Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Sir Stanley Davidson (1894–1981)
• Copyright
• Preface
• Contributors
• International Advisory Board
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction
• Clinical examination overviews
• Presenting problems
• Boxes
• Terminology
• Units of measurement
• Finding what you are looking for
• Part 1: Fundamentals of medicine
• 1. Clinical decision-making
• Abstract
• Introduction
• The problem of diagnostic error
• Clinical reasoning: definitions
• History and physical examination
• Use and interpretation of diagnostic tests
• Problem representation
• Cognitive biases
• Shared decision-making
• Reducing errors in clinical decision-making
• Clinical decision-making: putting it all together
• Answers to problems
• Further information
• Websites
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 2. Clinical therapeutics and good prescribing
• Abstract
• Principles of clinical pharmacology
• Adverse outcomes of drug therapy
• Drug regulation and management
• Prescribing in practice
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 3. Clinical genetics
• Abstract
• The fundamental principles of genomics
• Genomics, health and disease
• Interrogating the genome: the changing landscape of genomic technologies
• Genomics and clinical practice
• Further information
• Websites
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 4. Clinical immunology
• Abstract
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• The inflammatory response
• Presenting problems in immune disorders
• Immune deficiency
• Periodic fever syndromes
• Amyloidosis
• Autoimmune disease
• Allergy
• Angioedema
• Pregnancy and the immune system
• Transplantation and graft rejection
• Tumour immunology
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 5. Population health and epidemiology
• Abstract
• Global burden of disease and underlying risk factors
• Social determinants of health
• Principles of screening and immunisation
• Epidemiology
• Health data/informatics
• Further information
• Burden of disease
• Screening
• Immunisation
• Epidemiology
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 6. Principles of infectious disease
• Abstract
• Agents causing infection
• Normal microbial flora
• Host–pathogen interactions
• Investigation of infection
• Epidemiology of infection
• Infection prevention and control
• Antimicrobial stewardship
• Treatment of infectious diseases
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 7. Oncology
• Abstract
• Clinical examination of the cancer patient
• Clinical examination of the patient on cancer treatment
• The 10 hallmarks of cancer
• Environmental and genetic determinants of cancer
• Investigations
• Multidisciplinary teams
• Acute oncology
• Therapeutics in oncology
• Specific cancers
• Survivorship
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 8. Pain and palliative care
• Abstract
• Clinical examination in pain and palliative care
• Clinical evaluation and management in a patient with chronic pain or in the palliative care setting
• Pain
• Palliative care
• Death and dying
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• Part 2: Emergency and critical care medicine
• 9. Acute medicine and critical illness
• Abstract
• Clinical examination in critical care
• Monitoring
• Acute medicine
• Presenting problems in acute medicine
• Identification and assessment of deterioration
• Common presentations of deterioration
• Disorders causing critical illness
• Critical care medicine
• Stabilisation and institution of organ support
• Daily clinical management in intensive care
• Complications and outcomes of critical illness
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 10. Poisoning
• Abstract
• Comprehensive evaluation of the poisoned patient
• General approach to the poisoned patient
• Poisoning by specific pharmaceutical agents
• Drugs of misuse
• Chemicals and pesticides
• Environmental poisoning
• Food-related poisoning
• Plant poisoning
• Further information
• Websites
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 11. Envenomation
• Abstract
• Comprehensive evaluation of the envenomed patient
• Geographical distribution of venomous snakes
• Bedside tests in the envenomed patient
• Overview of envenomation
• General approach to the envenomed patient
• Envenomation by specific animals
• Further information
• Websites
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 12. Medicine in austere environments
• Abstract
• Extremes of temperature
• Acute high altitude illness
• Subaquatic medicine
• Further information
• Websites
• Multiple Choice Questions
• Part 3: Clinical medicine
• 13. Infectious disease
• Abstract
• Clinical examination of patients with infectious disease
• Presenting problems in infectious diseases
• Viral infections
• Prion diseases
• Bacterial infections
• Protozoal infections
• Infections caused by helminths
• Ectoparasites
• Fungal infections
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 14. HIV infection and AIDS
• Abstract
• Clinical examination in HIV disease
• Epidemiology
• Virology and immunology
• Diagnosis and investigations
• Clinical manifestations of HIV
• Presenting problems in HIV infection
• Prevention of opportunistic infections
• Antiretroviral therapy
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 15. Sexually transmitted infections
• Abstract
• Clinical examination in sexually transmitted infection
• Aetiology
• Clinical assessment
• Presenting problems
• Epidemiology
• Prevention
• Sexually transmitted bacterial infections
• Sexually transmitted viral infections
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 16. Cardiology
• Abstract
• Clinical examination of the cardiovascular system
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigation of cardiovascular disease
• Presenting problems in cardiovascular disease
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Principles of management of cardiac arrhythmias
• Coronary artery disease
• Peripheral arterial disease
• Diseases of the aorta
• Diseases of the heart valves
• Congenital heart disease
• Diseases of the myocardium
• Diseases of the pericardium
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 17. Respiratory medicine
• Abstract
• Clinical examination of the respiratory system
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigation of respiratory disease
• Presenting problems in respiratory disease
• Obstructive pulmonary diseases
• Infections of the respiratory system
• Tumours of the bronchus and lung
• Interstitial and infiltrative pulmonary diseases
• Occupational and environmental lung disease
• Pulmonary vascular disease
• Diseases of the upper airway
• Pleural disease
• Diseases of the diaphragm and chest wall
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 18. Nephrology and urology
• Abstract
• Clinical examination of the kidney and urinary tract
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigation of renal and urinary tract disease
• Presenting problems in renal and urinary tract disease
• Glomerular diseases
• Tubulo-interstitial diseases
• Genetic renal diseases
• Renal vascular diseases
• Renal involvement in systemic conditions
• Acute kidney injury
• Chronic kidney disease
• Renal replacement therapy
• Renal disease in pregnancy
• Renal disease in adolescence
• Drugs and the kidney
• Infections of the urinary tract
• Urolithiasis
• Diseases of the collecting system and ureters
• Tumours of the kidney and urinary tract
• Urinary incontinence
• Prostate disease
• Testicular tumours
• Erectile dysfunction
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 19. Clinical biochemistry and metabolic medicine
• Abstract
• Clinical examination in biochemical and metabolic disorders
• Biochemical investigations
• Water and electrolyte homeostasis
• Sodium homeostasis
• Water homeostasis
• Potassium homeostasis
• Acid–base homeostasis
• Calcium homeostasis
• Magnesium homeostasis
• Phosphate homeostasis
• Lipids and lipoprotein metabolism
• Inherited metabolic disorders
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 20. Endocrinology
• Abstract
• Clinical examination in endocrine disease
• An overview of endocrinology
• The thyroid gland
• The reproductive system
• The parathyroid glands
• The adrenal glands
• The endocrine pancreas and gastrointestinal tract
• The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
• Disorders affecting multiple endocrine glands
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 21. Diabetes mellitus
• Abstract
• Clinical examination of people with diabetes
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigations
• Establishing the diagnosis of diabetes
• Aetiology and pathogenesis of diabetes
• Presenting problems in diabetes
• Management of diabetes
• Complications of diabetes
• Further information
• Websites
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 22. Nutritional factors in disease
• Abstract
• Clinical examination in nutritional disorders
• Clinical assessment and investigation of nutritional status
• Nutritional factors and disease
• Disorders of altered energy balance
• Micronutrients, minerals and their diseases
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 23. Gastroenterology
• Abstract
• Clinical examination of the gastrointestinal tract
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigation of gastrointestinal disease
• Presenting problems in gastrointestinal disease
• Disorders of the mouth and salivary glands
• Disorders of the oesophagus
• Disorders of the stomach and duodenum
• Disorders of the small intestine
• Disorders of the colon and rectum
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Functional bowel disorders
• Ischaemic gut injury
• Diseases of the pancreas
• Diseases of the peritoneal cavity
• Other disorders
• Further information
• Websites
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 24. Hepatology
• Abstract
• Clinical examination of the abdomen for liver and biliary disease
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigation of liver and hepatobiliary disease
• Presenting problems in liver disease
• Cirrhosis
• Acute on chronic liver failure
• Portal hypertension
• Infections and the liver
• Alcohol-related liver disease
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Autoimmune liver and biliary disease
• Liver tumours and other focal liver lesions
• Drugs and the liver
• Inherited liver diseases
• Vascular liver disease
• Pregnancy and the liver
• Liver transplantation
• Cholestatic and biliary disease
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 25. Haematology and transfusion medicine
• Abstract
• Clinical examination in blood disease
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigation of diseases of the blood
• Presenting problems in blood disease
• Principles of management of haematological disease
• Anaemias
• Haemoglobinopathies
• Haematological malignancies
• Aplastic anaemia
• Myeloproliferative neoplasms
• Bleeding disorders
• Thrombotic disorders
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 26. Rheumatology and bone disease
• Abstract
• Clinical examination of the musculoskeletal system
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigation of musculoskeletal disease
• Presenting problems in musculoskeletal disease
• Principles of management
• Osteoarthritis
• Crystal-induced arthritis
• Fibromyalgia
• Bone and joint infections
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Spondyloarthritides
• Autoimmune connective tissue diseases
• Vasculitis
• Diseases of bone
• Bone and joint tumours
• Rheumatological involvement in other diseases
• Miscellaneous conditions
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 27. Dermatology
• Abstract
• Clinical examination in skin disease
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigation of skin disease
• Presenting problems in skin disease
• Principles of management of skin disease
• Skin tumours
• Common skin infections and infestations
• Acne and rosacea
• Eczemas
• Psoriasis and other erythematous scaly eruptions
• Lichenoid eruptions
• Urticaria
• Bullous diseases
• Pigmentation disorders
• Hair disorders
• Nail disorders
• Skin disease in general medicine
• Connective tissue disease
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 28. Neurology
• Abstract
• Clinical examination of the nervous system
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigation of neurological disease
• Presenting problems in neurological disease
• Headache syndromes
• Functional neurological disorder
• Epilepsy
• Vestibular disorders
• Disorders of sleep
• Neuro-inflammatory diseases
• Paraneoplastic neurological disorders
• Neurodegenerative diseases
• Infections of the nervous system
• Intracranial mass lesions and raised intracranial pressure
• Disorders of cerebellar function
• Disorders of the spine and spinal cord
• Diseases of peripheral nerves
• Diseases of the neuromuscular junction
• Diseases of muscle
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 29. Stroke medicine
• Abstract
• Clinical examination in stroke
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigations
• Presenting problems
• Stroke
• Subarachnoid haemorrhage
• Cerebral venous disease
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 30. Medical ophthalmology
• Abstract
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigation of visual disorders
• Presenting problems in ophthalmic disease
• Specialist ophthalmological conditions
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 31. Medical psychiatry
• Abstract
• Clinical examination
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Presenting problems in psychiatric illness
• Principles of management
• Psychiatric disorders
• Psychiatry and the law
• Further information
• Websites
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 32. Maternal medicine
• Abstract
• Clinical examination in pregnancy
• Clinical evaluation in maternal medicine
• Planning pregnancy in patients with medical conditions
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigations
• Presenting problems in pregnancy
• Medical disorders in pregnancy
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 33. Adolescent and transition medicine
• Abstract
• Transition from paediatric to adult health services
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Investigations
• Clinical assessment
• Presenting problems
• Clinical presentations
• Summary
• Further information
• Websites
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 34. Ageing and disease
• Abstract
• Assessment of the older adult
• Demography
• Functional anatomy and physiology
• Core concepts in older adults
• Investigation and management
• Presenting problems in geriatric medicine
• Infection in the older adult
• Further information
• Multiple Choice Questions
• 35. Laboratory reference ranges
• Notes on the international system of units (SI units)
• Laboratory reference ranges in adults
• Laboratory reference ranges in childhood and adolescence
• Laboratory reference ranges in pregnancy
• Further information
• Index