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• Title Page
• Copyright
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Boxed Features
• Gender/Diversity and Biopsychology Coverage
• Preface
• About the Authors
• 1. The Nature of Psychology
• Chapter Outline
• The Historical Context of Psychology
• The Roots of Psychology
• The Founding Schools of Psychology
• The Growth of Psychology
• Contemporary Perspectives in Psychology
• The Humanistic Perspective
• The Cognitive Perspective
• The Biopsychological Perspective
• The Sociocultural Perspective
• The Scope of Psychology
• Academic Fields of Specialization
• Professional Fields of Specialization
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 2. Psychology as a Science
• Chapter Outline
• Sources of Knowledge
• Common Sense
• Science
• Goals of Scientific Research
• Description
• Prediction
• Control
• Explanation
• Methods of Psychological Research
• Descriptive Research
• Correlational Research
• Experimental Research
• Statistical Analysis of Research Data
• Descriptive Statistics
• Correlational Statistics
• Inferential Statistics
• Ethics of Psychological Research
• Ethical Treatment of Research Data
• Ethical Treatment of Human Participants
• Ethical Treatment of Animal Subjects
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 3. Biopsychological Bases of Behavior
• Chapter Outline
• Nature Versus Nurture: Genes Versus Environment
• Behavioral Genetics
• Biological Communication Systems
• The Nervous System
• The Endocrine System
• Neuronal Activity and Neurotransmitters
• The Structure of the Neuron
• The Neural Impulse
• Synaptic Transmission
• Brain Functions
• Techniques for Studying Brain Functions
• Functional Organization of the Brain
• Cerebral Hemispheric Lateralization
• Neural Plasticity and Neurogenesis
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 4. Human Development
• Chapter Outline
• Research Methods in Developmental Psychology
• Longitudinal Research
• Cross-Sectional Research
• Cohort-Sequential Research
• Prenatal Development
• The Germinal Stage
• The Embryonic Stage
• The Fetal Stage
• Infant and Child Development
• Physical Development
• Perceptual Development
• Cognitive Development
• Psychosocial Development
• Adolescent Development
• Physical Development
• Cognitive Development
• Psychosocial Development
• Adult Development
• Physical Development
• Cognitive Development
• Psychosocial Development
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 5. Sensation and Perception
• Chapter Outline
• Sensory Processes
• Sensory Thresholds
• Sensory Adaptation
• Visual Sensation
• Light Waves
• Vision and the Eye
• Vision and the Brain
• Basic Visual Processes
• Visual Perception
• Form Perception
• Depth Perception
• Perceptual Constancies
• Visual Illusions
• Experience, Culture, and Perception
• Hearing
• Sound Waves
• The Auditory System
• Auditory Perception
• Chemical Senses
• Smell
• Taste
• Skin Senses
• Touch
• Pain
• Body Senses
• The Kinesthetic Sense
• The Vestibular Sense
• Extrasensory Perception
• Using Your Senses for Mindfulness
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 6. Consciousness
• Chapter Outline
• The Nature of Consciousness
• The Stream of Consciousness
• Attention
• The Unconscious
• Sleep
• Biological Rhythms and the Sleep-Wake Cycle
• Patterns of Sleep
• The Functions of Sleep
• Sleep Disorders
• Dreams
• The Content of Dreams
• The Purpose of Dreaming
• Hypnosis
• Hypnotic Induction and Susceptibility
• Effects of Hypnosis
• The Nature of Hypnosis
• Psychoactive Drugs
• Depressants
• Stimulants
• Other Psychoactive Drugs
• Other Hallucinogens
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 7. Learning
• Chapter Outline
• Classical Conditioning
• Principles of Classical Conditioning
• Applications of Classical Conditioning
• Biological Constraints on Classical Conditioning
• Operant Conditioning
• Principles of Operant Conditioning
• Applications of Operant Conditioning
• Biological Constraints on Operant Conditioning
• Cognitive Learning
• Cognitive Factors in Associative Learning
• Latent Learning
• Observational Learning
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 8. Memory
• Chapter Outline
• Information Processing and Memory
• Sensory Memory
• Short-Term Memory
• Long-Term Memory
• Encoding
• Storage
• Retrieval
• Forgetting
• Memory, Forgetting, and Eyewitness Testimony
• Children as Eyewitnesses
• Questioning the Eyewitness
• Improving Your Memory
• Using Effective Study Habits
• Using Mnemonic Devices
• The Biopsychology of Memory
• The Neuroanatomy of Memory
• The Neurochemistry of Memory
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 9. Thought and Language
• Chapter Outline
• Thought
• Concept Formation
• Logical Concepts
• Natural Concepts
• Problem Solving
• Approaches to Problem Solving
• Impediments to Problem Solving
• Creativity
• Characteristics of Creative People
• Creativity and the Sociocultural Environment
• Creativity and Divergent Thinking
• Decision Making
• Heuristics in Decision Making
• Framing Effects in Decision Making
• Artificial Intelligence
• Expert Systems
• Robotics
• Language
• The Structure of Language
• Phonology
• Syntax
• Semantics
• The Acquisition of Language
• Language Milestones
• Is There a Critical Period for Language Acquisition?
• Theories of Language Acquisition
• The Relationship Between Language and Thought
• The Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
• Linguistic Relativity and Sexist Language
• Language in Apes
• Teaching Chimpanzees to Use Language
• Controversy About Ape-Language Research
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 10. Intelligence
• Chapter Outline
• Intelligence Testing
• The History of Intelligence Testing
• Standardization in Intelligence Testing
• Extremes of Intelligence
• Intellectual Developmental Disorder
• Mental Giftedness
• Theories of Intelligence
• Factor-Analytic Theories of Intelligence
• Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
• Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
• Nature, Nurture, and Intelligence
• Early Studies of Immigrants
• The Influence of Heredity and Environment on Intelligence
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 11. Motivation
• Chapter Outline
• The Nature of Motivation
• Sources of Motivation
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• The Hunger Motive
• The Physiology of Hunger
• Obesity
• Eating Disorders
• The Sex Motive
• Biopsychological Factors in Sexual Behavior
• Psychosocial Factors in Sexual Behavior
• Sexual Dysfunctions
• Gender Identity
• Sexual Orientation
• The Arousal Motive
• Optimal Arousal
• Sensation Seeking
• The Achievement Motive
• Need for Achievement
• Goal Setting
• Intrinsic Motivation
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 12. Emotion
• Chapter Outline
• The Biopsychology of Emotion
• The Autonomic Nervous System and Emotion
• The Brain and Emotion
• The Chemistry of Emotion
• The Expression of Emotion
• Vocal Qualities and Emotion
• Body Movements and Emotion
• Facial Expressions and Emotion
• The Experience of Emotion
• Happiness
• Humor
• Theories of Emotion
• Biopsychological Theories of Emotion
• The Facial-Feedback Theory of Emotion
• Cognitive Theories of Emotion
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 13. Personality
• Chapter Outline
• The Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality
• Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
• Adler’s Theory of Individual Psychology
• Horney’s Theory of Feminine Psychology
• Jung’s Theory of Analytical Psychology
• Psychoanalytic Assessment of Personality
• Status of the Psychoanalytic Approach
• The Dispositional Approach to Personality
• Type Theories
• Trait Theories
• Dispositional Assessment of Personality
• Status of the Dispositional Approach
• The Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to Personality
• Social-Cognitive Theory
• Schema Theory
• Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment of Personality
• Status of the Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
• The Humanistic Approach to Personality
• The Self-Actualization Theory of Personality
• The Self Theory of Personality
• The Humanistic Assessment of Personality
• Status of the Humanistic Approach
• The Biopsychological Approach to Personality
• The Relationship Between Physique and Personality
• The Relationship Between Heredity and Personality
• Biopsychological Assessment of Personality
• Status of the Biopsychological Approach
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 14. Psychological Disorders
• Chapter Outline
• Characteristics of Psychological Disorders
• Criteria for Psychological Disorders
• Classification of Psychological Disorders
• Criticisms of the Diagnosis of Psychological Disorders
• Anxiety Disorders
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Panic Disorder
• Phobias
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
• Characteristics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Causes of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Dissociative Disorders
• Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Causes of Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Major Depressive Disorder and Related Disorders
• Major Depressive Disorder
• Seasonal Affective Disorder
• Suicide and Major Depressive Disorder
• Bipolar Disorders
• Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder
• Causes of Bipolar Disorder
• Schizophrenia
• The Nature of Schizophrenia
• Causes of Schizophrenia
• Personality Disorders
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 15. Psychological and Biological Treatments
• Chapter Outline
• A Brief History of Treatment
• 18thand 19th-Century Reforms
• The Mental Health Movement
• The Psychoanalytic Orientation
• The Nature of Psychoanalysis
• Techniques in Psychoanalysis
• Offshoots of Psychoanalysis
• The Behavioral Orientation
• Classical Conditioning Therapies
• Operant Conditioning Therapies
• Social-Learning Therapies
• The Cognitive Orientation
• Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
• Cognitive Therapy
• The Humanistic Orientation
• Client-Centered Therapy
• The Biological Orientation
• Psychosurgery
• Electroconvulsive Therapy
• Drug Therapy
• Finding the Proper Treatment
• Selecting the Right Therapist
• Bibliotherapy as an Alternative
• The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy
• Evaluation of Psychotherapy
• Factors in the Effectiveness of Psychotherapy
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 16. Health and Stress
• Chapter Outline
• Psychological Stress and Stressors
• Life Changes
• Daily Hassles
• The Biopsychology of Stress and Illness
• General Adaptation Syndrome
• Stress and Cardiovascular Disease
• Stress and Immune Functioning
• Stress and Cancer
• Factors That Moderate the Stress Response
• Physiological Reactivity
• Cognitive Appraisal
• Explanatory Style
• Perceived Control
• Psychological Hardiness
• Social Support
• Coping With Stress
• Emotional Release and Stress Management
• Stress-Inoculation Training
• Exercise and Stress Management
• Relaxation and Stress Management
• Health-Promoting Habits
• Keeping Physically Fit
• Maintaining a Healthy Diet and Body Weight
• Avoiding Tobacco Products
• Reactions to Illness
• Seeking Treatment for Health Problems
• Relieving Patient Distress
• Encouraging Adherence to Medical Regimens
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• 17. Social Psychology
• Chapter Outline
• Social Cognition
• Causal Attribution
• Person Perception
• Interpersonal Attraction
• Liking
• Romantic Love
• Attitudes (Including Prejudice)
• The Formation of Attitudes
• The Art of Persuasion
• Prejudice
• Group Dynamics
• Group Decision Making
• Group Effects on Performance
• Social Influence
• Aggression
• Theories of Aggression
• Group Violence
• Prosocial Behavior
• Altruism
• Bystander Intervention
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Chapter Quiz
• Thought Questions
• Answers to Section Review Questions
• Answers to Chapter Quiz Questions
• Appendix A: Industrial/Organizational Psychology
• Appendix B: Statistics
• Key Contributors
• Glossary
• References
• Subject Index
• Name Index