Efnisyfirlit

• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• About the Authors
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Features
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1: Matter and Measurements
• 1.1 Chemistry: The Central Science
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 1.1
• 1.2 States of Matter
• 1.3 Classification of Matter
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Aspirin—A Case Study
• 1.4 Chemical Elements and Symbols
• 1.5 Chemical Reactions: Examples of Chemical Change
• 1.6 Physical Quantities: Units and Scientific Notation
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Mercury and Mercury Poisoning
• 1.7 Measuring Mass, Length, and Volume
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 1.2
• 1.8 Measurement and Significant Figures
• 1.9 Rounding Off Numbers
• 1.10 Problem Solving: Unit Conversions and Estimating Answers
• 1.11 Temperature, Heat, and Energy
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Temperature-Sensitive Materials
• 1.12 Density and Specific Gravity
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: A Measurement Example: Obesity and Body Fat
• Chapter 2: Atoms and the Periodic Table
• 2.1 Atomic Theory and the Structure of Atoms
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Are Atoms Real
• 2.2 Elements and Atomic Number
• 2.3 Isotopes and Atomic Mass
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 2.1
• 2.4 The Periodic Table
• 2.5 Some Characteristics of Different Groups
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Essential Elements and Group Chemistry
• 2.6 Electronic Structure of Atoms
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 2.2
• 2.7 Electron Configurations
• 2.8 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
• 2.9 Electron-Dot Symbols
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Atoms and Light
• Chapter 3: Ionic Compounds
• 3.1 Ions
• 3.2 Ions and the Octet Rule
• 3.3 Ions of Some Common Elements
• 3.4 Periodic Properties and Ion Formation
• 3.5 Naming Monoatomic Ions
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Salt
• 3.6 Polyatomic Ions
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Biologically Important Ions
• 3.7 Ionic Bonds
• 3.8 Formulas of Ionic Compounds
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 3.1
• 3.9 Naming Ionic Compounds
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 3.2
• 3.10 Some Properties of Ionic Compounds
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Ionic Liquids
• 3.11 H+ and OH- Ions: An Introduction to Acids and Bases
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Osteoporosis
• Chapter 4: Molecular Compounds
• 4.1 Covalent Bonds
• 4.2 Covalent Bonds and the Periodic Table
• 4.3 Multiple Covalent Bonds
• 4.4 Coordinate Covalent Bonds
• 4.5 Characteristics of Molecular Compounds
• 4.6 Molecular Formulas and Lewis Structures
• 4.7 Drawing Lewis Structures
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: CO and NO: Pollutants or Miracle Molecules?
• 4.8 The Shapes of Molecules
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: VERY Big Molecules
• 4.9 Polar Covalent Bonds and Electronegativity
• 4.10 Polar Molecules
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 4.1
• 4.11 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Damascenone by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet
• Chapter 5: Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions
• 5.1 Chemical Equations
• 5.2 Balancing Chemical Equations
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 5.1
• 5.3 Precipitation Reactions and Solubility Guidelines
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Kidney Stones: A Problem in Solubility
• 5.4 Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 5.2
• 5.5 Redox Reactions
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Batteries
• 5.6 Recognizing Redox Reactions
• 5.7 Net Ionic Equations
• Chapter 6: Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships
• 6.1 The Mole and Avogadro’s Number
• 6.2 Gram–Mole Conversions
• 6.3 Mole Relationships and Chemical Equations
• 6.4 Mass Relationships and Chemical Equations
• 6.5 Limiting Reagent and Percent Yield
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 6.1
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Anemia—A Limiting Reagent Problem?
• Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rates, and Equilibrium
• 7.1 Energy and Chemical Bonds
• 7.2 Heat Changes during Chemical Reactions
• 7.3 Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Energy from Food
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 7.1
• 7.4 Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur? Free Energy
• 7.5 How Do Chemical Reactions Occur? Reaction Rates
• 7.6 Effects of Temperature, Concentration, and Catalysts on Reaction Rates
• 7.7 Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium
• 7.8 Equilibrium Equations and Equilibrium Constants
• 7.9 Le Châtelier’s Principle: The Effect of Changing Conditions on Equilibria
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Regulation of Body Temperature
• Chapter 8: Gases, Liquids, and Solids
• 8.1 States of Matter and Their Changes
• 8.2 Intermolecular Forces
• 8.3 Gases and the Kinetic–Molecular Theory
• 8.4 Pressure
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming
• 8.5 Boyle’s Law: The Relation between Volume and Pressure
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Blood Pressure
• 8.6 Charles’s Law: The Relation between Volume and Temperature
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 8.1
• 8.7 Gay-Lussac’s Law: The Relation between Pressure and Temperature
• 8.8 The Combined Gas Law
• 8.9 Avogadro’s Law: The Relation between Volume and Molar Amount
• 8.10 The Ideal Gas Law
• 8.11 Partial Pressure and Dalton’s Law
• 8.12 Liquids
• 8.13 Solids
• 8.14 Changes of State Calculations
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: CO2 as an Environmentally Friendly Solvent
• Chapter 9: Solutions
• 9.1 Mixtures and Solutions
• 9.2 The Solution Process
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Solid Hydrates—Salt + Water
• 9.3 Solubility
• 9.4 The Effect of Temperature on Solubility
• 9.5 The Effect of Pressure on Solubility: Henry’s Law
• 9.6 Units of Concentration
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Breathing and Oxygen Transport
• 9.7 Dilution
• 9.8 Ions in Solution: Electrolytes
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Electrolytes, Fluid Replacement, and Sports Drinks
• 9.9 Properties of Solutions
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 9.1
• 9.10 Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 9.2
• 9.11 Dialysis
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Timed-Release Drug Delivery Systems
• Chapter 10: Acids and Bases
• 10.1 Acids and Bases: Definitions
• 10.2 Acid and Base Strength
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: GERD—Too Much Acid or Not Enough?
• 10.3 Acid Dissociation Constants
• 10.4 Water as Both an Acid and a ase
• 10.5 Measuring Acidity in Aqueous Solution: The pH Scale
• 10.6 Working with pH
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Acid Rain
• 10.7 Acid and Base Equivalents
• 10.8 Some Common Acid-Base Reactions
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 10.1
• 10.9 Acidity and Basicity of Salt Solutions
• 10.10 Buffer Solutions
• 10.11 Titration
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Buffers in the Body: Acidosis and Alkalosis
• Chapter 11: Nuclear Chemistry
• 11.1 Nuclear Reactions
• 11.2 The Discovery and Nature of Radioactivity
• 11.3 Stable and Unstable Isotopes
• 11.4 Nuclear Decay
• 11.5 Radioactive Half-Life
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Medical Uses of Radioactivity
• 11.6 Ionizing Radiation
• 11.7 Detecting and Measuring Radiation
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Irradiated Food
• 11.8 Artificial Transmutation
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Body Imaging
• 11.9 Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 11.1
• Chapter 12: Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
• 12.1 The Nature of Organic Molecules
• 12.2 Families of Organic Molecules: Functional Groups
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 12.1
• 12.3 The Structure of Organic Molecules: Alkanes and Their Isomers
• 12.4 Drawing Organic Structures
• 12.5 The Shapes of Organic Molecules
• 12.6 Naming Alkanes
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: How Important Can a Methyl Group Really Be
• 12.7 Properties of Alkanes
• 12.8 Reactions of Alkanes
• MASTERING REACTIONS: Organic Chemistry and the Curved Arrow Formalism
• 12.9 Cycloalkanes
• 12.10 Drawing and Naming Cycloalkanes
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Surprising Uses of Petroleum
• Chapter 13: Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds
• 13.1 Alkenes and Alkynes
• 13.2 Naming Alkenes and Alkynes
• 13.3 The Structure of Alkenes: Cis–Trans Isomerism
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 13.1
• 13.4 Properties of Alkenes and Alkynes
• 13.5 Types of Organic Reactions
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Chemistry of Vision and Color
• 13.6 Addition Reactions of Alkenes
• MASTERING REACTIONS: How Addition Reactions Occur
• 13.7 Alkene Polymers
• 13.8 Aromatic Compounds and the Structure of Benzene
• 13.9 Naming Aromatic Compounds
• 13.10 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Enediyne Antibiotics: A Newly Emerging Class of Antitumor Agents
• Chapter 14: Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen
• 14.1 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
• 14.2 Naming Alcohols
• 14.3 Properties of Alcohols
• 14.4 Reactions of Alcohols
• MASTERING REACTIONS: How Eliminations Occur
• 14.5 Phenols
• 14.6 Acidity of Alcohols and Phenols
• 14.7 Ethers
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Inhaled Anesthetics
• 14.8 Thiols and Disulfides
• 14.9 Halogen-Containing Compounds
• 14.10 Stereochemistry and Chirality
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 14.1
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Ethanol as a Toxin
• Chapter 15: Aldehydes and Ketones
• 15.1 The Carbonyl Group
• 15.2 Naming Simple Aldehydes and Ketones
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Chemical Warfare among the Insects
• 15.3 Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
• 15.4 Some Common Aldehydes and Ketones
• 15.5 Oxidation of Aldehydes
• 15.6 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
• 15.7 Addition of Alcohols: Hemiacetals and Acetals
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 15.1
• MASTERING REACTIONS: Carbonyl Additions
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: When Is Toxicity Beneficial?
• Chapter 16: Amines
• 16.1 Classifying Amines
• 16.2 Naming and Drawing Amines
• 16.3 Properties of Amines
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 16.1
• 16.4 Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds
• 16.5 Basicity of Amines
• 16.6 Amine Salts
• 16.7 Amines in Plants: Alkaloids
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Calming a Stormy Mind: Amines as Anti-Anxiety Medications
• Chapter 17: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
• 17.1 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives: Properties and Names
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 17.1
• 17.2 Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Medicinally Important Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
• 17.3 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Ester and Amide Formation
• 17.4 Hydrolysis of Esters and Amides
• 17.5 Polyamides and Polyesters
• 17.6 Phosphoric Acid Derivatives
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Medications, Body Fluids, and the “Solubility Switch
• Chapter 18: Amino Acids and Proteins
• 18.1 An Introduction to Biochemistry
• 18.2 Proteins and Their Functions: An Overview
• 18.3 Amino Acids
• 18.4 Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Protein Analysis by Electrophoresis
• 18.5 Peptides
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 18.1
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Proteins in the Diet
• 18.6 Protein Structure: An Overview and Primary Protein Structure (1°)
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: What Is Sickle-Cell Anemia
• 18.7 Secondary Protein Structure (2°)
• 18.8 Tertiary Protein Structure (3°)
• 18.9 Quaternary Protein Structure (4°)
• 18.10 Chemical Properties of Proteins
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 18.2
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Imperfect Collagen—An Unfortunate Event
• Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
• 19.1 Catalysis by Enzymes
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 19.1
• 19.2 Enzyme Cofactors
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 19.2
• 19.3 Enzyme Classification
• MASTERING REACTIONS: How to Read Biochemical Reactions
• 19.4 How Enzymes Work
• 19.5 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
• 19.6 Enzyme Regulation: Inhibition
• 19.7 Enzyme Regulation: Allosteric Control and Feedback Inhibition
• 19.8 Enzyme Regulation: Covalent Modification and Genetic Control
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Enzyme Inhibitors as Drugs
• 19.9 Vitamins, Antioxidants, and Minerals
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Vitamins, Minerals, and Food Labels
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Enzymes in Medical Diagnosis
• Chapter 20: Carbohydrates
• 20.1 An Introduction to Carbohydrates
• 20.2 Handedness of Carbohydrates and Fischer Projections
• 20.3 Structure of Glucose and Other Monosaccharides
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 20.1
• 20.4 Some Important Monosaccharides
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Cell-Surface Carbohydrates and Blood Type
• 20.5 Reactions of Monosaccharides
• 20.6 Common Disaccharides
• 20.7 Some Important Polysaccharides Based on Glucose
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Bacterial Cell Walls: Rigid Defense Systems
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 20.2
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Carbohydrates and Fiber in the Diet
• Chapter 21: The Generation of Biochemical Energy
• 21.1 Energy, Life, and Biochemical Reactions
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Plants and Photosynthesis
• 21.2 Cells and Their Structure
• 21.3 An Overview of Metabolism and Energy Production
• 21.4 Strategies of Metabolism: ATP and Energy Transfer
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Harmful Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Vitamins
• 21.5 Strategies of Metabolism: Metabolic Pathways and Coupled Reactions
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Basal Metabolism
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 21.1
• 21.6 Strategies of Metabolism: Oxidized and Reduced Coenzymes
• 21.7 The Citric Acid Cycle
• 21.8 The Electron-Transport Chain and ATP Production
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Metabolic Poisons
• Chapter 22: Carbohydrate Metabolism
• 22.1 Digestion of Carbohydrates
• 22.2 Glucose Metabolism: An Overview
• 22.3 Glycolysis
• 22.4 Entry of Other Sugars into Glycolysis
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Tooth Decay
• 22.5 The Fate of Pyruvate
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 22.1
• 22.6 Energy Output in Complete Glucose Catabolism
• 22.7 Regulation of Glucose Metabolism and Metabolism during Stress
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 22.2
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Biochemistry of Running
• 22.8 Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis
• 22.9 Gluconeogenesis: Glucose Synthesis from Noncarbohydrates
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes
• Chapter 23: Lipids
• 23.1 Structure and Classification of Lipids
• 23.2 Fatty Acids and Their Esters
• 23.3 Properties of Fats and Oils
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Lipids in the Diet
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 23.1
• 23.4 Chemical Reactions of Triacylglycerols
• 23.5 Phospholipids and Glycolipids
• 23.6 Sterols
• 23.7 Cell Membranes: Structure and Transport
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 23.2
• Chapter 24: Lipid Metabolism
• 24.1 Digestion of Triacylglycerols
• 24.2 Lipoproteins for Lipid Transport
• 24.3 Triacylglycerol Metabolism: An Overview
• 24.4 Storage and Mobilization of Triacylglycerols
• 24.5 Oxidation of Fatty Acids
• 24.6 Ketone Bodies and Ketoacidosis
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Liver—Clearinghouse for Metabolism
• 24.7 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Fat Storage, Lipids, and Atherosclerosis
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 24.1
• Chapter 25: Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
• 25.1 Digestion of Proteins
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 25.1
• 25.2 Amino Acid Metabolism: An Overview
• 25.3 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Amino Group
• 25.4 The Urea Cycle
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Gout: When Biochemistry Goes Awry
• 25.5 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Carbon Atoms
• 25.6 Biosynthesis of Nonessential Amino Acids
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Importance of Essential Amino Acids and Effects of Deficiencies
• Chapter 26: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
• 26.1 DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes
• 26.2 Composition of Nucleic Acids
• 26.3 The Structure of Nucleic Acid Chains
• 26.4 Base Pairing in DNA: The Watson–Crick Model
• 26.5 Nucleic Acids and Heredity
• 26.6 Replication of DNA
• 26.7 Structure and Function of RNA
• 26.8 Transcription: RNA Synthesis
• 26.9 The Genetic Code
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 26.1
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Influenza: Variations on a Theme
• 26.10 Translation: tRNA and Protein Synthesis
• Chapter 27: Genomics
• 27.1 Mapping the Human Genome
• 27.2 DNA and Chromosomes
• 27.3 Mutations and Polymorphisms
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 27.1
• 27.4 Recombinant DNA
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Polymerase Chain Reaction
• 27.5 Genomics: Using What We Know
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: DNA Fingerprinting
• Chapter 28: Chemical Messengers: Hormones, Neurotransmitters, and Drugs
• 28.1 Messenger Molecules
• 28.2 Hormones and the Endocrine System
• 28.3 How Hormones Work: Epinephrine and Fight-or-Flight
• 28.4 Amino Acid Derivatives, Polypeptides, and Steroid Hormones
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: Homeostasis
• 28.5 Neurotransmitters
• 28.6 How Neurotransmitters Work: Acetylcholine, Its Agonists and Antagonists
• 28.7 Histamines, Antihistamines, and Important Neurotransmitters
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 28.1
• Chapter 29: Body Fluids
• 29.1 Body Water and Its Solutes
• 29.2 Fluid Balance
• HANDS-ON CHEMISTRY 29.1
• 29.3 Blood
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: The Blood–Brain Barrier
• 29.4 Plasma Proteins, White Blood Cells, and Immunity
• 29.5 Blood Clotting
• 29.6 Red Blood Cells and Blood Gases
• 29.7 The Kidney and Urine Formation
• 29.8 Urine Composition and Function
• CHEMISTRY IN ACTION: What’s in Your Blood Test
• Appendices
• Answers to Selected Problems
• Glossary
• Credits
• Index
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