Efnisyfirlit

• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• About the Author
• Enthusiastic Comments About Computer Networks and Internets
• More Comments About Computer Networks and Internets
• Other Books By Douglas Comer
• Part I: Introduction and Internet Applications
• Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview
• 1.1 Growth of Computer Networking
• 1.2 Why Networking Seems Complex
• 1.3 The Five Key Aspects of Networking
• 1.3.1 Network Applications and Network Programming
• 1.3.2 Data Communications
• 1.3.3 Packet Switching and Networking Technologies
• 1.3.4 Internetworking With TCP/IP
• 1.3.5 Additional Networking Concepts and Technologies
• 1.4 Public And Private Parts Of The Internet
• 1.4.1 Public Network
• 1.4.2 Private Network
• 1.5 Networks, Interoperability, and Standards
• 1.6 Protocol Suites and Layering Models
• 1.7 How Data Passes Through Layers
• 1.8 Headers and Layers
• 1.9 ISO and the OSI Seven Layer Reference Model
• 1.10 Remainder of the Text
• 1.11 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 2: Internet Trends
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Resource Sharing
• 2.3 Growth of the Internet
• 2.4 From Resource Sharing To Communication
• 2.5 From Text To Multimedia
• 2.6 Recent Trends
• 2.7 From Individual Computers To Cloud Computing
• 2.8 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 3: Internet Applications and Network Programming
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Two Basic Internet Communication Paradigms
• 3.2.1 Stream Transport in the Internet
• 3.2.2 Message Transport in The Internet
• 3.3 Connection-Oriented Communication
• 3.4 The Client-Server Model of Interaction
• 3.5 Characteristics of Clients and Servers
• 3.6 Server Programs and Server-Class Computers
• 3.7 Requests, Responses, and Direction of Data Flow
• 3.8 Multiple Clients and Multiple Servers
• 3.9 Server Identification and Demultiplexing
• 3.10 Concurrent Servers
• 3.11 Circular Dependencies Among Servers
• 3.12 Peer-To-Peer Interactions
• 3.13 Network Programming and the Socket API
• 3.14 Sockets, Descriptors, and Network I/O
• 3.15 Parameters and the Socket API
• 3.16 Socket Calls in a Client and Server
• 3.17 Socket Functions Used By Both Client and Server
• 3.17.1 The Socket Function
• 3.17.2 The Send Function
• 3.17.3 The Recv Function
• 3.17.4 Read and Write With Sockets
• 3.17.5 The Close Function
• 3.18 The Connect Function Used Only By a Client
• 3.19 Socket Functions Used Only By a Server
• 3.19.1 The Bind Function
• 3.19.2 The Listen Function
• 3.19.3 The Accept Function
• 3.20 Socket Functions Used with the Message Paradigm
• 3.20.1 Sendto and Sendmsg Socket Functions
• 3.20.2 Recvfrom and Recvmsg Functions
• 3.21 Other Socket Functions
• 3.22 Sockets, Threads, and Inheritance
• 3.23 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 4: Traditional Internet Applications
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Application-Layer Protocols
• 4.3 Representation and Transfer
• 4.4 Web Protocols
• 4.5 Document Representation with HTML
• 4.6 Uniform Resource Locators and Hyperlinks
• 4.7 Web Document Transfer with HTTP
• 4.8 Caching in Browsers
• 4.9 Browser Architecture
• 4.10 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• 4.11 FTP Communication Paradigm
• 4.12 Electronic Mail
• 4.13 The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• 4.14 ISPs, Mail Servers, and Mail Access
• 4.15 Mail Access Protocols (POP, IMAP)
• 4.16 Email Representation Standards (RFC2822, MIME)
• 4.17 Domain Name System (DNS)
• 4.18 Domain Names that Begin with a Service Name
• 4.19 The DNS Hierarchy and Server Model
• 4.20 Name Resolution
• 4.21 Caching in DNS Servers
• 4.22 Types of DNS Entries
• 4.23 Aliases and CNAME Resource Records
• 4.24 Abbreviations and the DNS
• 4.25 Internationalized Domain Names
• 4.26 Extensible Representations (XML)
• 4.27 Summary
• Exercises
• Part II: Data Communications Basics
• Chapter 5: Overview of Data Communications
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 The Essence of Data Communications
• 5.3 Motivation and Scope of the Subject
• 5.4 The Conceptual Pieces of a Communications System
• 5.5 The Subtopics of Data Communications
• 5.6 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 6: Information Sources and Signals
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Information Sources
• 6.3 Analog and Digital Signals
• 6.4 Periodic and Aperiodic Signals
• 6.5 Sine Waves and Signal Characteristics
• 6.6 Composite Signals
• 6.7 The Importance of Composite Signals and Sine Functions
• 6.8 Time and Frequency Domain Representations
• 6.9 Bandwidth of An Analog Signal
• 6.10 Digital Signals and Signal Levels
• 6.11 Baud and Bits Per Second
• 6.12 Converting a Digital Signal To Analog
• 6.13 The Bandwidth of a Digital Signal
• 6.14 Synchronization and Agreement About Signals
• 6.15 Line Coding
• 6.16 Manchester Encoding Used in Computer Networks
• 6.17 Converting an Analog Signal to Digital
• 6.18 The Nyquist Theorem and Sampling Rate
• 6.19 Nyquist Theorem and Telephone System Transmission
• 6.20 Nonlinear Encoding
• 6.21 Encoding and Data Compression
• 6.22 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 7: Transmission Media
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Guided and Unguided Transmission
• 7.3 A Taxonomy By Forms of Energy
• 7.4 Background Radiation and Electrical Noise
• 7.5 Twisted Pair Copper Wiring
• 7.6 Shielding: Coaxial Cable and Shielded Twisted Pair
• 7.7 Categories of Twisted Pair Cable
• 7.8 Media Using Light Energy and Optical Fibers
• 7.9 Types of Fiber and Light Transmission
• 7.10 Optical Fiber Compared to Copper Wiring
• 7.11 Infrared Communication Technologies
• 7.12 Point-To-Point Laser Communication
• 7.13 Electromagnetic (Radio) Communication
• 7.14 Signal Propagation
• 7.15 Types of Satellites
• 7.16 Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) Satellites
• 7.17 GEO Coverage of the Earth
• 7.18 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellites and Clusters
• 7.19 Tradeoffs Among Media Types
• 7.20 Measuring Transmission Media
• 7.21 The Effect of Noise on Communication
• 7.22 The Significance of Channel Capacity
• 7.23 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 8: Reliability and Channel Coding
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 The Three Main Sources of Transmission Errors
• 8.3 Effect of Transmission Errors on Data
• 8.4 Two Strategies For Handling Channel Errors
• 8.5 Block and Convolutional Error Codes
• 8.6 An Example Block Error Code: Single Parity Checking
• 8.7 The Mathematics of Block Error Codes and (n,k) Notation
• 8.8 Hamming Distance: A Measure of a Code’s Strength
• 8.9 The Hamming Distance Among Strings in a Codebook
• 8.10 The Tradeoff Between Error Detection and Overhead
• 8.11 Error Correction with Row and Column (RAC) Parity
• 8.12 The 16-Bit Checksum Used in the Internet
• 8.13 Cyclic Redundancy Codes (CRCs)
• 8.14 An Efficient Hardware Implementation Of CRC
• 8.15 Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) Mechanisms
• 8.16 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 9: Transmission Modes
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 A Taxonomy of Transmission Modes
• 9.3 Parallel Transmission
• 9.4 Serial Transmission
• 9.5 Transmission Order: Bits and Bytes
• 9.6 Timing of Serial Transmission
• 9.7 Asynchronous Transmission
• 9.8 RS-232 Asynchronous Character Transmission
• 9.9 Synchronous Transmission
• 9.10 Bytes, Blocks, and Frames
• 9.11 Isochronous Transmission
• 9.12 Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex Transmission
• 9.13 DCE and DTE Equipment
• 9.14 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 10: Modulation and Modems
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Carriers, Frequency, and Propagation
• 10.3 Analog Modulation Schemes
• 10.4 Amplitude Modulation
• 10.5 Frequency Modulation
• 10.6 Phase Shift Modulation
• 10.7 Amplitude Modulation and Shannon’s Theorem
• 10.8 Modulation, Digital Input, and Shift Keying
• 10.9 Phase Shift Keying
• 10.10 Phase Shift and a Constellation Diagram
• 10.11 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
• 10.12 Modem Hardware for Modulation and Demodulation
• 10.13 Optical and Radio Frequency Modems
• 10.14 Dialup Modems
• 10.15 QAM Applied to Dialup
• 10.16 V.32 and V.32bis Dialup Modems
• 10.17 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 11: Multiplexing and Demultiplexing(Channelization)
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 The Concept of Multiplexing
• 11.3 The Basic Types of Multiplexing
• 11.4 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
• 11.5 Using a Range of Frequencies Per Channel
• 11.6 Hierarchical FDM
• 11.7 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
• 11.8 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
• 11.9 Synchronous TDM
• 11.10 Framing Used in the Telephone System Version of TDM
• 11.11 Hierarchical TDM
• 11.12 The Problem With Synchronous TDM: Unfilled Slots
• 11.13 Statistical TDM
• 11.14 Inverse Multiplexing
• 11.15 Code Division Multiplexing
• 11.16 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 12: Access and Interconnection Technologies
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Internet Access Technology: Upstream and Downstream
• 12.3 Narrowband and Broadband Access Technologies
• 12.3.1 Narrowband Technologies
• 12.3.2 Broadband Technologies
• 12.4 The Local Loop and ISDN
• 12.5 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Technologies
• 12.6 Local Loop Characteristics and Adaptation
• 12.7 The Data Rate Of ADSL
• 12.8 ADSL Installation and Splitters
• 12.9 Cable Modem Technologies
• 12.10 The Data Rate of Cable Modems
• 12.11 Cable Modem Installation
• 12.12 Hybrid Fiber Coax
• 12.13 Access Technologies that Employ Optical Fiber
• 12.14 Head-End and Tail-End Modem Terminology
• 12.15 Wireless Access Technologies
• 12.16 High-Capacity Connections at the Internet Core
• 12.17 Circuit Termination, DSU/ CSU, and NIU
• 12.18 Telephone Standards for Digital Circuits
• 12.19 DS Terminology and Data Rates
• 12.20 Highest Capacity Circuits (STS Standards)
• 12.21 Optical Carrier Standards
• 12.22 The C Suffix
• 12.23 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)
• 12.24 Summary
• Exercises
• Part III: Packet Switching and Network Technologies
• Chapter 13: Local Area Networks: Packets, Frames, and Topologies
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Circuit Switching and Analog Communication
• 13.3 Packet Switching
• 13.4 Local and Wide Area Packet Networks
• 13.5 Standards for Packet Format and Identification
• 13.6 IEEE 802 Model and Standards
• 13.7 Point-To-Point and Multi-Access Networks
• 13.8 LAN Topologies
• 13.8.1 Bus Topology
• 13.8.2 Ring Topology
• 13.8.3 Mesh Topology
• 13.8.4 Star Topology
• 13.8.5 The Reason for Multiple Topologies
• 13.9 Packet Identification, Demultiplexing, MAC Addresses
• 13.10 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast Addresses
• 13.11 Broadcast, Multicast, and Efficient Multi-Point Delivery
• 13.12 Frames and Framing
• 13.13 Byte and Bit Stuffing
• 13.14 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 14: The IEEE MAC Sublayer
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 A Taxonomy of Mechanisms for Shared Access
• 14.3 Static and Dynamic Channel Allocation
• 14.4 Channelization Protocols
• 14.4.1 FDMA
• 14.4.2 TDMA
• 14.4.3 CDMA
• 14.5 Controlled Access Protocols
• 14.5.1 Polling
• 14.5.2 Reservation
• 14.5.3 Token Passing
• 14.6 Random Access Protocols
• 14.6.1 ALOHA
• 14.6.2 CSMA /CD
• 14.6.3 CSMA /CA
• 14.7 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 15: Wired LAN Technology (Ethernet and 802.3)
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 The Venerable Ethernet
• 15.3 Ethernet Frame Format
• 15.4 Ethernet Frame Type Field and Demultiplexing
• 15.5 IEEE’s Version of Ethernet (802.3)
• 15.6 LAN Connections and Network Interface Cards
• 15.7 Ethernet Evolution and Thicknet Wiring
• 15.8 Thinnet Ethernet Wiring
• 15.9 Twisted Pair Ethernet Wiring and Hubs
• 15.10 Physical and Logical Ethernet Topology
• 15.11 Wiring in an Office Building
• 15.12 Ethernet Data Rates and Cable Types
• 15.13 Twisted Pair Connectors and Cables
• 15.14 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 16: Wireless Networking Technologies
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 A Taxonomy Of Wireless Networks
• 16.3 Personal Area Networks (PANs)
• 16.4 ISM Wireless Bands Used By LANs and PANs
• 16.5 Wireless LAN Technologies and Wi-Fi
• 16.5 Wireless LAN Technologies and Wi-Fi
• 16.6 Spread Spectrum Techniques
• 16.7 Other Wireless LAN Standards
• 16.8 Wireless LAN Architecture
• 16.9 Overlap, Association, and 802.11 Frame Format
• 16.10 Coordination Among Access Points
• 16.11 Contention and Contention-Free Access
• 16.12 Wireless MAN Technology and WiMax
• 16.13 PAN Technologies and Standards
• 16.14 Other Short-Distance Communication Technologies
• 16.15 Wireless WAN Technologies
• 16.16 Micro Cells
• 16.17 Cell Clusters and Frequency Reuse
• 16.18 Generations of Cellular Technologies
• 16.19 VSAT Satellite Technology
• 16.20 GPS Satellites
• 16.21 Software Defined Radio and the Future of Wireless
• 16.22 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 17: Repeaters, Bridges, and Switches
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Distance Limitation and LAN Design
• 17.3 Fiber Modem Extensions
• 17.4 Repeaters
• 17.5 Bridges and Bridging
• 17.6 Learning Bridges and Frame Filtering
• 17.7 Why Bridging Works Well
• 17.8 Distributed Spanning Tree
• 17.9 Switching and Layer 2 Switches
• 17.10 VLAN Switches
• 17.11 Multiple Switches and Shared VLANs
• 17.12 The Importance of Bridging
• 17.13 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 18: WAN Technologies and Dynamic Routing
• 18.1 Introduction
• 18.2 Large Spans and Wide Area Networks
• 18.3 Traditional WAN Architecture
• 18.4 Forming A WAN
• 18.5 Store and Forward Paradigm
• 18.6 Addressing in a WAN
• 18.7 Next-Hop Forwarding
• 18.8 Source Independence
• 18.9 Dynamic Routing Updates in a WAN
• 18.10 Default Routes
• 18.11 Forwarding Table Computation
• 18.12 Distributed Route Computation
• 18.12.1 Link-State Routing (LSR)
• 18.12.2 Distance-Vector Routing (DVR)
• 18.13 Shortest Paths and Weights
• 18.14 Routing Problems
• 18.15 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 19: Networking Technologies Past and Present
• 19.1 Introduction
• 19.2 Connection and Access Technologies
• 19.2.1 Synchronous Optical Network or Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH)
• 19.2.2 Optical Carrier (OC) Circuits
• 19.2.3 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and Cable Modems
• 19.2.4 Wi-Fi and WiMAX
• 19.2.5 Very Small Aperture Satellite (VSAT)
• 19.2.6 Power Line Communication (PLC)
• 19.3 LAN Technologies
• 19.3.1 Token Ring
• 19.3.2 Fiber and Copper Distributed Data Interconnect (FDDI and CDDI)
• 19.3.3 Ethernet
• 19.4 WAN Technologies
• 19.4.1 ARPANET
• 19.4.2 X.25
• 19.4.3 Frame Relay
• 19.4.4 Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS)
• 19.4.5 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
• 19.4.6 Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Tunneling
• 19.4.7 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
• 19.4.8 Voice and Video Over IP (VoIP): SIP and H.323
• 19.4.9 Software Defined Networking (SDN) and OpenFlow
• 19.5 Summary
• Exercises
• Part IV: Internetworking
• Chapter 20: Internetworking: Concepts, Architecture, and Protocols
• 20.1 Introduction
• 20.2 The Motivation for Internetworking
• 20.3 The Concept of Universal Service
• 20.4 Universal Service in a Heterogeneous World
• 20.5 Internetworking
• 20.6 Physical Network Connection with Routers
• 20.7 Internet Architecture
• 20.8 Intranets and Internets
• 20.9 Achieving Universal Service
• 20.10 A Virtual Network
• 20.11 Protocols for Internetworking
• 20.12 Review of TCP/IP Layering
• 20.13 Host Computers, Routers, and Protocol Layers
• 20.14 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 21: IP: Internet Addressing
• 21.1 Introduction
• 21.2 The Move to IPv6
• 21.3 The Hourglass Model and Difficulty of Change
• 21.4 Addresses for the Virtual Internet
• 21.5 The IP Addressing Scheme
• 21.6 The IP Address Hierarchy
• 21.7 Original Classes of IPv4 Addresses
• 21.8 IPv4 Dotted Decimal Notation
• 21.9 Authority for Addresses
• 21.10 IPv4 Subnet and Classless Addressing
• 21.11 Address Masks
• 21.12 CIDR Notation Used With IPv4
• 21.13 A CIDR Example
• 21.14 CIDR Host Addresses
• 21.15 Special IPv4 Addresses
• 21.15.1 IPv4 Network Address
• 21.15.2 IPv4 Directed Broadcast Address
• 21.15.3 IPv4 Limited Broadcast Address
• 21.15.4 IPv4’s This Computer Address
• 21.15.5 IPv4 Loopback Address
• 21.16 Summary of Special IPv4 Addresses
• 21.17 IPv4 Berkeley Broadcast Address Form
• 21.18 Routers and the IPv4 Addressing Principle
• 21.19 Multihomed Hosts
• 21.20 IPv6 Multihoming and Network Renumbering
• 21.21 IPv6 Addressing
• 21.22 IPv6 Colon Hexadecimal Notation
• 21.23 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 22: Datagram Forwarding
• 22.1 Introduction
• 22.2 Connectionless Service
• 22.3 Virtual Packets
• 22.4 The IP Datagram
• 22.5 The IPv4 Datagram Header Format
• 22.6 The IPv6 Datagram Header Format
• 22.7 IPv6 Base Header Format
• 22.8 Forwarding an IP Datagram
• 22.9 Network Prefix Extraction and Datagram Forwarding
• 22.10 Longest Prefix Match
• 22.11 Destination Address and Next-Hop Address
• 22.12 Best-Effort Delivery
• 22.13 IP Encapsulation
• 22.14 Transmission Across an Internet
• 22.15 MTU and Datagram Fragmentation
• 22.16 Fragmentation of an IPv6 Datagram
• 22.17 Reassembly of an IP Datagram from Fragments
• 22.18 Collecting the Fragments of a Datagram
• 22.19 The Consequence of Fragment Loss
• 22.20 Fragmenting an IPv4 Fragment
• 22.21 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 23: Support Protocols and Technologies
• 23.1 Introduction
• 23.2 Address Resolution
• 23.3 An Example of IPv4 Addresses
• 23.4 The IPv4 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
• 23.5 ARP Message Format
• 23.6 ARP Encapsulation
• 23.7 ARP Caching and Message Processing
• 23.8 The Conceptual Address Boundary
• 23.9 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• 23.10 ICMP Message Format and Encapsulation
• 23.11 IPv6 Address Binding with Neighbor Discovery
• 23.12 Protocol Software, Parameters, and Configuration
• 23.13 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• 23.14 DHCP Protocol Operation and Optimizations
• 23.15 DHCP Message Format
• 23.16 Indirect DHCP Server Access through a Relay
• 23.17 IPv6 Autoconfiguration
• 23.18 Network Address Translation (NAT)
• 23.19 NAT Operation and IPv4 Private Addresses
• 23.20 Transport-Layer NAT (NAPT)
• 23.21 NAT and Servers
• 23.22 NAT Software and Systems for Use at Home
• 23.23 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 24: UDP: Datagram Transport Service
• 24.1 Introduction
• 24.2 Transport Protocols and End-To-End Communication
• 24.3 The User Datagram Protocol
• 24.4 The Connectionless Paradigm
• 24.5 Message-Oriented Interface
• 24.6 UDP Communication Semantics
• 24.7 Modes of Interaction and Multicast Delivery
• 24.8 Endpoint Identification with Protocol Port Numbers
• 24.9 UDP Datagram Format
• 24.10 The UDP Checksum and the Pseudo Header
• 24.11 UDP Encapsulation
• 24.12 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 25: TCP: Reliable Transport Service
• 25.1 Introduction
• 25.2 The Transmission Control Protocol
• 25.3 The Service TCP Provides to Applications
• 25.4 End-To-End Service and Virtual Connections
• 25.5 Techniques that Transport Protocols Use
• 25.5.1 Sequencing to Handle Duplicates and Out-of-Order Delivery
• 25.5.2 Retransmission to Handle Lost Packets
• 25.5.3 Techniques to Avoid Replay
• 25.5.4 Flow Control to Prevent Data Overrun
• 25.6 Techniques to Avoid Congestion
• 25.7 The Art of Protocol Design
• 25.8 Techniques Used in TCP to Handle Packet Loss
• 25.9 Adaptive Retransmission
• 25.10 Comparison of Retransmission Times
• 25.11 Buffers, Flow Control, and Windows
• 25.12 TCP’s Three-Way Handshake
• 25.13 TCP Congestion Control
• 25.14 Versions of TCP Congestion Control
• 25.15 Other Variations: SACK and ECN
• 25.16 TCP Segment Format
• 25.17 Summary
• EXERCISES
• Chapter 26: Internet Routing and Routing Protocols
• 26.1 Introduction
• 26.2 Static Vs. Dynamic Routing
• 26.3 Static Routing in Hosts and a Default Route
• 26.4 Dynamic Routing and Routers
• 26.5 Routing in the Global Internet
• 26.6 Autonomous System Concept
• 26.7 The Two Types of Internet Routing Protocols
• 26.7.1 Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)
• 26.7.2 Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs)
• 26.7.3 Illustration of How IGPs and EGPs are Used
• 26.7.4 Optimal Routes, Routing Metrics, and IGPs
• 26.8 Routes and Data Traffic
• 26.9 The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
• 26.10 The Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
• 26.11 RIP Packet Format
• 26.12 The Open Shortest Path First Protocol (OSPF)
• 26.13 An Example OSPF Graph
• 26.14 OSPF Areas
• 26.15 Intermediate System – Intermediate System (IS-IS)
• 26.16 Multicast Routing
• 26.16.1 IP Multicast Semantics
• 26.16.2 IGMP
• 26.16.3 Forwarding and Discovery Techniques
• 26.16.4 Multicast Protocols
• 26.17 Summary
• Exercises
• Part V: Other Networking Concepts & Technologies
• Chapter 27: Network Performance (QoS and DiffServ)
• 27.1 Introduction
• 27.2 Measures of Performance
• 27.3 Latency Or Delay
• 27.4 Capacity, Throughput, and Goodput
• 27.5 Understanding Throughput and Delay
• 27.6 Jitter
• 27.7 The Relationship between Delay and Throughput
• 27.7.1 Utilization as an Estimate of Delay
• 27.7.2 Delay-Throughput Product
• 27.8 Measuring Delay, Throughput, and Jitter
• 27.9 Passive Measurement, Small Packets, and NetFlow
• 27.10 Quality of Service (QoS)
• 27.11 Fine-Grain and Coarse-Grain QoS
• 27.11.1 Fine-Grain QoS and Flows
• 27.11.2 Coarse-Grain QoS And Classes of Service
• 27.12 Implementation of QoS
• 27.13 Internet QoS Technologies
• 27.14 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 28: Multimedia and IP Telephony (VoIP)
• 28.1 Introduction
• 28.2 Real-Time Data Transmission and Best-Effort Delivery
• 28.3 Delayed Playback and Jitter Buffers
• 28.4 Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)
• 28.5 RTP Encapsulation
• 28.6 IP Telephony
• 28.7 Signaling and VoIP Signaling Standards
• 28.8 Components of an IP Telephone System
• 28.8.1 SIP Terminology and Concepts
• 28.8.2 H.323 Terminology and Concepts
• 28.8.3 ISC Terminology and Concepts
• 28.9 Summary of Protocols and Layering
• 28.10 H.323 Characteristics
• 28.11 H.323 Layering
• 28.12 SIP Characteristics and Methods
• 28.13 An Example SIP Session
• 28.14 Telephone Number Mapping and Routing
• 28.15 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 29: Network Security
• 29.1 Introduction
• 29.2 Criminal Exploits and Attacks
• 29.3 Security Policy
• 29.4 Responsibility and Control
• 29.5 Security Technologies
• 29.6 Hashing: An Integrity and Authentication Mechanism
• 29.7 Access Control and Passwords
• 29.8 Encryption: A Fundamental Security Technique
• 29.9 Private Key Encryption
• 29.10 Public Key Encryption
• 29.11 Authentication with Digital Signatures
• 29.12 Key Authorities and Digital Certificates
• 29.13 Firewalls
• 29.14 Firewall Implementation with a Packet Filter
• 29.15 Intrusion Detection Systems
• 29.16 Content Scanning and Deep Packet Inspection
• 29.17 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
• 29.18 The Use of VPN Technology for Telecommuting
• 29.19 Packet Encryption Vs. Tunneling
• 29.20 Security Technologies
• 29.21 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 30: Network Management (SNMP)
• 30.1 Introduction
• 30.2 Managing an Intranet
• 30.3 FCAPS: The Industry Standard Model
• 30.4 Example Network Elements
• 30.5 Network Management Tools
• 30.6 Network Management Applications
• 30.7 Simple Network Management Protocol
• 30.8 SNMP’s Fetch-Store Paradigm
• 30.9 The SNMP MIB and Object Names
• 30.10 The Variety of MIB Variables
• 30.11 MIB Variables that Correspond to Arrays
• 30.12 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 31: Software Defined Networking (SDN)
• 31.1 Introduction
• 31.2 Marketing Hype and Reality
• 31.3 Motivation for a New Approach
• 31.3.1 Generalization of Element Management
• 31.3.2 Moving from Proprietary to Open Standards
• 31.3.3 Automation and Unification of Configuration
• 31.3.4 Change to Cross-Layer Control
• 31.3.5 Accommodating Data Center Virtualization
• 31.4 Conceptual Organization of a Network Element
• 31.5 Control Plane Modules and the Hardware Interface
• 31.6 A New Paradigm: Software Defined Networking
• 31.7 Unanswered Questions
• 31.8 Shared Controllers and Network Connections
• 31.9 SDN Communication
• 31.10 OpenFlow: A Controller-To-Element Protocol
• 31.11 Classification Engines in Switches
• 31.12 TCAM and High-Speed Classification
• 31.13 Classification Across Multiple Protocol Layers
• 31.14 TCAM Size and the Need for Multiple Patterns
• 31.15 Items OpenFlow Can Specify
• 31.16 Traditional and Extended IP Forwarding
• 31.17 End-To-End Path with MPLS Using Layer 2
• 31.18 Dynamic Rule Creation and Control of Flows
• 31.19 A Pipeline Model for Flow Tables
• 31.20 SDN’s Potential Effect on Network Vendors
• 31.21 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 32: The Internet of Things
• 32.1 Introduction
• 32.2 Embedded Systems
• 32.2.1 Embedded Systems in the Smart Grid
• 32.2.2 Embedded Online Security Systems
• 32.2.3 Embedded Systems in Retail
• 32.13 Summary
• 32.3 Choosing a Network Technology
• 32.4 Energy Harvesting
• 32.5 Low Power Wireless Communication
• 32.6 Mesh Topology
• 32.7 The ZigBee Alliance
• 32.8 802.15.4 Radios and Wireless Mesh Networks
• 32.9 Internet Connectivity and Mesh Routing
• 32.10 IPv6 In A ZigBee Mesh Network
• 32.11 The ZigBee Forwarding Paradigm
• 32.12 Other Protocols in the ZigBee Stack
• 32.13 Summary
• Exercises
• Chapter 33: Trends in Networking Technologies and Uses
• 33.1 Introduction
• 33.2 The Need for Scalable Internet Services
• 33.3 Content Caching (Akamai)
• 33.4 Web Load Balancers
• 33.5 Server Virtualization
• 33.6 Peer-To-Peer Communication
• 33.7 Distributed Data Centers and Replication
• 33.8 Universal Representation (XML)
• 33.9 Social Networking
• 33.10 Mobility and Wireless Networking
• 33.11 Digital Video
• 33.12 Higher-Speed Access and Switching
• 33.13 Cloud Computing
• 33.14 Overlay Networks
• 33.15 Middleware
• 33.16 Widespread Deployment of IPv6
• 33.17 Summary
• Exercises
• Appendix 1: A Simplified Application Programming Interface
• Index