September 26, 2020, updated July 29, 2021
• Careers
• Career Expectations and Gender Stereotyping
• Career Opportunities
• Gender Issues at Work
• Gender Segregation on the Job
• Gender, Communication, and Power in the Workplace
• Sexual Harassment at Work
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 13 Health and Fitness
• Headline: “Here’s Why American Men Die Younger Than Women on Average and How to Fix It” CNBC, March 21, 2023
• Mortality: No Equal Opportunity
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Cancer
• Violent Deaths
• The Healthcare System
• Gender Roles and Health Care
• Reproductive Health
• Gender, Lifestyle, and Health
• Eating
• Exercise and Fitness
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 14 Stress, Coping, and Psychopathology
• Headline: “Levels of Stress, Anxiety and Sadness Among Women Are at a 10-Year High, Survey Shows” USA TODAY, September 23, 2022
• Stress and Coping
• Sources of Stress for Men and Women
• Coping Resources and Strategies
• Diagnoses of Mental Disorders
• The DSM Classification System
• Gender Inequity in the Diagnosis of Mental Disorders
• Gender Comparisons in Psychopathology
• Depression
• Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
• Anxiety Disorders
• Other Disorders
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 15 Treatment for Mental Disorders
• Headline: “Why Women With Serious Mental Illness Often Get Worse Care Than Men” Seattle Times, September 16, 2022
• Approaches to Therapy
• Psychoanalysis
• Humanistic Therapy
• Cognitive Therapy
• Behavior Modification
• Medical Therapies
• Accusations of Gender Bias in Therapy
• Gender Issues in Therapy
• Feminist Therapy
• Therapy With Men
• Gender-Sensitive Therapies
• Sexual Exploitation in Therapy
• Self-Help Movements
• Online Support Groups
• Gender Issues in Self-Help
• Considering Diversity
• Summary
• Bibliography
• 16 How Different?
• Headline: “Equal Rights for Women and Girls: The Role of Men and Boys” Council of Europe Newsroom, March 8, 2023
• What Do Women Want? What Do Men Want?
• Have Women Become More Like Men?
• Why Can’t a Man Be More Like a Woman?
• Multiple Roles Have Become the Rule
• Where Are the Differences?
• Differences in Ability
• Differences in Choices
• Is a Peace Plan Possible?
• Summary
• Bibliography
• Name Index
• Subject Index