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• Cover Page
• Half Title Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• 1 The meaning of idology
• From ideology to ideologies
• The morphology of ideologies
• The big questions
• Conclusion: a return to ideology?
• Further reading
• References
• 2 Liberalism
• Problems of definition
• Origins and evolution
• Individualism and individuality
• Toleration and religious freedom
• Democracy and constitutions
• Contemporary liberalism
• Conclusion
• Further reading
• References
• Conservatism
• Conservatism and change
• The anti–revolutionary sentiment
• The origins of conservatism
• The relationship to liberalism
• Core components of conservatism
• Conservatism today
• Further reading
• References
• 4 Socialism
• Problems of definition
• What is socialism?
• The emergence of socialism
• The twentieth century
• The death of socialism?
• Socialism, neo–liberalism and looking forward
• Further reading
• References
• 5 Nationalism
• Introduction
• Nationalism and the theory of ideologies
• Nationalism and modernization
• The articulations of nationalism
• Nationalism and liberal community
• A nationalist future?
• Conclusion
• Further reading
• References
• 6 Fascism
• Introduction
• ‘Appeals’ of fascism
• Plotting a definition
• A starting point
• Race and state
• National imperialism
• Elitism and leadership
• National Socialism
• Interim summary
• Fascism and women
• British fascism in the inter-war years
• Contemporary British fascism
• Conclusion
• Further reading
• References
• 7 Green Political Theory
• Introduction
• Some origins of green political thinking
• Waves of green political theorising
• Green politics, applied theory and state, market and community
• Green politics and actually existing unsustainability
• Green politics and human flourishing
• People cannot stand too much reality: the emergence of ‘hard green’ ecological realism
• Conclusion
• Further reading
• Note
• References
• 8 Feminism
• Introduction
• A clamour of voices
• Post–feminism?
• Wave–ing – or drowning?
• Suffrage: a brittle unity
• Historical diversity
• Siting feminisms and subverting orthodoxy
• Patriarchy: the ‘man problem’
• Early liberal feminism
• Utopian socialist feminism
• Marxist feminism
• The ‘other’ woman
• The second wave
• Radical critiques
• The response of Marxist and socialist feminism
• Pro–family, eco– and pro–woman feminism
• Differences and subjectivities
• A third wave
• Conclusion
• Further reading
• References
• 9 Anarchism
• A resurgent but widely misunderstood ideology
• Anarchism and the radical critique of ideology
• The core of anarchism
• Anarchism and utopianism
• Anarchy in action
• Conclusion
• Further reading
• References
• 10 Multiculturalism
• Emergence of multiculturalism in theory and practice
• Multiculturalism as resistance to cultural homogeneity
• Development of multiculturalism— rehabilitating liberalism
• Avoiding cultural essentialism
• Multiculturalism and feminism
• ‘Retreat’ of multiculturalism?
• Further reading
• Note
• References
• 11 Political theology, ideology and secularism
• Reason, faith and the divine: late medieval scholasticism and natural rights discourse in the Renaissance and early modern period
• The rise of secularism— the Enlightenment
• Atheism and religion in the nineteenth century: Hegel, Marx and Nietzsche
• Secularism in crisis: fundamentalism and post–secularism
• Conclusion: religion and political ideology post–9/11
• Further reading
• References
• 12 The end of ideology
• The end of ideology: the decline of socialism in the West
• The end of history: the triumph of liberalism
• From ideology to discourse
• Conclusion
• Further reading
• Notes
• References
• Index