Efnisyfirlit

• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• About the Authors
• ONE Materials Engineering Concepts
• 1.1 Economic Factors
• 1.2 Mechanical Properties
• 1.2.1 Loading Conditions
• 1.2.2 Stress–Strain Relations
• 1.2.3 Elastic Behavior
• 1.2.4 Elastoplastic Behavior
• 1.2.5 Viscoelastic Behavior
• 1.2.6 Temperature and Time Effects
• 1.2.7 Work and Energy
• 1.2.8 Failure and Safety
• 1.3 Nonmechanical Properties
• 1.3.1 Density and Unit Weight
• 1.3.2 Thermal Expansion
• 1.3.3 Surface Characteristics
• 1.4 Production and Construction
• 1.5 Aesthetic Characteristics
• 1.6 Sustainable Design
• 1.7 Material Variability
• 1.7.1 Sampling
• 1.7.2 Normal Distribution
• 1.7.3 Control Charts
• 1.7.4 Experimental Error
• 1.8 Laboratory Measuring Devices
• 1.8.1 Dial Gauge
• 1.8.2 Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)
• 1.8.3 Strain Gauge
• 1.8.4 Noncontact Deformation Measurement Technique
• 1.8.5 Proving Ring
• 1.8.6 Load Cell
• Summary
• Questions and Problems
• 1.9 References
• TWO Nature of Materials
• 2.1 Basic Materials Concepts
• 2.1.1 Electron Configuration
• 2.1.2 Bonding
• 2.1.3 Material Classification by Bond Type
• 2.2 Metallic Materials
• 2.2.1 Lattice Structure
• 2.2.2 Lattice Defects
• 2.2.3 Grain Structure
• 2.2.4 Alloys
• 2.2.5 Phase Diagrams
• 2.2.6 Combined Effects
• 2.3 Inorganic Solids
• 2.4 Organic Solids
• 2.4.1 Polymer Development, Structure, and Cross-Linking
• 2.4.2 Melting and Glass Transition Temperature
• 2.4.3 Mechanical Properties
• Summary
• Questions and Problems
• 2.5 References
• THREE Steel
• 3.1 Steel Production
• 3.2 Iron–Carbon Phase Diagram
• 3.3 Heat Treatment of Steel
• 3.3.1 Annealing
• 3.3.2 Normalizing
• 3.3.3 Hardening
• 3.3.4 Tempering
• 3.3.5 Example of Heat Treatment
• 3.4 Steel Alloys
• 3.5 Structural Steel
• 3.5.1 Structural Steel Grades
• 3.5.2 Sectional Shapes
• 3.5.3 Specialty Steels in Structural Applications
• 3.6 Cold-Formed Steel
• 3.6.1 Cold-Formed Steel Grades
• 3.6.2 Cold-Formed Steel Shapes
• 3.6.3 Special Design Considerations for Cold-Formed Steel
• 3.7 Fastening Products
• 3.8 Reinforcing Steel
• 3.8.1 Conventional Reinforcing
• 3.8.2 Steel for Prestressed Concrete
• 3.9 Mechanical Testing of Steel
• 3.9.1 Tension Test
• 3.9.2 Torsion Test
• 3.9.3 Charpy V Notch Impact Test
• 3.9.4 Bend Test
• 3.9.5 Hardness Test
• 3.9.6 Ultrasonic Testing
• 3.10 Welding
• 3.11 Steel Corrosion
• 3.11.1 Methods for Corrosion Resistance
• 3.12 Steel Sustainability
• 3.12.1 LEED Considerations
• 3.12.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
• Summary
• Questions and Problems
• 3.13 References
• FOUR Aluminum
• 4.1 Aluminum Production
• 4.2 Aluminum Metallurgy
• 4.2.1 Alloy Designation System
• 4.2.2 Temper Treatments
• 4.3 Aluminum Testing and Properties
• 4.4 Welding and Fastening
• 4.5 Corrosion
• 4.6 Aluminum Sustainability
• 4.6.1 LEED Considerations
• 4.6.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
• Summary
• Questions and Problems
• 4.7 References
• FIVE Aggregates
• 5.1 Aggregate Sources
• 5.2 Geological Classification
• 5.3 Evaluation of Aggregate Sources
• 5.4 Aggregate Uses
• 5.5 Aggregate Properties
• 5.5.1 Particle Shape and Surface Texture
• 5.5.2 Soundness and Durability
• 5.5.3 Toughness, Hardness, and Abrasion Resistance
• 5.5.4 Absorption
• 5.5.5 Specific Gravity
• 5.5.6 Bulk Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate
• 5.5.7 Strength and Modulus
• 5.5.8 Gradation
• 5.5.9 Cleanness and Deleterious Materials
• 5.5.10 Alkali–Aggregate Reactivity
• 5.5.11 Affinity for Asphalt
• 5.6 Handling Aggregates
• 5.6.1 Sampling Aggregates
• 5.7 Aggregates Sustainability
• 5.7.1 LEED Considerations
• 5.7.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
• Summary
• Questions and Problems
• 5.8 References
• SIX Portland Cement, Mixing Water, and Admixtures
• 6.1 Portland Cement Production
• 6.2 Chemical Composition of Portland Cement
• 6.3 Fineness of Portland Cement
• 6.4 Specific Gravity of Portland Cement
• 6.5 Hydration of Portland Cement
• 6.5.1 Structure Development in Cement Paste
• 6.5.2 Evaluation of Hydration Progress
• 6.6 Voids in Hydrated Cement
• 6.7 Properties of Hydrated Cement
• 6.7.1 Setting
• 6.7.2 Soundness
• 6.7.3 Compressive Strength of Mortar
• 6.8 Water–Cement Ratio
• 6.9 Types of Portland Cement
• 6.9.1 Standard Portland Cement Types
• 6.9.2 Other Cement Types
• 6.10 Mixing Water
• 6.10.1 Acceptable Criteria
• 6.10.2 Disposal and Reuse of Concrete Wash Water
• 6.11 Admixtures for Concrete
• 6.11.1 Air Entrainers
• 6.11.2 Water Reducers
• 6.11.3 Retarders
• 6.11.4 Hydration-Control Admixtures
• 6.11.5 Accelerators
• 6.11.6 Specialty Admixtures
• 6.12 Supplementary Cementitious Materials
• 6.13 Cement Sustainability
• 6.13.1 LEED Considerations
• 6.13.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
• Summary
• Questions and Problems
• 6.14 References
• SEVEN Portland Cement Concrete
• 7.1 Proportioning of Concrete Mixes
• 7.1.1 Basic Steps for Weight and Absolute Volume Methods
• 7.1.2 Mixing Concrete for Small Jobs
• 7.2 Mixing, Placing, and Handling Fresh Concrete
• 7.2.1 Ready-Mixed Concrete
• 7.2.2 Mobile Batcher Mixed Concrete
• 7.2.3 Depositing Concrete
• 7.2.4 Pumped Concrete
• 7.2.5 Vibration of Concrete
• 7.2.6 Pitfalls and Precautions for Mixing Water
• 7.2.7 Measuring Air Content in Fresh Concrete
• 7.2.8 Spreading and Finishing Concrete
• 7.3 Curing Concrete
• 7.3.1 Ponding or Immersion
• 7.3.2 Spraying or Fogging
• 7.3.3 Wet Coverings
• 7.3.4 Impervious Papers or Plastic Sheets
• 7.3.5 Membrane-Forming Compounds
• 7.3.6 Forms Left in Place
• 7.3.7 Steam Curing
• 7.3.8 Insulating Blankets or Covers
• 7.3.9 Electrical, Hot Oil, and Infrared Curing
• 7.3.10 Curing Period
• 7.4 Properties of Hardened Concrete
• 7.4.1 Early Volume Change
• 7.4.2 Creep Properties
• 7.4.3 Permeability
• 7.4.4 Stress–Strain Relationship
• 7.5 Testing of Hardened Concrete
• 7.5.1 Compressive Strength Test
• 7.5.2 Split-Tension Test
• 7.5.3 Flexure Strength Test
• 7.5.4 Rebound Hammer Test
• 7.5.5 Penetration Resistance Test
• 7.5.6 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
• 7.5.7 Maturity Test
• 7.6 Alternatives to Conventional Concrete
• 7.6.1 Self-Consolidating Concrete
• 7.6.2 Flowable Fill
• 7.6.3 Shotcrete
• 7.6.4 Lightweight Concrete
• 7.6.5 Heavyweight Concrete
• 7.6.6 High-Strength Concrete
• 7.6.7 Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete
• 7.6.8 Polymers and Concrete
• 7.6.9 Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
• 7.6.10 Roller-Compacted Concrete
• 7.6.11 High-Performance Concrete
• 7.6.12 Pervious Concrete
• 7.7 Concrete Sustainability
• 7.7.1 LEED Considerations
• 7.7.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
• Summary
• Questions and Problems
• 7.8 References
• EIGHT Masonry
• 8.1 Masonry Units
• 8.1.1 Concrete Masonry Units
• 8.1.2 Clay Bricks
• 8.2 Mortar
• 8.3 Grout
• 8.4 Plaster
• 8.5 Masonry Sustainability
• 8.5.1 LEED Considerations
• 8.5.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
• Summary
• Questions and Problems
• 8.6 References
• NINE Asphalt Binders and Asphalt Mixtures
• 9.1 Types of Asphalt Cement Products
• 9.2 Uses of Asphalt
• 9.3 Temperature Susceptibility of Asphalt
• 9.4 Chemical Properties of Asphalt
• 9.5 Superpave and Performance Grade Binders
• 9.6 Characterization of Asphalt Cement
• 9.6.1 Performance Grade Characterization Approach
• 9.6.2 Performance Grade Binder Characterization
• 9.6.3 Traditional Asphalt Characterization Tests
• 9.7 Classification of Asphalt
• 9.7.1 Asphalt Binders
• 9.7.2 Asphalt Cutbacks
• 9.7.3 Asphalt Emulsions
• 9.8 Asphalt Concrete
• 9.9 Asphalt Concrete Mix Design
• 9.9.1 Specimen Preparation in the Laboratory
• 9.9.2 Density and Voids Analysis
• 9.9.3 Superpave Mix Design
• 9.9.4 Superpave Refinement
• 9.9.5 Marshall Method of Mix Design
• 9.9.6 Evaluation of Moisture Susceptibility
• 9.10 Characterization of Asphalt Concrete
• 9.10.1 Indirect Tensile Strength
• 9.10.2 Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester
• 9.11 Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Production and Construction
• 9.11.1 Production of Raw Materials
• 9.11.2 Manufacturing Asphalt Concrete
• 9.11.3 Field Operations
• 9.12 Recycling of Asphalt Concrete
• 9.12.1 RAP Evaluation
• 9.12.2 RAP Mix Design
• 9.12.3 RAP Production and Construction
• 9.13 Additives
• 9.13.1 Fillers
• 9.13.2 Extenders
• 9.13.3 Polymer Modified Asphalt
• 9.13.4 Antistripping Agents
• 9.13.5 Others
• 9.14 Warm Mix
• 9.15 Asphalt Sustainability
• 9.15.1 LEED Considerations
• 9.15.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
• Summary
• Questions and Problems
• 9.16 References
• TEN Wood
• 10.1 Structure of Wood
• 10.1.1 Growth Rings
• 10.1.2 Anisotropic Nature of Wood
• 10.2 Chemical Composition
• 10.3 Moisture Content
• 10.4 Wood Production
• 10.4.1 Cutting Techniques
• 10.4.2 Seasoning
• 10.5 Lumber Grades
• 10.5.1 Hardwood Grades
• 10.5.2 Softwood Grades
• 10.6 Defects in Lumber
• 10.7 Physical Properties
• 10.7.1 Specific Gravity and Density
• 10.7.2 Thermal Properties
• 10.7.3 Electrical Properties
• 10.8 Mechanical Properties
• 10.8.1 Modulus of Elasticity
• 10.8.2 Strength Properties
• 10.8.3 Load Duration
• 10.8.4 Damping Capacity
• 10.9 Testing to Determine Mechanical Properties
• 10.9.1 Flexure Test of Structural Members (ASTM D198)
• 10.9.2 Flexure Test of Small, Clear Specimen (ASTM D143)
• 10.10 Design Considerations
• 10.11 Organisms that Degrade Wood
• 10.11.1 Fungi
• 10.11.2 Insects
• 10.11.3 Marine Organisms
• 10.11.4 Bacteria
• 10.12 Wood Preservation
• 10.12.1 Petroleum-Based Solutions
• 10.12.2 Waterborne Preservatives
• 10.12.3 Application Techniques
• 10.12.4 Construction Precautions
• 10.13 Engineered Wood Products
• 10.13.1 Structural Panels/Sheets
• 10.13.2 Structural Shapes
• 10.13.3 Composite Structural Members
• 10.14 Wood Sustainability
• 10.14.1 LEED Considerations
• 10.14.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
• Summary
• Questions and Problems
• 10.15 References
• ELEVEN Composites
• 11.1 Microscopic Composites
• 11.1.1 Fiber-Reinforced Composites
• 11.1.2 Particle-Reinforced Composites
• 11.1.3 Matrix Phase
• 11.1.4 Fabrication
• 11.1.5 Civil Engineering Applications
• 11.2 Macroscopic Composites
• 11.2.1 Plain Portland Cement Concrete
• 11.2.2 Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete
• 11.2.3 Asphalt Concrete
• 11.2.4 Engineered Wood
• 11.3 Properties of Composites
• 11.3.1 Ductility and Strength of Composite
• 11.3.2 Modulus of Elasticity of Composite
• 11.4 Composites Sustainability
• 11.4.1 LEED Considerations
• 11.4.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
• Summary
• Questions and Problems
• 11.5 References
• Appendix
• Laboratory Manual
• 1. Introduction to Measuring Devices
• 2. Tension Test of Steel and Aluminum
• 3. Torsion Test of Steel and Aluminum
• 4. Impact Test of Steel
• 5. Microscopic Inspection of Materials
• 6. Creep in Polymers
• 7. Sieve Analysis of Aggregates
• 8. Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
• 9. Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
• 10. Bulk Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate
• 11. Slump of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement Concrete
• 12. Unit Weight and Yield of Freshly Mixed Concrete
• 13. Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by Pressure Method
• 14. Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by Volumetric Method
• 15. Making and Curing Concrete Cylinders and Beams
• 16. Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens with Sulfur or Capping Compound
• 17. Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• 18. Flexural Strength of Concrete
• 19. Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete
• 20. Penetration Resistance of Hardened Concrete
• 21. Testing of Concrete Masonry Units
• 22. Viscosity of Asphalt Binder by Rotational Viscometer
• 23. Dynamic Shear Rheometer Test of Asphalt Binder
• 24. Penetration Test of Asphalt Cement
• 25. Absolute Viscosity Test of Asphalt
• 26. Preparing and Determining the Density of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) Speci-mens by Means of the Superp
• 27. Preparation of Asphalt Concrete Specimens Using the Marshall Compactor
• 28. Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
• 29. Marshall Stability and Flow of Asphalt Concrete
• 30. Bending (Flexure) Test of Wood
• 31. Tensile Properties of Composites
• 32. Effect of Fiber Orientation on the Elastic Modulus of Fiber Reinforced Com-posites
• Index
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• Y
• Z