Efnisyfirlit

• Electrical Machines
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• CHAPTER 1: Electro Magnetic Circuits
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• 1.1 Magnetic Field and its Significance
• 1.2 Magnetic Circuit and its Analysis
• 1.3 Important Terms
• 1.4 Comparison between Magnetic and Electric Circuits
• 1.5 Ampere-turns Calculations
• 1.6 Series Magnetic Circuits
• 1.7 Parallel Magnetic Circuits
• 1.8 Leakage Flux
• 1.9 Magnetisation or B-H Curve
• 1.10 Magnetic Hysteresis
• 1.11 Hysteresis Loss
• 1.12 Importance of Hysteresis Loop
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 1.13 Electro Magnetic Induction
• 1.14 Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
• 1.15 Direction of Induced emf
• 1.16 Induced emf
• 1.17 Dynamically Induced emf
• 1.18 Statically Induced emf
• 1.19 Self Inductance
• 1.20 Mutual Inductance
• 1.21 Co-efficient of Coupling
• 1.22 Inductances in Series and Parallel
• 1.23 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
• 1.24 AC Excitation in Magnetic Circuits
• 1.25 Eddy Current Loss
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 1.26 Electro-mechanical Energy Conversion Devices
• 1.27 Torque Development by the Alignment of Two Fields
• 1.27.1 Soft Iron Piece Placed in the Magnetic Field
• 1.27.2 Permanent Magnet Placed in the Magnetic Field
• 1.27.3 Electromagnet Placed in the Magnetic Field
• 1.28 Production of Torque
• 1.28.1 In Case of Permanent Magnet
• 1.28.2 In Case of Electromagnet
• 1.29 Production of Unidirectional Torque
• 1.29.1 By Rotating the Main Magnets
• 1.29.2 By Changing the Direction of Flow of Current in the Conductors of Electromagnet
• 1.30 emf Induced in a Rotating Coil Placed in a Magnetic Field
• 1.31 Elementary Concept of Electrical Machines
• 1.31.1 Operation of Machine as a Generator (Conversion of Mechanical Energy into Electric Energy)
• 1.31.2 Operation of Machine as a Motor
• Conclusion
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• CHAPTER 2: Single-Phase Transformers
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• 2.1 Transformer
• 2.2 Working Principle of a Transformer
• 2.3 Construction of Transformer
• 2.3.1 Core Material
• 2.3.2 Core Construction
• 2.3.3 Transformer Winding
• 2.3.4 Insulation
• 2.3.5 Bushings
• 2.3.6 Transformer Tank
• 2.4 Simple Construction of Single-phase Small Rating (SAY 2 kVA) TRANSFORMERS
• 2.5 An Ideal Transformer
• 2.6 Transformer on DC
• 2.7 emf Equation
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 2.8 Transformer on No-load
• 2.9 Effect of Magnetisation on No-load (Exciting) Current
• 2.10 Inrush of Magnetising Current
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 2.11 Transformer on Load
• 2.12 Phasor Diagram of a Loaded Transformer
• 2.13 Transformer with Winding Resistance
• 2.14 Mutual and Leakage Fluxes
• 2.15 Equivalent Reactance
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 2.16 Actual Transformer
• 2.17 Simplified Equivalent Circuit
• 2.18 Short Circuited Secondary of Transformer
• 2.19 Expression for No-load Secondary Voltage
• 2.20 Voltage Regulation
• 2.21 Approximate Expression for Voltage Regulation
• 2.22 Kapp Regulation Diagram
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 2.23 Losses in a Transformer
• 2.24 Effects of Voltage and Frequency Variations on Iron Losses
• 2.25 Efficiency of a Transformer
• 2.26 Condition for Maximum Efficiency
• 2.27 Efficiency vs Load
• 2.28 Efficiency vs Power Factor
• 2.29 All-day Efficiency
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 2.30 Transformer Tests
• 2.31 Polarity Test
• 2.32 Voltage Ratio Test
• 2.33 Open-circuit or No-load Test
• 2.34 Separation of Hysteresis and Eddy Current Losses
• 2.35 Short Circuit Test
• 2.36 Back-to-back Test
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 2.37 Classification of Transformers
• 2.38 Parallel Operation of Transformers
• 2.39 Necessity of Parallel Operation
• 2.40 Conditions for Parallel Operation of One-phase Transformers
• 2.41 Load Sharing between Two Transformers Connected in Parallel
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 2.42 Auto-transformer
• 2.43 Auto-transformer vs Potential Divider
• 2.44 Saving of Copper in an Auto-transformer
• 2.45 Advantages of Auto-transformer over Two-winding Transformer
• 2.46 Disadvantages of Auto-transformers
• 2.47 Phasor Diagram of an Auto-transformer
• 2.48 Equivalent Circuit of an Auto-transformer
• 2.49 Simplified Equivalent Circuit of an Auto-transformer
• 2.50 Conversion of a Two-winding Transformer to an Auto-transformer
• 2.51 Comparison of Characteristics of Auto-transformers and Two-winding Transformers
• 2.52 Applications of Auto-transformers
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• CHAPTER 3: Three-Phase Transformers
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• 3.1 Merits of Three-phase Transformer over Bank of Three Singlephase Transformers
• 3.2 Construction of Three-phase Transformers
• 3.3 Determination of Relative Primary and Secondary Windings in Case of Three-phase Transformer
• 3.4 Polarity of Transformer Windings
• 3.5 Phasor Representation of Alternating Quantities in Three-phase Transformer Connections
• 3.6 Three-phase Transformer Connections
• 3.7 Selection of Transformer Connections
• 3.7.1 Star-Star (Yy0 or Yy6) Connections
• 3.7.2 Delta-Delta (Dd0 or Dd6) Connections
• 3.7.3 Star-Delta (Yd1 or Yd11) Connections
• 3.7.4 Delta-Star (Dy1 or Dy11) Connections
• 3.7.5 Delta-Zigzag Connections
• 3.7.6 Star-Zigzag Connection
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 3.8 Parallel Operation of Three-phase Transformers
• 3.9 Necessity of Parallel Operation of Three-phase Transformers
• 3.10 Conditions for Parallel Operation of Three-phase Transformers
• 3.11 Load Sharing between Three-phase Transformers Connected in Parallel
• 3.12 Three Winding Transformers (Tertiary Winding)
• 3.12.1 Stabilisation Provided by Tertiary Winding in Star-Star Transformer
• 3.13 Tap-changers on Transformers
• 3.14 Types of Tap-changers
• 3.14.1 No-load (or Off-load) Tap-changer
• 3.14.2 On-load Tap-changer
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 3.15 Transformation of Three-phase Power with Two Single-phase Transformers
• 3.16 Open-Delta or V-V Connections
• 3.17 Comparison of Delta and Open Delta Connections
• 3.18 T-T Connections or Scott Connections
• 3.19 Conversion of Three-phase to Two-phase and vice-versa
• 3.20 Difference between Power and Distribution Transformers
• 3.21 Cooling of Transformers
• 3.22 Methods of Transformer Cooling
• 3.23 Power Transformer and its Auxiliaries
• 3.24 Maintenance Schedule of a Transformer
• 3.25 Trouble Shooting of a Transformer
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• CHAPTER 4: DC Generator
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• 4.1 DC Generator
• 4.2 Main Constructional Features
• 1. Magnetic Frame or Yoke
• 2. Pole Core and Pole Shoes
• 3. Field or Exciting Coils
• 4. Armature Core
• 5. Armature Winding
• 6. Commutator
• 7. Brushes
• 8. Brush Rocker
• 9. End Housings
• 10. Bearings
• 11. Shaft
• 4.3 Simple Loop Generator and Function of Commutator
• 4.4 Connections of Armature Coils with Commutator Segments and Location of Brushes
• 4.5 Armature Winding
• 4.6 Types of Armature Winding
• 4.7 Drum Winding
• 4.8 Lap Winding
• 4.9 Numbering of Coils and Commutator Segments in Developed Winding Diagram
• 4.10 Characteristics of a Simplex Lap Winding
• 4.11 Characteristics of a Multiplex Lap Winding
• 4.12 Equalising Connections and their Necessity
• 4.13 Simplex Wave Winding
• 4.14 Dummy Coils
• 4.15 Applications of Lap and Wave Windings
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 4.16 emf Equation
• 4.17 Torque Equation
• 4.18 Armature Reaction
• 4.19 Calculations for Armature Ampere-turns
• 4.20 Commutation
• 4.21 Cause of Delay in the Reversal of Current in the Coil going through Commutation and its Effect
• 4.22 Magnitude of Reactance Voltage
• 4.23 Good Commutation and Poor Commutation
• 4.24 Interpoles and their Necessity
• 4.25 Compensating Winding and its Necessity
• 4.26 Methods of Improving Commutation
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 4.27 Types of DC Generators
• 4.28 Separately-excited DC Generators
• 4.29 Self-excited DC Generators
• (i) Shunt Wound Generators
• (ii) Series Wound Generators
• (iii) Compound Wound Generators
• 4.30 Voltage Regulation of a DC Shunt Generator
• 4.31 Characteristics of DC Generators
• 4.32 No-load Characteristics of DC Generators or Magnetisation Curve of DC Generator
• 4.33 Voltage Build-up in Shunt Generators
• 4.34 Critical Field Resistance of a DC Shunt Generator
• 4.35 Load Characteristics of Shunt Generator
• 4.36 Load Characteristics of Series Generators
• 4.37 Load Characteristics of Compound Generator
• 4.38 Causes of Failure to Build-up Voltage in a Generator
• 4.39 Applications of DC Generators
• 4.40 Losses in a DC Generator
• 4.41 Constant and Variable Losses
• 4.42 Stray Losses
• 4.43 Power Flow Diagram
• 4.44 Efficiency of a DC Generator
• 4.45 Condition for Maximum Efficiency
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• CHAPTER 5: DC Motors
• Introduction
• 5.1 DC Motor
• 5.2 Working Principle of DC Motors
• 5.3 Back emf
• 5.4 Electro-magnetic Torque Developed in DC Motor
• 5.5 Shaft Torque
• 5.6 Comparison of Generator and Motor Action
• 5.7 Types of DC Motors
• 5.8 Characteristics of DC Motors
• 5.9 Characteristics of Shunt Motors
• 5.10 Characteristics of Series Motors
• 5.11 Characteristics of Compound Motors
• 5.12 Applications and Selection of DC Motors
• 5.12.1 Applications of DC Motors
• 5.12.2 Selection of DC Motors
• 5.13 Starting of DC Motors
• 5.14 Necessity of Starter for a DC Motor
• 5.15 Starters for DC Shunt and Compound Wound Motors
• 5.16 Three-point Shunt Motor Starter
• 5.17 Four-point Starter
• 5.18 Calculation of Step Resistances Used in Shunt Motor Starter
• 5.19 Series Motor Starter
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 5.20 Speed Control of DC Motors
• 5.21 Speed Control of Shunt Motors
• 5.21.1 Field Control Method
• 5.21.2 Armature Control Method
• 5.22 Speed Control of Separately Excited Motors
• 5.23 Speed Regulation
• 5.24 Speed Control of DC Series Motors
• 5.24.1 Armature Control Method
• 5.24.2 Field Control Method
• 5.24.3 Voltage Control Method
• 5.25 Electric Braking
• 5.26 Types of Electric Braking
• 5.26.1 Plugging
• 5.26.2 Rheostatic Braking
• 5.26.3 Regenerative Braking
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 5.27 Losses in a DC Machine
• 5.28 Constant and Variable Losses
• 5.29 Stray Losses
• 5.30 Power Flow Diagram
• 5.31 Efficiency of a DC Machine
• 5.32 Condition for Maximum Efficiency
• 5.33 Test Performed to Determine Efficiency of DC Machines
• 5.34 Brake Test
• 5.35 Swinburne’s Test
• 5.36 Hopkinson’s Test
• 5.37 Testing of DC Series Machines
• 5.38 Inspection/maintenance of DC Machines
• 5.39 Faults in DC Machines
• 5.40 Trouble Shooting in a DC Motor
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• CHAPTER 6: Synchronous Generators or Alternators
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• 6.1 General Aspects of Synchronous Machines
• 6.2 Basic Principles
• 6.3 Generator and Motor Action
• 6.4 Production of Sinusoidal Alternating emf
• 6.5 Relation between Frequency, Speed and Number of Poles
• 6.6 Advantages of Rotating Field System over Stationary Field System
• 6.7 Constructional Features of Synchronous Machines
• 6.8 Excitation Systems
• 6.8.1 DC Exciters
• 6.8.2 Static Excitation System
• 6.8.3 Brushless Excitation System
• Section Practice Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 6.9 Armature Winding
• 6.10 Types of Armature Winding
• 6.11 Important Terms Used in Armature Winding
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 6.12 Coil Span Factor
• 6.13 Distribution Factor
• 6.14 Winding Factor
• 6.15 Generation of Three-phase emf
• 6.16 emf Equation
• 6.17 Wave Shape
• 6.18 Harmonics in Voltage Wave Form
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 6.19 Production of Revolving Field
• 6.20 Ferrari’s Principle (Vector Representation of Alternating Field)
• 6.21 Production of Two-phase Rotating Magnetic Field
• 6.22 Production of Three-phase Rotating Magnetic Field
• 6.23 Rating of Alternators
• 6.24 Armature Resistance
• 6.25 Armature Leakage Reactance
• 6.26 Armature Reaction
• 6.27 Effect of Armature Reaction on emf of Alternator
• 6.28 Synchronous Reactance and Synchronous Impedance
• 6.29 Equivalent Circuit of an Alternator and Phasor Diagram
• 6.30 Expression for No-load Terminal Voltage
• 6.31 Voltage Regulation
• 6.32 Determination of Voltage Regulation
• 6.33 Synchronous Impedance Method or emf Method
• 6.33.1 Determination of Synchronous Impedance
• 6.33.2 Determination of Synchronous Reactance
• 6.34 Modern Alternators
• 6.35 Short-Circuit Ratio (SCR)
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 6.36 Assumptions Made in Synchronous Impedance Method
• 6.37 Ampere-turn (or mmf) Method
• 6.38 Zero Power Factor or Potier Method
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 6.39 Power Developed by Cylindrical Synchronous Generators
• 6.39.1 Power Output of an AC Generator (in Complex Form)
• 6.39.2 Real Power Output of an AC Generator
• 6.39.3 Reactive Power Output of an AC Generator
• 6.39.4 Power Input to an AC Generator (in Complex Form)
• 6.39.5 Real Power Input to an AC Generator
• 6.39.6 Reactive Power Input to an AC Generator
• 6.39.7 Condition for Maximum Power Output
• 6.39.8 Condition for Maximum Power Input
• 6.39.9 Power Equations, when Armature Resistance is Neglected
• 6.40 Two-Reactance Concept for Salient Pole Synchronous Machines
• 6.40.1 Determination of Xd and Xq by Low Voltage Slip Test
• 6.41 Construction of Phasor Diagram for Two-Reac tion Concept
• 6.42 Power Developed by a Salient Pole Synchronous Generator
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 6.43 Transients in Alternators
• 6.43.1 Sub-transient, Transient and Direct-Reactance
• 6.44 Losses in a Synchronous Machine and Efficiency
• 6.45 Power Flow Diagram
• 6.46 Necessity of Cooling
• 6.47 Methods of Cooling
• 6.48 Preventive Maintenance
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• CHAPTER 7: Parallel Operation of Alternators
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• 7.1 Necessity of Parallel Operation of Alternators
• 7.2 Requirements for Parallel Operation of Alternators
• 7.3 Synchronising Alternators
• 7.4 Conditions for Proper Synchronising
• 7.5 Synchronising Single-phase Alternators
• 7.5.1 Dark Lamp Method
• 7.5.2 Bright Lamp Method
• 7.6 Synchronising Three-phase Alternators
• 7.6.1 Three Dark Lamps Method
• 7.6.2 Two Bright and One Dark Lamp Method
• 7.7 Synchronising Three-phase Alternators using Synchroscope
• 7.8 Shifting of Load
• 7.9 Load Sharing between Two Alternators
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 7.10 Two Alternators Operating in Parallel
• 7.11 Synchronising Current, Power and Torque
• 7.12 Effect of Change in Input Power of One of the Alternators
• 7.13 Effect of Change in Excitation of One of the Alternators
• 7.14 Effect of Reactance
• 7.15 Effect of Governors’ Characteristics on Load Sharing
• 7.16 Hunting
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• CHAPTER 8: Synchronous Motors
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• 8.1 Working Principle of a Three-phase Synchronous Motor
• 8.2 Effect of Load on Synchronous Motor
• 8.3 Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Motor
• 8.4 Phasor Diagram of a Synchronous Motor (Cylindrical Rotor)
• (i) Phasor Diagram for Lagging Power Factor
• (ii) Phasor Diagram at Unity Power Factor
• (iii) Phasor Diagram for Leading Power Factor
• 8.5 Relation between Supply Voltage V and Excitation Voltage E
• 8.6 Different Torques in a Synchronous Motor
• 8.7 Power Developed in a Synchronous Motor (Cylindrical Rotor)
• 8.8 Phasor Diagrams of a Salient-pole Synchronous Motor
• (a) For Lagging Power Factor cos ϕ
• (b) For Leading Power Factor cos ϕ
• (c) Unity Power Factor
• 8.9 Power Developed in a Salient-pole Synchronous Motor
• 8.10 Power Flow in a Synchronous Motor
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 8.11 Effect of Change in Excitation
• 8.12 V-Curves and Inverted V-Curves
• 8.13 Effect of Change in Load on a Synchronous Motor
• 8.14 Methods of Starting of Synchronous Motors
• 8.15 Synchronous Condenser
• 8.16 Characteristics of Synchronous Motor
• 8.17 Hunting
• 8.18 Applications of Synchronous Motors
• 8.19 Comparison between Three-phase Synchronous and Induction Motors
• 8.20 Merits and Demerits of Synchronous Motor
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• CHAPTER 9: Three-Phase Induction Motors
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• 9.1 Constructional Features of a Three-phase Induction Motor
• 9.2 Production of Revolving Field
• 9.3 Principle of Operation
• 9.4 Reversal of Direction of Rotation of Three-phase Induction Motors
• 9.5 Slip
• 9.6 Frequency of Rotor Currents
• 9.7 Speed of Rotor Field or mmf
• 9.8 Rotor emf
• 9.9 Rotor Resistance
• 9.10 Rotor Reactance
• 9.11 Rotor Impedance
• 9.12 Rotor Current and Power Factor
• 9.13 Simplified Equivalent Circuit of Rotor
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 9.14 Stator Parameters
• 9.15 Induction Motor on No-load
• 9.16 Induction Motor on Load
• 9.17 Induction Motor vs Transformer
• 9.18 Reasons of Low Power Factor of Induction Motors
• 9.19 Main Losses in an Induction Motor
• 9.20 Power Flow Diagram
• 9.21 Relation between Rotor Copper Loss, Slip and Rotor Input
• 9.22 Rotor Efficiency
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 9.23 Torque Developed by an Induction Motor
• 9.24 Condition for Maximum Torque and Equation for Maximum Torque
• 9.25 Starting Torque
• 9.26 Ratio of Starting to Maximum Torque
• 9.27 Ratio of Full Load Torque to Maximum Torque
• 9.28 Effect of Change in Supply Voltage on Torque
• 9.29 Torque-slip Curve
• 9.30 Torque-speed Curve and Operating Region
• 9.31 Effect of Rotor Resistance on Torque-slip Curve
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 9.32 Constant and Variable Losses in an Induction Motor
• 9.33 Main Tests Performed on an Induction Motor
• 9.33.1 Stator Resistance Test
• 9.33.2 Voltage-ratio Test
• 9.33.3 No-load Test
• 9.33.4 Blocked Rotor Test
• 9.33.5 Heat Run Test
• 9.34 Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor
• 9.35 Simplified Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor
• 9.36 Maximum Power Output
• 9.37 Circle Diagram
• 9.38 Circle Diagram for the Approximate Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor
• 9.39 Construction of a Circle Diagram for an Induction Motor
• 9.40 Results Obtainable from Circle Diagram
• 9.41 Maximum Quantities
• 9.42 Significance of Some Lines in the Circle Diagram
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 9.43 Effect of Space Harmonies
• 9.43.1 Cogging in Three-phase Induction Motors
• 9.43.2 Crawling in Three-phase Induction Motors
• 9.44 Performance Curves of Induction Motors
• 9.45 Factors Governing Performance of Induction Motors
• 9.46 High Starting Torque Cage Motors
• 9.46.1 Deep Bar Cage Rotor Motors
• 9.46.2 Double Cage Induction Motor
• 9.47 Motor Enclosures
• 1. Open Drip Proof (ODP) Enclosure
• 2. Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC) Enclosure
• 3. Totally Enclosed Non-Ventilated (TENV) Enclosure
• 4. Totally Enclosed Air Over (TEAO) Enclosure
• 5. Totally Enclosed Wash Down (TEWD) Enclosure
• 6. Explosion-proof Enclosures (EXPL)
• 7. Hazardous Location (HAZ) Enclosures
• 9.48 Standard Types of Squirrel Cage Motor
• 9.48.1 Class A Motors
• 9.48.2 Class B Motors
• 9.48.3 Class C Motors
• 9.48.4 Class D Motors
• 9.48.5 Class E Motors
• 9.48.6 Class F Motors
• 9.49 Advantages and Disadvantages of Induction Motors
• 9.49.1 Squirrel Cage Induction Motors
• 9.49.2 Slip-ring Induction Motors
• 9.50 Applications of Three-phase Induction Motors
• 9.51 Comparison of Squirrel Cage and Phase Wound Induction Motors
• 9.52 Comparison between Induction Motor and Synchronous Motor
• 9.53 Installation of Induction Motors
• 1. Inspection of the Motor on its Arrival and its Storage
• 2. Selection of Location for the Installation of Motor and Control Gear
• 3. Preparation of Foundation and Arrangement of Leveling
• 4. Checking for Proper Alignment
• 5. Fitting of Loading System
• 6. Earthing
• 9.54 Preventive Maintenance of Three-phase Induction Motors
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• CHAPTER 10: Starting Methods and Speed Control of Three-Phase Induction Motors
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• 10.1 Necessity of a Starter
• 10.2 Starting Methods of Squirrel Cage Induction Motors
• 10.2.1 Direct on Line (D.O.L.) Starter
• 10.2.2 Stator Resistance (or Reactance) Starter
• 10.2.3 Star-Delta Starter
• 10.2.4 Auto-transformer Starter
• 10.3 Rotor Resistance Starter for Slip Ring Induction Motors
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 10.4 Speed Control of Induction Motors
• 10.5 Speed Control by Changing the Slip
• 10.5.1 Speed Control by Changing the Rotor Circuit Resistance
• 10.5.2 Speed Control by Controlling the Supply Voltage
• 10.5.3 Speed Control by Injecting Voltage in the Rotor Circuit
• 10.6 Speed Control by Changing the Supply Frequency
• 10.7 Speed Control by Changing the Poles
• 10.8 Speed Control by Cascade Method
• 10.9. Speed Control by Injecting an emf in the Rotor Circuit
• 10.9.1 Kramer System of Speed Control
• 10.9.2 Scherbius System of Speed Control
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• CHAPTER 11: Single-Phase Motors
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• 11.1 Classification of Single-phase Motors
• 11.2 Single-phase Induction Motors
• 11.3 Nature of Field Produced in Single Phase Induction Motors
• 11.4 Torque Produced by Single-phase Induction Motor
• 11.5 Equivalent Circuit of Single-phase Induction Motor
• 11.6 Rotating Magnetic Field from Two-phase Supply
• 11.7 Methods to make Single-phase Induction Motor Self-starting
• 11.8 Split Phase Motors
• 11.9 Capacitor Motors
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 11.10 Shaded Pole Motor
• 11.11 Reluctance Start Motor
• 11.12 Single-phase Synchronous Motors
• 11.13 Reluctance Motors
• 11.14 Hysteresis Motors
• 11.15 AC Series Motor or Commutator Motor
• 11.16 Universal Motor
• 11.17 Comparison of Single-phase Motors
• 11.18 Trouble Shooting in Motors
• Section Practice Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• CHAPTER 12: Special Purpose Machines
• Chapter Objectives
• Introduction
• 12.1 Feedback Control System
• 12.2 Servomechanism
• 12.3 Servomotors
• 12.4 DC Servomotors
• 12.4.1 Field-controlled DC Servomotors
• 12.4.2 Armature-controlled DC Servomotors
• 12.4.3 Series Split-field DC Servomotors
• 12.4.4 Permanent-magnet Armature-controlled DC Servomotor
• 12.5 AC Servomotors
• 12.6 Schrage motor
• Section Practice Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 12.7 Brushless Synchronous Generator
• 12.7.1 Brushless DC Generator
• 12.8 Brushless Synchronous Motor
• 12.9 Three-brush (or Third-brush) Generator
• 12.10 Brushless DC Motors
• 12.11 Stepper Motors
• 12.11.1 Permanent-magnet (PM) Stepper Motor
• 12.11.2 Variable-reluctance (VR) Stepper Motor
• Section Practice Problems
• Numerical Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• 12.12 Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM)
• 12.13 Linear Induction Motor (LIM)
• 12.14 Permanent Magnet DC Motors
• 12.15 Induction Generator
• 12.16 Submersible Pumps and Motors
• 12.17 Energy Efficient Motors
• Section Practice Problems
• Short Answer Type Questions
• Review Questions
• Multiple Choice Questions
• Open Book Questions
• Index