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• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• Before You Begin
• 1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and Visual C# 41
• 1.1 Introduction 42
• 1.2 Computers and the Internet in Industry and Research 42
• 1.3 Hardware and Software 45
• 1.3.1 Moore’s Law 45
• 1.3.2 Computer Organization 46
• 1.4 Data Hierarchy 47
• 1.5 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages 50
• 1.6 Object Technology 51
• 1.7 Internet and World Wide Web 53
• 1.8 C# 55
• 1.8.1 Object-Oriented Programming 56
• 1.8.2 Event-Driven Programming 56
• 1.8.3 Visual Programming 56
• 1.8.4 Generic and Functional Programming 56
• 1.8.5 An International Standard 57
• 1.8.6 C# on Non-Windows Platforms 57
• 1.8.7 Internet and Web Programming 57
• 1.8.8 Asynchronous Programming with async and await 57
• 1.8.9 Other Key Programming Languages 58
• 1.9 Microsoft’s .NET 60
• 1.9.1 .NET Framework 60
• 1.9.2 Common Language Runtime 60
• 1.9.3 Platform Independence 61
• 1.9.4 Language Interoperability 61
• 1.10 Microsoft’s Windows® Operating System 61
• 1.11 Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment 63
• 1.12 Painter Test-Drive in Visual Studio Community 63
• 2 Introduction to Visual Studio and Visual Programming 73
• 2.1 Introduction 74
• 2.2 Overview of the Visual Studio Community 2015 IDE 74
• 2.2.1 Introduction to Visual Studio Community 2015 74
• 2.2.2 Visual Studio Themes 75
• 2.2.3 Links on the Start Page 75
• 2.2.4 Creating a New Project 76
• 2.2.5 New Project Dialog and Project Templates 77
• 2.2.6 Forms and Controls 78
• 2.3 Menu Bar and Toolbar 79
• 2.4 Navigating the Visual Studio IDE 82
• 2.4.1 Solution Explorer 83
• 2.4.2 Toolbox 84
• 2.4.3 Properties Window 84
• 2.5 Help Menu and Context-Sensitive Help 86
• 2.6 Visual Programming: Creating a Simple App that Displays Text and an Image 87
• 2.7 Wrap-Up 96
• 2.8 Web Resources 97
• 3 Introduction to C# App Programming 105
• 3.1 Introduction 106
• 3.2 Simple App: Displaying a Line of Text 106
• 3.2.1 Comments 107
• 3.2.2 using Directive 108
• 3.2.3 Blank Lines and Whitespace 109
• 3.2.4 Class Declaration 109
• 3.2.5 Main Method 111
• 3.2.6 Displaying a Line of Text 111
• 3.2.7 Matching Left ({) and Right (}) Braces 112
• 3.3 Creating a Simple App in Visual Studio 112
• 3.3.1 Creating the Console App 112
• 3.3.2 Changing the Name of the App File 114
• 3.3.3 Writing Code and Using IntelliSense 114
• 3.3.4 Compiling and Running the App 116
• 3.3.5 Errors, Error Messages and the Error List Window 117
• 3.4 Modifying Your Simple C# App 117
• 3.4.1 Displaying a Single Line of Text with Multiple Statements 118
• 3.4.2 Displaying Multiple Lines of Text with a Single Statement 118
• 3.5 String Interpolation 120
• 3.6 Another C# App: Adding Integers 121
• 3.6.1 Declaring the int Variable number1 122
• 3.6.2 Declaring Variables number2 and sum 123
• 3.6.3 Prompting the User for Input 123
• 3.6.4 Reading a Value into Variable number1 123
• 3.6.5 Prompting the User for Input and Reading a Value into number2 124
• 3.6.6 Summing number1 and number2 124
• 3.6.7 Displaying the sum with string Interpolation 125
• 3.6.8 Performing Calculations in Output Statements 125
• 3.7 Memory Concepts 125
• 3.8 Arithmetic 126
• 3.8.1 Arithmetic Expressions in Straight-Line Form 127
• 3.8.2 Parentheses for Grouping Subexpressions 127
• 3.8.3 Rules of Operator Precedence 127
• 3.8.4 Sample Algebraic and C# Expressions 128
• 3.8.5 Redundant Parentheses 129
• 3.9 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators 129
• 3.10 Wrap-Up 134
• 4 Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and strings 146
• 4.1 Introduction 147
• 4.2 Test-Driving an Account Class 148
• 4.2.1 Instantiating an Object—Keyword new 148
• 4.2.2 Calling Class Account’s GetName Method 149
• 4.2.3 Inputting a Name from the User 149
• 4.2.4 Calling Class Account’s SetName Method 150
• 4.3 Account Class with an Instance Variable and Set and Get Methods 150
• 4.3.1 Account Class Declaration 150
• 4.3.2 Keyword class and the Class Body 151
• 4.3.3 Instance Variable name of Type string 151
• 4.3.4 SetName Method 152
• 4.3.5 GetName Method 154
• 4.3.7 Account UML Class Diagram 155
• 4.4 Creating, Compiling and Running a Visual C# Project with Two Classes 156
• 4.5 Software Engineering with Set and Get Methods 157
• 4.6 Account Class with a Property Rather Than Set and Get Methods 158
• 4.6.1 Class AccountTest Using Account’s Name Property 158
• 4.6.2 Account Class with an Instance Variable and a Property 160
• 4.6.3 Account UML Class Diagram with a Property 162
• 4.7 Auto-Implemented Properties 162
• 4.8 Account Class: Initializing Objects with Constructors 163
• 4.8.1 Declaring an Account Constructor for Custom Object Initialization 163
• 4.8.2 Class AccountTest: Initializing Account Objects When They’re Created 164
• 4.9 Account Class with a Balance; Processing Monetary Amounts 166
• 4.9.1 Account Class with a decimal balance Instance Variable 166
• 4.9.2 AccountTest Class That Uses Account Objects with Balances 169
• 4.10 Wrap-Up 173
• 5 Algorithm Development and Control Statements: Part 1 182
• 5.1 Introduction 183
• 5.2 Algorithms 184
• 5.3 Pseudocode 184
• 5.4 Control Structures 185
• 5.4.1 Sequence Structure 185
• 5.4.2 Selection Statements 186
• 5.4.3 Iteration Statements 187
• 5.4.4 Summary of Control Statements 187
• 5.5 if Single-Selection Statement 187
• 5.6 if…else Double-Selection Statement 188
• 5.6.1 Nested if…else Statements 189
• 5.6.2 Dangling-else Problem 191
• 5.6.3 Blocks 191
• 5.6.4 Conditional Operator (?:) 192
• 5.7 Student Class: Nested if…else Statements 193
• 5.8 while Iteration Statement 196
• 5.9 Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Iteration 197
• 5.9.1 Pseudocode Algorithm with Counter-Controlled Iteration 197
• 5.9.2 Implementing Counter-Controlled Iteration 198
• 5.9.3 Integer Division and Truncation 200
• 5.10 Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Iteration 201
• 5.10.1 Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: The Top and First Refinement 201
• 5.10.2 Second Refinement 202
• 5.10.3 Implementing Sentinel-Controlled Iteration 204
• 5.10.4 Program Logic for Sentinel-Controlled Iteration 205
• 5.10.5 Braces in a while Statement 206
• 5.10.6 Converting Between Simple Types Explicitly and Implicitly 206
• 5.10.7 Formatting Floating-Point Numbers 207
• 5.11 Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statements 208
• 5.11.1 Problem Statement 208
• 5.11.2 Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: Pseudocode Representation of the Top 209
• 5.11.3 Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: First Refinement 209
• 5.11.4 Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: Second Refinement 209
• 5.11.5 Complete Second Refinement of the Pseudocode 210
• 5.11.6 App That Implements the Pseudocode Algorithm 211
• 5.12 Compound Assignment Operators 213
• 5.13 Increment and Decrement Operators 213
• 5.13.1 Prefix Increment vs. Postfix Increment 214
• 5.13.2 Simplifying Increment Statements 215
• 5.13.3 Operator Precedence and Associativity 216
• 5.14 Simple Types 216
• 5.15 Wrap-Up 217
• 6 Control Statements: Part 2 232
• 6.1 Introduction 233
• 6.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Iteration 233
• 6.3 for Iteration Statement 235
• 6.3.1 A Closer Look at the for Statement’s Header 236
• 6.3.2 General Format of a for Statement 236
• 6.3.3 Scope of a for Statement’s Control Variable 236
• 6.3.4 Expressions in a for Statement’s Header Are Optional 237
• 6.3.5 Placing Arithmetic Expressions in a for Statement’s Header 237
• 6.3.6 Using a for Statement’s Control Variable in the Statement’s Body 238
• 6.3.7 UML Activity Diagram for the for Statement 238
• 6.4 Examples Using the for Statement 238
• 6.5 App: Summing Even Integers 239
• 6.6 App: Compound-Interest Calculations 240
• 6.6.1 Performing the Interest Calculations with Math Method pow 241
• 6.6.2 Formatting with Field Widths and Alignment 242
• 6.6.3 Caution: Do Not Use float or double for Monetary Amounts 243
• 6.7 do…while Iteration Statement 244
• 6.8 switch Multiple-Selection Statement 245
• 6.8.1 Using a switch Statement to Count A, B, C, D and F Grades. 245
• 6.8.2 switch Statement UML Activity Diagram 249
• 6.8.3 Notes on the Expression in Each case of a switch 250
• 6.9 Class AutoPolicy Case Study: strings in switch Statements 251
• 6.10 break and continue Statements 253
• 6.10.1 break Statement 253
• 6.10.2 continue Statement 254
• 6.11 Logical Operators 255
• 6.11.1 Conditional AND (&&) Operator 256
• 6.11.2 Conditional OR (||) Operator 256
• 6.11.3 Short-Circuit Evaluation of Complex Conditions 257
• 6.11.4 Boolean Logical AND (&) and Boolean Logical OR (|) Operators 257
• 6.11.5 Boolean Logical Exclusive OR (^) 258
• 6.11.6 Logical Negation (!) Operator 258
• 6.11.7 Logical Operators Example 259
• 6.12 Structured-Programming Summary 261
• 6.13 Wrap-Up 266
• 7 Methods: A Deeper Look 277
• 7.1 Introduction 278
• 7.2 Packaging Code in C# 279
• 7.2.1 Modularizing Programs 279
• 7.2.2 Calling Methods 280
• 7.3 static Methods, static Variables and Class Math 280
• 7.3.1 Math Class Methods 281
• 7.3.2 Math Class Constants PI and E 282
• 7.3.3 Why Is Main Declared static? 282
• 7.3.4 Additional Comments About Main 283
• 7.4 Methods with Multiple Parameters 283
• 7.4.1 Keyword static 285
• 7.4.2 Method Maximum 285
• 7.4.3 Assembling strings with Concatenation 285
• 7.4.4 Breaking Apart Large string Literals 286
• 7.4.5When to Declare Variables as Fields 287
• 7.4.6 Implementing Method Maximum by Reusing Method Math.Max 287
• 7.5 Notes on Using Methods 287
• 7.6 Argument Promotion and Casting 288
• 7.6.1 Promotion Rules 289
• 7.6.2 Sometimes Explicit Casts Are Required 289
• 7.7 The .NET Framework Class Library 290
• 7.8 Case Study: Random-Number Generation 292
• 7.8.1 Creating an Object of Type Random 292
• 7.8.2 Generating a Random Integer 292
• 7.8.3 Scaling the Random-Number Range 293
• 7.8.4 Shifting Random-Number Range 293
• 7.8.5 Combining Shifting and Scaling 293
• 7.8.6 Rolling a Six-Sided Die 293
• 7.8.7 Scaling and Shifting Random Numbers 296
• 7.8.8 Repeatability for Testing and Debugging 297
• 7.9 Case Study: A Game of Chance; Introducing Enumerations 297
• 7.9.1 Method RollDice 300
• 7.9.2 Method Main’s Local Variables 300
• 7.9.3 enum Type Status 301
• 7.9.4 The First Roll 301
• 7.9.5 enum Type DiceNames 301
• 7.9.6 Underlying Type of an enum 301
• 7.9.7 Comparing Integers and enum Constants 302
• 7.10 Scope of Declarations 302
• 7.11 Method-Call Stack and Activation Records 305
• 7.11.1 Method-Call Stack 305
• 7.11.2 Stack Frames 305
• 7.11.3 Local Variables and Stack Frames 306
• 7.11.4 Stack Overflow 306
• 7.11.5 Method-Call Stack in Action 306
• 7.12 Method Overloading 309
• 7.12.1 Declaring Overloaded Methods 309
• 7.12.2 Distinguishing Between Overloaded Methods 310
• 7.12.3 Return Types of Overloaded Methods 311
• 7.13 Optional Parameters 311
• 7.14 Named Parameters 312
• 7.15 C# 6 Expression-Bodied Methods and Properties 313
• 7.16 Recursion 314
• 7.16.1 Base Cases and Recursive Calls 314
• 7.16.2 Recursive Factorial Calculations 314
• 7.16.3 Implementing Factorial Recursively 315
• 7.17 Value Types vs. Reference Types 317
• 7.18 Passing Arguments By Value and By Reference 318
• 7.18.1 ref and out Parameters 319
• 7.18.2 Demonstrating ref, out and Value Parameters 320
• 7.19 Wrap-Up 322
• 8 Arrays; Introduction to Exception Handling 339
• 8.1 Introduction 340
• 8.2 Arrays 341
• 8.3 Declaring and Creating Arrays 342
• 8.4 Examples Using Arrays 343
• 8.4.1 Creating and Initializing an Array 343
• 8.4.2 Using an Array Initializer 344
• 8.4.3 Calculating a Value to Store in Each Array Element 345
• 8.4.4 Summing the Elements of an Array 347
• 8.4.5 Iterating Through Arrays with foreach 347
• 8.4.6 Using Bar Charts to Display Array Data Graphically; Introducing Type Inference with var 349
• 8.4.7 Using the Elements of an Array as Counters 352
• 8.5 Using Arrays to Analyze Survey Results; Intro to Exception Handling 353
• 8.5.1 Summarizing the Results 354
• 8.5.2 Exception Handling: Processing the Incorrect Response 355
• 8.5.3 The try Statement 355
• 8.5.4 Executing the catch Block 355
• 8.5.5 Message Property of the Exception Parameter 356
• 8.6 Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation 356
• 8.6.1 Class Card and Getter-Only Auto-Implemented Properties 356
• 8.6.2 Class DeckOfCards 357
• 8.6.3 Shuffling and Dealing Cards 360
• 8.7 Passing Arrays and Array Elements to Methods 361
• 8.8 Case Study: GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades 363
• 8.9 Multidimensional Arrays 369
• 8.9.1 Rectangular Arrays 369
• 8.9.2 Jagged Arrays 370
• 8.9.3 Two-Dimensional Array Example: Displaying Element Values 371
• 8.10 Case Study: GradeBook Using a Rectangular Array 374
• 8.11 Variable-Length Argument Lists 380
• 8.12 Using Command-Line Arguments 382
• 8.13 (Optional) Passing Arrays by Value and by Reference 384
• 8.14 Wrap-Up 388
• 9 Introduction to LINQ and the List Collection 410
• 9.1 Introduction 411
• 9.2 Querying an Array of int Values Using LINQ 412
• 9.2.1 The from Clause 414
• 9.2.2 The where Clause 415
• 9.2.3 The select Clause 415
• 9.2.4 Iterating Through the Results of the LINQ Query 415
• 9.2.5 The orderby Clause 415
• 9.2.6 Interface IEnumerable 416
• 9.3 Querying an Array of Employee Objects Using LINQ 416
• 9.3.1 Accessing the Properties of a LINQ Query’s Range Variable 420
• 9.3.2 Sorting a LINQ Query’s Results by Multiple Properties 420
• 9.3.3 Any, First and Count Extension Methods 420
• 9.3.4 Selecting a Property of an Object 420
• 9.3.5 Creating New Types in the select Clause of a LINQ Query 420
• 9.4 Introduction to Collections 421
• 9.4.1 List Collection 421
• 9.4.2 Dynamically Resizing a List Collection 422
• 9.5 Querying the Generic List Collection Using LINQ 426
• 9.5.1 The let Clause 428
• 9.5.2 Deferred Execution 428
• 9.5.3 Extension Methods ToArray and ToList 428
• 9.5.4 Collection Initializers 428
• 9.6 Wrap-Up 429
• 9.7 Deitel LINQ Resource Center 429
• 10 Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look 434
• 10.1 Introduction 435
• 10.2 Time Class Case Study; Throwing Exceptions 435
• 10.2.1 Time1 Class Declaration 436
• 10.2.2 Using Class Time1 437
• 10.3 Controlling Access to Members 439
• 10.4 Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the this Reference 440
• 10.5 Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors 442
• 10.5.1 Class Time2 with Overloaded Constructors 442
• 10.5.2 Using Class Time2’s Overloaded Constructors 446
• 10.6 Default and Parameterless Constructors 448
• 10.7 Composition 449
• 10.7.1 Class Date 449
• 10.7.2 Class Employee 451
• 10.7.3 Class EmployeeTest 452
• 10.8 Garbage Collection and Destructors 453
• 10.9 static Class Members 453
• 10.10 readonly Instance Variables 457
• 10.11 Class View and Object Browser 458
• 10.11.1 Using the Class View Window 458
• 10.11.2 Using the Object Browser 459
• 10.12 Object Initializers 460
• 10.13 Operator Overloading; Introducing struct 460
• 10.13.1 Creating Value Types with struct 461
• 10.13.2 Value Type ComplexNumber 461
• 10.13.3 Class ComplexTest 463
• 10.14 Time Class Case Study: Extension Methods 464
• 10.15 Wrap-Up 467
• 11 Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance 475
• 11.1 Introduction 476
• 11.2 Base Classes and Derived Classes 477
• 11.3 protected Members 479
• 11.4 Relationship between Base Classes and Derived Classes 480
• 11.4.1 Creating and Using a CommissionEmployee Class 481
• 11.4.2 Creating a BasePlusCommissionEmployee Class without Using Inheritance 485
• 11.4.3 Creating a CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy 490
• 11.4.4 CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using protected Instanc
• 11.4.5 CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using private Instance
• 11.5 Constructors in Derived Classes 500
• 11.6 Software Engineering with Inheritance 500
• 11.7 Class object 501
• 11.8 Wrap-Up 502
• 12 OOP: Polymorphism and Interfaces 508
• 12.1 Introduction 509
• 12.2 Polymorphism Examples 511
• 12.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior 512
• 12.4 Abstract Classes and Methods 515
• 12.5 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism 517
• 12.5.1 Creating Abstract Base Class Employee 518
• 12.5.2 Creating Concrete Derived Class SalariedEmployee 520
• 12.5.3 Creating Concrete Derived Class HourlyEmployee 522
• 12.5.4 Creating Concrete Derived Class CommissionEmployee 523
• 12.5.5 Creating Indirect Concrete Derived Class BasePlusCommissionEmployee 525
• 12.5.6 Polymorphic Processing, Operator is and Downcasting 526
• 12.5.7 Summary of the Allowed Assignments Between Base-Class and Derived-Class Variables 531
• 12.6 sealed Methods and Classes 532
• 12.7 Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces 533
• 12.7.1 Developing an IPayable Hierarchy 534
• 12.7.2 Declaring Interface IPayable 536
• 12.7.3 Creating Class Invoice 536
• 12.7.4 Modifying Class Employee to Implement Interface IPayable 538
• 12.7.5 Using Interface IPayable to Process Invoices and Employees Polymorphically 539
• 12.7.6 Common Interfaces of the .NET Framework Class Library 541
• 12.8 Wrap-Up 542
• 13 Exception Handling: A Deeper Look 547
• 13.1 Introduction 548
• 13.2 Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling 549
• 13.2.1 Dividing By Zero 550
• 13.2.2 Enter a Non-Numeric Denominator 551
• 13.2.3 Unhandled Exceptions Terminate the App 552
• 13.3 Example: Handling DivideByZeroExceptions and FormatExceptions 552
• 13.3.1 Enclosing Code in a try Block 554
• 13.3.2 Catching Exceptions 554
• 13.3.3 Uncaught Exceptions 555
• 13.3.4 Termination Model of Exception Handling 556
• 13.3.5 Flow of Control When Exceptions Occur 556
• 13.4 .NET Exception Hierarchy 557
• 13.4.1 Class SystemException 557
• 13.4.2 Which Exceptions Might a Method Throw? 558
• 13.5 finally Block 559
• 13.5.1 Moving Resource-Release Code to a finally Block 559
• 13.5.2 Demonstrating the finally Block 560
• 13.5.3 Throwing Exceptions Using the throw Statement 564
• 13.5.4 Rethrowing Exceptions 564
• 13.5.5 Returning After a finally Block 565
• 13.6 The using Statement 566
• 13.7 Exception Properties 567
• 13.7.1 Property InnerException 567
• 13.7.2 Other Exception Properties 568
• 13.7.3 Demonstrating Exception Properties and Stack Unwinding 568
• 13.7.4 Throwing an Exception with an InnerException 570
• 13.7.5 Displaying Information About the Exception 571
• 13.8 User-Defined Exception Classes 571
• 13.9 Checking for null References; Introducing C# 6’s?. Operator 575
• 13.9.1 Null-Conditional Operator (?.) 575
• 13.9.2 Revisiting Operators is and as 576
• 13.9.3 Nullable Types 576
• 13.9.4 Null Coalescing Operator (??) 577
• 13.10 Exception Filters and the C# 6 when Clause 577
• 13.11 Wrap-Up 578
• 14 Graphical User Interfaces with Windows Forms: Part 1 584
• 14.1 Introduction 585
• 14.2 Windows Forms 586
• 14.3 Event Handling 588
• 14.3.1 A Simple Event-Driven GUI 589
• 14.3.2 Auto-Generated GUI Code 591
• 14.3.3 Delegates and the Event-Handling Mechanism 593
• 14.3.4 Another Way to Create Event Handlers 594
• 14.3.5 Locating Event Information 595
• 14.4 Control Properties and Layout 596
• 14.4.1 Anchoring and Docking 597
• 14.4.2 Using Visual Studio To Edit a GUI’s Layout 599
• 14.5 Labels, TextBoxes and Buttons 600
• 14.6 GroupBoxes and Panels 603
• 14.7 CheckBoxes and RadioButtons 606
• 14.7.1 CheckBoxes 606
• 14.7.2 Combining Font Styles with Bitwise Operators 608
• 14.7.3 RadioButtons 609
• 14.8 PictureBoxes 614
• 14.9 ToolTips 617
• 14.10 NumericUpDown Control 618
• 14.11 Mouse-Event Handling 621
• 14.12 Keyboard-Event Handling 623
• 14.13 Wrap-Up 627
• 15 Graphical User Interfaces with Windows Forms: Part 2 637
• 15.1 Introduction 638
• 15.2 Menus 638
• 15.3 MonthCalendar Control 648
• 15.4 DateTimePicker Control 649
• 15.5 LinkLabel Control 652
• 15.6 ListBox Control 655
• 15.7 CheckedListBox Control 660
• 15.8 ComboBox Control 663
• 15.9 TreeView Control 667
• 15.10 ListView Control 673
• 15.11 TabControl Control 679
• 15.12 Multiple Document Interface (MDI) Windows 683
• 15.13 Visual Inheritance 691
• 15.14 User-Defined Controls 696
• 15.15 Wrap-Up 699
• 16 Strings and Characters: A Deeper Look 707
• 16.1 Introduction 708
• 16.2 Fundamentals of Characters and Strings 709
• 16.3 string Constructors 710
• 16.4 string Indexer, Length Property and CopyTo Method 711
• 16.5 Comparing strings 712
• 16.6 Locating Characters and Substrings in strings 716
• 16.7 Extracting Substrings from strings 719
• 16.8 Concatenating strings 720
• 16.9 Miscellaneous string Methods 720
• 16.10 Class StringBuilder 722
• 16.11 Length and Capacity Properties, EnsureCapacity Method and Indexer of Class StringBuilder 723
• 16.12 Append and AppendFormat Methods of Class StringBuilder 725
• 16.13 Insert, Remove and Replace Methods of Class StringBuilder 727
• 16.14 Char Methods 730
• 16.15 Introduction to Regular Expressions (Online) 732
• 16.16 Wrap-Up 732
• 17 Files and Streams 739
• 17.1 Introduction 740
• 17.2 Files and Streams 740
• 17.3 Creating a Sequential-Access Text File 741
• 17.4 Reading Data from a Sequential-Access Text File 750
• 17.5 Case Study: Credit-Inquiry Program 754
• 17.6 Serialization 759
• 17.7 Creating a Sequential-Access File Using Object Serialization 760
• 17.8 Reading and Deserializing Data from a Binary File 764
• 17.9 Classes File and Directory 767
• 17.9.1 Demonstrating Classes File and Directory 768
• 17.9.2 Searching Directories with LINQ 771
• 17.10 Wrap-Up 775
• 18 Searching and Sorting 782
• 18.1 Introduction 783
• 18.2 Searching Algorithms 784
• 18.2.1 Linear Search 784
• 18.2.2 Binary Search 788
• 18.3 Sorting Algorithms 792
• 18.3.1 Selection Sort 793
• 18.3.2 Insertion Sort 796
• 18.3.3 Merge Sort 800
• 18.4 Summary of the Efficiency of Searching and Sorting Algorithms 806
• 18.5 Wrap-Up 807
• 19 Custom Linked Data Structures 812
• 19.1 Introduction 813
• 19.2 Simple-Type structs, Boxing and Unboxing 813
• 19.3 Self-Referential Classes 814
• 19.4 Linked Lists 815
• 19.5 Stacks 828
• 19.6 Queues 832
• 19.7 Trees 835
• 19.7.1 Binary Search Tree of Integer Values 836
• 19.7.2 Binary Search Tree of IComparable Objects 843
• 19.8 Wrap-Up 849
• 20 Generics 855
• 20.1 Introduction 856
• 20.2 Motivation for Generic Methods 857
• 20.3 Generic-Method Implementation 859
• 20.4 Type Constraints 862
• 20.4.1 IComparable Interface 862
• 20.4.2 Specifying Type Constraints 862
• 20.5 Overloading Generic Methods 865
• 20.6 Generic Classes 865
• 20.7 Wrap-Up 875
• 21 Generic Collections; Functional Programming with LINQ/PLINQ 881
• 21.1 Introduction 882
• 21.2 Collections Overview 884
• 21.3 Class Array and Enumerators 886
• 21.3.1 C# 6 using static Directive 888
• 21.3.2 Class UsingArray’s static Fields 889
• 21.3.3 Array Method Sort 889
• 21.3.4 Array Method Copy 889
• 21.3.5 Array Method BinarySearch 889
• 21.3.6 Array Method GetEnumerator and Interface IEnumerator 889
• 21.3.7 Iterating Over a Collection with foreach 890
• 21.3.8 Array Methods Clear, IndexOf, LastIndexOf and Reverse 890
• 21.4 Dictionary Collections 890
• 21.4.1 Dictionary Fundamentals 891
• 21.4.2 Using the SortedDictionary Collection 892
• 21.5 Generic LinkedList Collection 896
• 21.6 C# 6 Null Conditional Operator ?[] 900
• 21.7 C# 6 Dictionary Initializers and Collection Initializers 901
• 21.8 Delegates 901
• 21.8.1 Declaring a Delegate Type 903
• 21.8.2 Declaring a Delegate Variable 903
• 21.8.3 Delegate Parameters 904
• 21.8.4 Passing a Method Name Directly to a Delegate Parameter 904
• 21.9 Lambda Expressions 904
• 21.9.1 Expression Lambdas 906
• 21.9.2 Assigning Lambdas to Delegate Variables 907
• 21.9.3 Explicitly Typed Lambda Parameters 907
• 21.9.4 Statement Lambdas 907
• 21.10 Introduction to Functional Programming 907
• 21.11 Functional Programming with LINQ Method-Call Syntax and Lambdas 909
• 21.11.1 LINQ Extension Methods Min, Max, Sum and Average 912
• 21.11.2 Aggregate Extension Method for Reduction Operations 912
• 21.11.3 The Where Extension Method for Filtering Operations 914
• 21.11.4 Select Extension Method for Mapping Operations 915
• 21.12 PLINQ: Improving LINQ to Objects Performance with Multicore 915
• 21.13 (Optional) Covariance and Contravariance for Generic Types 919
• 21.14 Wrap-Up 921
• 22 Databases and LINQ 933
• 22.1 Introduction 934
• 22.2 Relational Databases 935
• 22.3 A Books Database 936
• 22.4 LINQ to Entities and the ADO.NET Entity Framework 940
• 22.5 Querying a Database with LINQ 941
• 22.5.1 Creating the ADO.NET Entity Data Model Class Library 943
• 22.5.2 Creating a Windows Forms Project and Configuring It to Use the Entity Data Model 947
• 22.5.3 Data Bindings Between Controls and the Entity Data Model 949
• 22.6 Dynamically Binding Query Results 955
• 22.6.1 Creating the Display Query Results GUI 956
• 22.6.2 Coding the Display Query Results App 957
• 22.7 Retrieving Data from Multiple Tables with LINQ 959
• 22.8 Creating a Master/Detail View App 965
• 22.8.1 Creating the Master/Detail GUI 965
• 22.8.2 Coding the Master/Detail App 967
• 22.9 Address Book Case Study 968
• 22.9.1 Creating the Address Book App’s GUI 970
• 22.9.2 Coding the Address Book App 971
• 22.10 Tools and Web Resources 975
• 22.11 Wrap-Up 975
• 23 Asynchronous Programming with async and await 982
• 23.1 Introduction 983
• 23.2 Basics of async and await 985
• 23.2.1 async Modifier 985
• 23.2.2 await Expression 985
• 23.2.3 async, await and Threads 985
• 23.3 Executing an Asynchronous Task from a GUI App 986
• 23.3.1 Performing a Task Asynchronously 986
• 23.3.2 Method calculateButton_Click 988
• 23.3.3 Task Method Run: Executing Asynchronously in a SeparateThread 989
• 23.3.4 awaiting the Result 989
• 23.3.5 Calculating the Next Fibonacci Value Synchronously 989
• 23.4 Sequential Execution of Two Compute-Intensive Tasks 990
• 23.5 Asynchronous Execution of Two Compute-Intensive Tasks 992
• 23.5.1 awaiting Multiple Tasks with Task Method WhenAll 995
• 23.5.2 Method StartFibonacci 996
• 23.5.3 Modifying a GUI from a Separate Thread 996
• 23.5.4 awaiting One of Several Tasks with Task Method WhenAny 996
• 23.6 Invoking a Flickr Web Service Asynchronously with HttpClient 997
• 23.6.1 Using Class HttpClient to Invoke a Web Service 1001
• 23.6.2 Invoking the Flickr Web Service’s flickr.photos.search Method 1001
• 23.6.3 Processing the XML Response 1002
• 23.6.4 Binding the Photo Titles to the ListBox 1003
• 23.6.5 Asynchronously Downloading an Image’s Bytes 1004
• 23.7 Displaying an Asynchronous Task’s Progress 1004
• 23.8 Wrap-Up 1008
• Chapters on the Web
• A Operator Precedence Chart 1016
• B Simple Types 1018
• C ASCII Character Set 1020
• Appendices on the Web 1021
• Index 1023
• Symbols
• Numerics
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z