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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• How to Use
• How to Use
• Copyright
• Dedication
• About the Authors
• Contributors and Reviewers
• Preface
• Unit I. Introduction
• Chapter 1. Orientation to Pharmacology
• FOUR BASIC TERMS
• PROPERTIES OF AN IDEAL DRUG
• THE THERAPEUTIC OBJECTIVE
• FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE INTENSITY OF DRUG RESPONSES
• Key Points
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 2. Application of Pharmacology in Nursing Practice
• NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES REGARDING DRUGS
• APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT CARE
• APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN PATIENT EDUCATION
• APPLICATION OF THE NURSING PROCESS AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT MEASUREMENT MODEL IN DRUG THERAPY
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 3. Drug Regulation, Development, Names, and Information
• LANDMARK DRUG LEGISLATION
• HAZARDOUS DRUG EXPOSURE
• NEW DRUG DEVELOPMENT
• DRUG NAMES
• OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS
• SOURCES OF DRUG INFORMATION
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Unit II. Basic Principles of Pharmacology
• Chapter 4. Pharmacokinetics
• APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS IN THERAPEUTICS
• PASSAGE OF DRUGS ACROSS MEMBRANES
• ABSORPTION
• DISTRIBUTION
• METABOLISM
• EXCRETION
• TIME COURSE OF DRUG RESPONSES
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 5. Pharmacodynamics
• DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
• DRUG-RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS
• DRUG RESPONSES THAT DO NOT INVOLVE RECEPTORS
• INTERPATIENT VARIABILITY IN DRUG RESPONSES
• THE THERAPEUTIC INDEX
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 6. Drug Interactions
• DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS
• DRUG-FOOD AND DRUG-SUPPLEMENT INTERACTIONS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 7. Adverse Drug Reactions and Medication Errors
• ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
• MEDICATION ERRORS
• Key Points
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 8. Individual Variation in Drug Responses
• BODY SIZE AND AGE
• ALTERATIONS IN PHYSIOLOGY
• TOLERANCE
• PLACEBO EFFECT
• VARIABILITY IN ABSORPTION
• GENETICS, SEX, AND ANCESTRY
• COMORBIDITIES AND DRUG INTERACTIONS
• DIET
• FAILURE TO TAKE MEDICINE AS PRESCRIBED
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 9. Genetic and Genomic Considerations
• PHARMACOGENOMICS
• APPLICATIONS OF GENOMICS
• GENETIC VARIANTS THAT ALTER DRUG METABOLISM
• GENETIC VARIANTS
• GENETIC AND PHARMACOGENOMICS TODAY
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 10. Introduction to Immunomodulators
• MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES “mAbs”
• TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS “NIBS”
• PROTEASOME INHIBITORS “MIBS
• CONCLUSION: IMMUNOTHERAPY OF THE FUTURE
• Key Points
• Chapter Outline
• Unit III. Drug Therapy Across The Lifespan
• Chapter 11. Drug Therapy During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
• DRUG THERAPY DURING PREGNANCY: BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
• DRUG THERAPY DURING PREGNANCY: TERATOGENESIS AND OTHER RISKS
• DRUG THERAPY DURING BREASTFEEDING
• Key Points
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 12. Drug Therapy in Pediatric Patients
• DRUG THERAPY IN CHILDREN: BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
• PHARMACOKINETICS: NEONATES AND INFANTS
• PHARMACOKINETICS: CHILDREN 1 YEAR AND OLDER
• MANAGING DRUG THERAPY IN THE GROWING PEDIATRIC PATIENT
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 13. Drug Therapy in Older Adults
• PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC CHANGES IN OLDER ADULTS
• ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND DRUG INTERACTIONS
• THE PROBLEM OF NONADHERENCE
• CONSIDERATIONS FOR END-OF-LIFE CARE
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Unit IV. Peripheral Nervous System Drugs
• Chapter 14. Basic Principles of Neuropharmacology
• NEUROPHARMACOLOGY AND THE ACTIONS OF NEURONS
• BASIC MECHANISMS BY WHICH NEUROPHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS ACT
• SELECTIVITY OF DRUG ACTION AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 15. Physiology of the Peripheral Nervous System
• OVERVIEW OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
• AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REGULATION OF PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES
• ANATOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
• TRANSMITTERS AND RECEPTORS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• EXPLORING THE CONCEPT OF RECEPTOR SUBTYPES
• Locations of Receptor Subtypes
• FUNCTIONS OF CHOLINERGIC AND ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPES
• TRANSMITTER LIFE CYCLES
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 16. Muscarinic Agonists
• CHOLINERGIC DRUGS
• MUSCARINIC AGONISTS
• OTHER MUSCARINIC AGONISTS
• TOXICOLOGY OF MUSCARINIC AGONISTS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 17. Muscarinic Antagonists
• MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS (ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS)
• OTHER MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS
• DRUGS FOR OVERACTIVE BLADDER
• TOXICOLOGY OF MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 18. Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Their Use in Myasthenia Gravis
• CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS
• PYRIDOSTIGMINE, A REVERSIBLE CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR
• OTHER REVERSIBLE CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS
• ACUTE TOXICITY WITH CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS
• IRREVERSIBLE CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS
• TOXICOLOGY OF IRREVERSIBLE CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS
• MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 19. Drugs That Block Nicotinic Cholinergic Transmission
• PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION
• THERAPEUTIC USES OF NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS
• COMPETITIVE (NONDEPOLARIZING) NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS
• PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL COMPETITIVE NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS
• SUCCINYLCHOLINE, A DEPOLARIZING NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 20. Adrenergic Agonists
• MECHANISMS OF ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ACTIVATION
• OVERVIEW OF THE ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
• THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS AND ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ACTIVATION
• ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
• EPINEPHRINE
• OTHER ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 21. Adrenergic Antagonists
• ALPHA-ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS: THERAPEUTIC RESPONSES TO ALPHA BLOCKADE
• ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ALPHA BLOCKADE
• PRAZOSIN: PROTOTYPE FOR ALPHA BLOCKERS
• BETA-ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS: THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF BETA BLOCKADE
• ADVERSE EFFECTS OF BETA BLOCKADE
• PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL BETA BLOCKERS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 22. Indirect-Acting Antiadrenergic Agents
• CENTRALLY ACTING α2 AGONISTS
• CLONIDINE: PROTOTYPE FOR CENTRALLY ACTING α2 AGONISTS
• OTHER CENTRALLY ACTING α2 AGONISTS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Unit V. Central Nervous System Drugs
• Chapter 23. Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology
• OVERVIEW OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS
• PRODUCTION OF THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS
• CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING NEW PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
• APPROACHING THE STUDY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 24. Drugs for Parkinson Disease
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PARKINSON DISEASE
• OVERVIEW OF MOTOR SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT
• PHARMACOLOGY OF DRUGS USED FOR MOTOR SYMPTOMS
• NONMOTOR SYMPTOMS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 25. Drugs for Alzheimer Disease
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE
• RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS
• DRUGS FOR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
• CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS
• MEMANTINE, AN N-METHYL-d-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
• ADUCANUMAB, A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
• DRUGS FOR NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 26. Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
• DRUG THERAPY OVERVIEW
• DISEASE-MODIFYING DRUGS I: IMMUNOMODULATORS
• DISEASE-MODIFYING DRUGS II: IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS
• DRUGS USED TO MANAGE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS SYMPTOMS
• Key Points
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 27. Drugs for Seizure Disorders
• INTRODUCTION
• TYPES OF SEIZURES
• HOW ANTISEIZURE DRUGS WORK
• BASIC THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS
• CLASSIFICATION OF ANTISEIZURE DRUGS: FIRST GENERATION AND NEW GENERATION
• PHENYTOIN: PROTOTYPE FOR FIRST-GENERATION ANTISEIZURE DRUGS
• OXCARBAZEPINE: PROTOTYPE FOR NEW-GENERATION ANTISEIZURE DRUGS
• MANAGEMENT OF GENERALIZED CONVULSIVE STATUS EPILEPTICUS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 28. Drugs for Muscle Spasm and Spasticity
• DRUGS FOR SPASTICITY
• BACLOFEN: PROTOTYPE FOR CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXERS FOR SPASTICITY
• DANTROLENE: PROTOTYPE FOR DIRECT-ACTING MUSCLE RELAXERS
• DRUGS FOR LOCALIZED MUSCLE SPASM
• CYCLOBENZAPRINE: PROTOTYPE FOR CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT FOR LOCALIZED SPASM
• OTHER CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANTS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter outline
• Chapter 29. Local Anesthetics
• BASIC PHARMACOLOGY OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
• PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL LOCAL ANESTHETICS
• CLINICAL USE OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
• Key Points
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 30. General Anesthetics
• INHALATION ANESTHETICS BASIC PHARMACOLOGY AND USAGE PRINCIPLES
• PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL INHALATION ANESTHETICS
• INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETICS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 31. Opioid Analgesics, Opioid Antagonists, and Nonopioid Centrally Acting Analgesics
• OPIOID ANALGESICS
• MORPHINE
• OTHER STRONG OPIOID AGONISTS
• MODERATE TO STRONG OPIOID AGONISTS
• AGONIST-ANTAGONIST OPIOIDS
• OPIOID ANTAGONISTS
• TRAMADOL: A NONOPIOID CENTRALLY ACTING ANALGESIC
• CLINICAL USE OF OPIOIDS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 32. Pain Management in Patients With Cancer
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN
• ASSESSMENT AND ONGOING EVALUATION
• DRUG THERAPY
• NONDRUG THERAPY
• PAIN MANAGEMENT IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS
• PATIENT EDUCATION
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 33. Drugs for Headache
• MIGRAINE HEADACHE
• MIGRAINE HEADACHE: ABORTIVE THERAPY
• SEROTONIN1B/1D RECEPTOR AGONISTS (TRIPTANS)
• SEROTONIN1F RECEPTOR AGONIST: LASMIDITAN
• ERGOT ALKALOIDS
• CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
• MIGRAINE: PREVENTIVE THERAPY
• CLUSTER HEADACHES
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 34. Antipsychotic Agents and Their Use in Schizophrenia
• SCHIZOPHRENIA: CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND ETIOLOGY
• FIRST-GENERATION (CONVENTIONAL) ANTIPSYCHOTICS
• SECOND-GENERATION (ATYPICAL) ANTIPSYCHOTICS
• DEPOT ANTIPSYCHOTIC PREPARATIONS
• MANAGEMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 35. Antidepressants
• MAJOR DEPRESSION: CLINICAL FEATURES, PATHOGENESIS, AND TREATMENT OVERVIEW
• DRUGS USED FOR DEPRESSION—BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
• SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
• SEROTONIN/NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
• TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS
• MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS
• ATYPICAL ANTIDEPRESSANTS
• NONCONVENTIONAL DRUGS FOR DEPRESSION (see Box 35.1)
• PERIPARTUM DEPRESSION
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 36. Drugs for Bipolar Disorder
• CHARACTERISTICS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER
• DRUG THERAPY
• NONDRUG THERAPY
• MOOD-STABILIZING DRUGS: LITHIUM
• ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
• ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 37. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
• BENZODIAZEPINES
• BENZODIAZEPINE-LIKE DRUGS
• RAMELTEON: A MELATONIN AGONIST
• SUVOREXANT: AN OREXIN ANTAGONIST
• BARBITURATES
• MANAGEMENT OF INSOMNIA
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 38. Management of Anxiety Disorders
• GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER: CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT
• PANIC DISORDER: CHARACTERISTICS
• PANIC DISORDER TREATMENT
• OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
• SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
• POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 39. Central Nervous System Stimulants and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• AMPHETAMINES
• METHYLPHENIDATE AND DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE
• METHYLXANTHINES—CAFFEINE
• MISCELLANEOUS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS—MODAFINIL
• ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER—BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
• DRUGS USED FOR ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER—CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS
• DRUGS USED FOR ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER—NONSTIMULANTS—ATOMOXETINE
• NONSTIMULANTS-α2-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 40. Substance Use Disorders I: Basic Considerations
• DEFINITIONS AND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
• FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER
• NEUROBIOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS
• PRINCIPLES OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER TREATMENT
• THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 41. Substance Use Disorders II: Alcohol
• ALCOHOL: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS
• ALCOHOL—OTHER PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECTS
• PHARMACOKINETICS
• TOLERANCE AND PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
• DRUG INTERACTIONS, ALCOHOL OVERDOSE, AND PRECAUTIONS
• ALCOHOL USE DISORDER
• DRUGS FOR ALCOHOL USE DISORDER TO TREAT ACUTE WITHDRAWAL
• DRUGS USED TO MAINTAIN ABSTINENCE
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 42. Substance Use Disorders III: Nicotine
• BASIC PHARMACOLOGY OF NICOTINE
• AIDS TO SMOKING CESSATION
• NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
• NON-NICOTINE THERAPY: BUPROPION ER
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 43. Substance Use Disorders IV: Major Drugs of Abuse Other Than Alcohol and Nicotine
• OPIOIDS AND KRATOM
• GENERAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS
• PSYCHOSTIMULANTS—COCAINE
• PSYCHOSTIMULANTS—METHAMPHETAMINE
• PSYCHOSTIMULANTS—SYNTHETIC CATHINONES
• MARIJUANA AND RELATED PREPARATIONS
• PSYCHEDELICS—D-LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE
• PSYCHEDELICS—SALVIA
• PSYCHEDELICS—MESCALINE, PSILOCIN, PSILOCYBIN, AND DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE
• DISSOCIATIVE DRUGS—PHENCYCLIDINE
• DISSOCIATIVE DRUGS—KETAMINE
• DISSOCIATIVE DRUGS—DEXTROMETHORPHAN
• 3-,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (ECSTASY)
• INHALANTS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Unit VI. Drugs That Affect Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
• Chapter 44. Diuretics
• ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
• INTRODUCTION TO DIURETICS
• LOOP DIURETICS—FUROSEMIDE
• THIAZIDES AND RELATED DIURETICS—HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
• POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS—SPIRONOLACTONE
• OTHER POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS—TRIAMTERENE AND AMILORIDE
• MANNITOL: AN OSMOTIC DIURETIC
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 45. Agents Affecting the Volume and Ion Content of Body Fluids
• DISORDERS OF FLUID VOLUME AND OSMOLALITY
• ACID–BASE DISTURBANCES
• POTASSIUM IMBALANCES
• MAGNESIUM IMBALANCES
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Unit VII. Drugs That Affect The Heart, Blood Vessels, and Blood
• Chapter 46. Review of Hemodynamics
• OVERVIEW OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• REGULATION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT
• REGULATION OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 47. Drugs Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
• PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM
• ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS
• ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
• ALISKIREN: A DIRECT RENIN INHIBITOR
• ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS: EPLERENONE AND SPIRONOLACTONE
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 48. Calcium Channel Blockers
• CALCIUM CHANNELS: PHYSIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS AND CONSEQUENCES OF BLOCKADE
• CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS: CLASSIFICATION AND SITES OF ACTION
• NON-DIHYDROPYRIDINES: VERAPAMIL AND DILTIAZEM: AGENTS THAT ACT ON VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE AND THE HEART
• DIHYDROPYRIDINES: AGENTS THAT ACT MAINLY ON VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE—NIFEDIPINE
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 49. Vasodilators
• BASIC CONCEPTS IN VASODILATOR PHARMACOLOGY
• PHARMACOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL VASODILATORS—HYDRALAZINE
• INDIVIDUAL VASODILATORS—MINOXIDIL
• INDIVIDUAL VASODILATORS—SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 50. Drugs for Hypertension
• BASIC CONSIDERATIONS IN HYPERTENSION
• CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND TYPES OF HYPERTENSION
• MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC HYPERTENSION
• TREATMENT GOALS AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS
• REVIEW OF BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL
• DRUG THERAPY
• CLASSES OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
• FUNDAMENTALS OF HYPERTENSION DRUG THERAPY
• INDIVIDUALIZING THERAPY
• PROMOTING ADHERENCE
• DRUGS FOR HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES
• DRUGS FOR HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 51. Drugs for Heart Failure
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE
• OVERVIEW OF DRUGS USED TO TREAT HEART FAILURE—DIURETICS
• OVERVIEW OF DRUGS USED TO TREAT HEART FAILURE—DRUGS THAT INHIBIT THE RAAS
• OVERVIEW OF DRUGS USED TO TREAT HEART FAILURE: ADDITIONAL DRUG CLASSES
• DIGOXIN: A CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE
• ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DIGOXIN
• VARICIGUAT: A NOVEL SOLUBLE GUANYLATE CYCLASE STIMULATOR
• MANAGEMENT OF HEART FAILURE
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 52. Antidysrhythmic Drugs
• ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HEART
• GENERATION OF DYSRHYTHMIAS
• CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIDYSRHYTHMIC DRUGS AND THEIR PRODYSRHYTHMIC EFFECTS
• OVERVIEW OF COMMON DYSRHYTHMIAS AND THEIR TREATMENT
• PRINCIPLES OF ANTIDYSRHYTHMIC DRUG THERAPY
• PHARMACOLOGY OF THE ANTIDYSRHYTHMIC DRUGS—CLASS I: SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
• CLASS II: β BLOCKERS
• CLASS III: POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (DRUGS THAT DELAY REPOLARIZATION)
• CLASS IV: CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
• OTHER ANTIDYSRHYTHMIC DRUGS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 53. Drugs That Help Normalize Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels
• CHOLESTEROL AND PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS
• ROLE OF LDL CHOLESTEROL IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS
• 2018 ACC/AHA GUIDELINES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF BLOOD CHOLESTEROL
• DRUGS AND OTHER PRODUCTS USED TO IMPROVE PLASMA LIPID LEVELS—HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS (STATINS)
• BILE-ACID SEQUESTRANTS—COLESEVELAM
• EZETIMIBE
• FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVES (FIBRATES)—GEMFIBROZIL
• MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9 INHIBITORS)
• ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE-CITRASE LYASE INHIBITORS
• FISH OIL
• PLANT STANOL AND STEROL ESTERS AND CHOLESTIN
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 54. Drugs for Angina Pectoris
• DETERMINANTS OF CARDIAC OXYGEN DEMAND AND OXYGEN SUPPLY
• ANGINA PECTORIS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT STRATEGY
• ORGANIC NITRATES—NITROGLYCERIN
• DRUGS FOR STABLE ANGINA
• RANOLAZINE
• TREATMENT MEASURES
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 55. Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Thrombolytic Drugs
• COAGULATION: PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY—HEMOSTASIS
• COAGULATION: PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY—THROMBOSIS
• OVERVIEW OF DRUGS FOR THROMBOEMBOLIC DISORDERS
• ANTICOAGULANTS—HEPARIN (UNFRACTIONATED)
• LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARINS
• FONDAPARINUX
• WARFARIN: A VITAMIN K ANTAGONIST
• DIRECT THROMBIN INHIBITORS: DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE
• DIRECT THROMBIN INHIBITORS—BIVALIRUDIN
• DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS: DIRECT FACTOR XA INHIBITORS—RIVAROXABAN
• ANTIPLATELET DRUGS—ASPIRIN
• ANTIPLATELET DRUGS: P2Y12 ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS—CLOPIDOGREL
• ANTIPLATELET DRUGS: PROTEASE-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-1 ANTAGONISTS—VORAPAXAR
• ANTIPLATELET DRUGS: GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
• OTHER ANTIPLATELET DRUGS
• THROMBOLYTIC (FIBRINOLYTIC) DRUGS—ALTEPLASE
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 56. Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF STEMI
• DIAGNOSIS OF STEMI
• MANAGEMENT OF STEMI
• COMPLICATIONS OF STEMI
• SECONDARY PREVENTION OF STEMI
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 57. Drugs for Hemophilia
• BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
• PREPARATIONS USED TO TREAT HEMOPHILIA—FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATES
• PREPARATIONS USED TO TREAT HEMOPHILIA—FACTOR IX CONCENTRATES
• NON-FACTOR THERAPIES
• ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS
• MANAGING PATIENTS WHO DEVELOP INHIBITORS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 58. Drugs for Deficiency Anemias
• RED BLOOD CELL DEVELOPMENT
• BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF IRON
• IRON DEFICIENCY: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND DIAGNOSIS
• FERROUS IRON SALTS—FERROUS SULFATE
• CARBONYL IRON
• PARENTERAL IRON PREPARATIONS—IRON DEXTRAN
• GUIDELINES FOR TREATING IRON DEFICIENCY
• BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF VITAMIN B12
• VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND DIAGNOSIS
• VITAMIN B12 PREPARATIONS: CYANOCOBALAMIN
• GUIDELINES FOR TREATING VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY
• PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF FOLIC ACID
• FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND DIAGNOSIS
• FOLIC ACID PREPARATIONS
• GUIDELINES FOR TREATING FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 59. Hematopoietic Agents
• HEMATOPOIETIC AND ERYTHROPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS
• EPOETIN ALFA (ERYTHROPOIETIN)
• DARBEPOETIN ALFA (ERYTHROPOIETIN, LONG ACTING)
• LEUKOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS: FILGRASTIM (GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR)
• SARGRAMOSTIM (GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR)
• THROMBOPOIETIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS—ROMIPLOSTIM
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Unit VIII. Drugs for Endocrine Disorders
• Chapter 60. Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus
• DIABETES MELLITUS
• Overview of Management
• Insulin
• Therapeutic Use
• Oral Medications for the Management of Diabetes
• Noninsulin Injectable Agents for the Management of Diabetes
• Acute Complications of Poor Glycemic Control
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 61. Drugs for Thyroid Disorders
• THYROID PHYSIOLOGY
• THYROID FUNCTION TESTS
• THYROID PATHOPHYSIOLOGY—HYPOTHYROIDISM
• THYROID PATHOPHYSIOLOGY—HYPERTHYROIDISM
• THYROID HORMONE PREPARATIONS FOR HYPOTHYROIDISM—LEVOTHYROXINE (T4)
• DRUGS FOR HYPERTHYROIDISM—METHIMAZOLE
• RADIOACTIVE IODINE
• NONRADIOACTIVE IODINE: LUGOL SOLUTION
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 62. Drugs Related to Hypothalamic and Pituitary Function
• OVERVIEW OF HYPOTHALAMIC AND PITUITARY ENDOCRINOLOGY
• GROWTH HORMONE: PHYSIOLOGY
• GROWTH HORMONE: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• GROWTH HORMONE: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
• PROLACTIN
• ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (VASOPRESSIN)
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 63. Drugs for Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
• GLUCOCORTICOIDS
• MINERALOCORTICOIDS
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES: HORMONE EXCESS
• ADRENAL HORMONE INSUFFICIENCY
• AGENTS FOR REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY
• AGENTS FOR DIAGNOSING ADRENOCORTICAL DISORDERS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Unit IX. Reproductive Health
• Chapter 64. Estrogens and Progestins: Basic Pharmacology and Noncontraceptive Applications
• THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
• ESTROGENS
• CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF ESTROGENS
• PROGESTERONE
• CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
• MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY
• FEMALE SEXUAL INTEREST/AROUSAL DISORDER
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 65. Birth Control
• EFFECTIVENESS OF BIRTH CONTROL METHODS AND SELECTING A BIRTH CONTROL METHOD
• ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES—COMBINATION PRODUCTS
• ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES—PROGESTIN-ONLY ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• COMBINATION CONTRACEPTIVES WITH NOVEL DELIVERY SYSTEMS
• LONG-ACTING CONTRACEPTIVES—SUBDERMAL ETONOGESTREL IMPLANTS
• LONG-ACTING CONTRACEPTIVES: DEPOT MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE
• LONG-ACTING CONTRACEPTIVES: INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
• SPERMICIDES
• DRUGS FOR MEDICAL ABORTION
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implicationsfn1a
• Evaluate Outcomes
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 66. Drug Therapy for Infertility
• INFERTILITY: CAUSES AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES
• DRUGS USED TO TREAT FEMALE INFERTILITY
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 67. Drugs That Affect Uterine Function
• DRUGS FOR PRETERM LABOR
• DRUGS FOR CERVICAL RIPENING AND INDUCTION OF LABOR
• DRUGS FOR POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE
• DRUGS FOR MENORRHAGIA
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 68. Androgens
• TESTOSTERONE
• CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF THE ANDROGENS
• ANDROGEN PREPARATIONS FOR MALE HYPOGONADISM
• ANABOLIC STEROID USE DISORDER
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 69. Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
• ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
• ORAL DRUGS FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
• NONORAL DRUGS FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
• PREMATURE EJACULATION
• DRUG THERAPY FOR PREMATURE EJACULATION
• BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
• DRUG THERAPY FOR BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implicationsa
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 70. Transgender Health
• TRANSGENDER HEALTH OVERVIEW
• CONSIDERATIONS FOR GENDER-AFFIRMATION TREATMENT
• INITIATING THERAPY DURING ADOLESCENCE
• GENDER-AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPY FOR TRANSGENDER ADOLESCENTS
• GENDER-AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPY FOR ADULTS
• MEDICATIONS FOR TRANSITIONING
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Unit X. Anti-Inflammatory, Antiallergic, and Immunologic Drugs
• Chapter 71. Review of the Immune System
• INTRODUCTION TO THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
• ANTIBODY-MEDIATED (HUMORAL) IMMUNITY
• CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 72. Childhood Immunization
• GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
• TARGET DISEASES
• SPECIFIC VACCINES AND TOXOIDS—MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA VIRUS VACCINE
• SPECIFIC VACCINES AND TOXOIDS—DIPHTHERIA AND TETANUS TOXOIDS AND ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINE
• SPECIFIC VACCINES AND TOXOIDS—POLIOVIRUS VACCINE
• SPECIFIC VACCINES AND TOXOIDS—HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B CONJUGATE VACCINE
• SPECIFIC VACCINES AND TOXOIDS—VARICELLA VIRUS VACCINE
• SPECIFIC VACCINES AND TOXOIDS—HEPATITIS B VACCINE
• SPECIFIC VACCINES AND TOXOIDS—HEPATITIS A VACCINE
• SPECIFIC VACCINES AND TOXOIDS—PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE
• SPECIFIC VACCINES AND TOXOIDS—MENINGOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE
• SPECIFIC VACCINES AND TOXOIDS—ROTAVIRUS VACCINE
• SPECIFIC VACCINES AND TOXOIDS—HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE
• EXPERIMENTAL VACCINES—RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS VACCINE
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 73. Immunosuppressants
• CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS
• mTOR INHIBITORS
• CYTOTOXIC DRUGS
• ANTIBODIES
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 74. Antihistamines
• HISTAMINE
• ANTIHISTAMINES: H1 ANTAGONISTS—BASIC PHARMACOLOGY
• HISTAMINE1 ANTAGONISTS II: PREPARATIONS
• Key Points
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 75. Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Acetaminophen
• MECHANISM OF ACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS
• FIRST-GENERATION NSAIDS—ASPIRIN
• NONASPIRIN FIRST-GENERATION NSAIDS
• IBUPROFEN
• NONACETYLATED SALICYLATES: MAGNESIUM SALICYLATE, SODIUM SALICYLATE, AND SALSALATE
• SECOND-GENERATION NSAIDS (COX-2 INHIBITORS, COXIBS)—CELECOXIB
• ACETAMINOPHEN
• AHA STATEMENT ON THE USE OF COX INHIBITORS FOR CHRONIC PAIN
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 76. Glucocorticoids in Nonendocrine Disorders
• REVIEW OF GLUCOCORTICOID PHYSIOLOGY
• PHARMACOLOGY OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Unit XI. Drugs for Bone and Joint Disorders
• Chapter 77. Drug Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
• OVERVIEW OF THERAPY
• CLASSES OF ANTIARTHRITIC DRUGS
• NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
• GLUCOCORTICOIDS
• CONVENTIONAL (TRADITIONAL) DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS
• BIOLOGIC DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS
• TARGETED DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS: JANUS KINASE INHIBITORS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 78. Drug Therapy for Gout
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GOUT
• OVERVIEW OF DRUG THERAPY
• DRUGS FOR ACUTE GOUT FLARES
• DRUGS FOR HYPERURICEMIA (URATE-LOWERING THERAPY)
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 79. Drugs Affecting Calcium Levels and Bone Mineralization
• CALCIUM PHYSIOLOGY
• CALCIUM-RELATED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• DRUGS FOR DISORDERS INVOLVING CALCIUM AND BONE MINERALIZATION
• OSTEOPOROSIS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Unit XII. Respiratory Tract Drugs
• Chapter 80. Drugs for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
• ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
• BRONCHODILATORS
• COMBINATION DRUGS
• MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
• MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 81. Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds
• DRUGS FOR ALLERGIC RHINITIS
• DRUGS FOR COUGH
• COLD REMEDIES
• Key Points
• Chapter Outline
• Unit XIII. Gastrointestinal Drugs
• Chapter 82. Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease
• PATHOGENESIS OF PEPTIC ULCERS
• OVERVIEW OF TREATMENT—DRUG THERAPY
• OVERVIEW OF TREATMENT—NONDRUG THERAPY
• ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS
• HISTAMINE2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS—CIMETIDINE
• PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS—OMEPRAZOLE
• OTHER ANTIULCER DRUGS
• ANTACIDS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 83. Laxatives
• GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
• BASIC PHARMACOLOGY OF LAXATIVES—BULK-FORMING LAXATIVES
• SURFACTANT LAXATIVES
• STIMULANT LAXATIVES
• OSMOTIC LAXATIVES
• OTHER LAXATIVES
• BOWEL CLEANSING PRODUCTS FOR COLONOSCOPY
• LAXATIVE ABUSE
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter outline
• Chapter 84. Other Gastrointestinal Drugs
• ANTIEMETICS AND THE EMETIC RESPONSE
• ANTIEMETIC DRUGS
• DRUGS FOR MOTION SICKNESS
• ANTIDIARRHEAL AGENTS
• MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA
• DRUGS FOR IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
• DRUGS FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
• PROKINETIC AGENTS—METOCLOPRAMIDE
• PALIFERMIN
• PANCREATIC ENZYMES AND DRUGS USED TO DISSOLVE GALLSTONES
• ANORECTAL PREPARATIONS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Unit XIV. Nutrition and Complementary Therapy
• Chapter 85. Vitamins
• WHAT ARE VITAMINS?
• FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
• WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
• Key Points
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 86. Drugs for Weight Loss
• ASSESSMENT OF WEIGHT-RELATED HEALTH RISK
• Pathophysiology
• OVERVIEW OF OBESITY TREATMENT
• WEIGHT-LOSS DRUGS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 87. Complementary and Alternative Therapy
• REGULATION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
• ONGOING CONCERNS REGARDING DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
• SOME COMMONLY USED DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Unit XV. Therapy of Infectious Diseases
• Chapter 88. Basic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
• ACHIEVING SELECTIVE TOXICITY
• CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS
• ACQUIRED RESISTANCE TO ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS
• SELECTION OF ANTIBIOTICS
• HOST FACTORS THAT MODIFY DRUG CHOICE, ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION, OR DOSAGE
• DOSAGE, DURATION, AND MONITORING OF TREATMENT
• THERAPY WITH ANTIBIOTIC COMBINATIONS
• PROPHYLACTIC USE OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS
• MISUSES OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS
• Key Points
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 89. Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall I: Penicillins
• INTRODUCTION TO THE PENICILLINS
• PROPERTIES OF PENICILLIN G
• PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL PENICILLINS OTHER THAN PENICILLIN G
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 90. Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall II: Other Drugs
• CEPHALOSPORINS
• CARBAPENEMS: IMIPENEM
• OTHER INHIBITORS OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS: VANCOMYCIN
• LIPOGLYCOPROTEINS: TELAVANCIN
• LIPOGLYCOPROTEINS: AZTREONAM
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 91. Bacteriostatic Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis: Tetracyclines, Macrolides, and Others
• TETRACYCLINES
• MACROLIDES: ERYTHROMYCIN
• OTHER BACTERIOSTATIC INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: CLINDAMYCIN
• OTHER BACTERIOSTATIC INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: LINEZOLID
• OTHER BACTERIOSTATIC INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: RETAPAMULIN AND MUPIROCIN
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 92. Aminoglycosides: Bactericidal Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
• BASIC PHARMACOLOGY OF THE AMINOGLYCOSIDES
• PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL AMINOGLYCOSIDES
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 93. Sulfonamide Antibiotics and Trimethoprim
• SULFONAMIDES
• SULFONAMIDE PREPARATIONS
• TRIMETHOPRIM
• TRIMETHOPRIM/SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 94. Drug Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections
• SPECIFIC URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT
• URINARY TRACT ANTISEPTICS: NITROFURANTOIN
• URINARY TRACT ANTISEPTICS: METHENAMINE
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 95. Antimycobacterial Agents: Drugs for Tuberculosis
• CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR TUBERCULOSIS
• PHARMACOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• RIFAMPIN
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 96. Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs: Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, Daptomycin, Rifampin, Rifaximin, and Fidaxomicin
• FLUOROQUINOLONES: CIPROFLOXACIN
• ADDITIONAL ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS: METRONIDAZOLE
• ADDITIONAL ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS: DAPTOMYCIN
• ADDITIONAL ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS: RIFAMPIN, RIFAXIMIN, AND FIDAXOMICIN
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 97. Antifungal Agents
• DRUGS FOR SYSTEMIC MYCOSES: AMPHOTERICIN B, A POLYENE ANTIBIOTIC
• DRUGS FOR SYSTEMIC MYCOSES: ITRACONAZOLE
• DRUGS FOR SYSTEMIC MYCOSES: CASPOFUNGIN
• FLUCYTOSINE, A PYRIMIDINE ANALOG
• DRUGS FOR SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES: OVERVIEW OF DRUG THERAPY
• DRUGS FOR SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES: ANTIFUNGALS
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 98. Antiviral Agents I: Drugs for Non-HIV Viral Infections
• DRUGS FOR INFECTION WITH HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUSES AND VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS
• DRUGS FOR CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
• VIRAL HEPATITIS
• DRUGS FOR INFLUENZA
• DRUGS FOR RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS
• DRUGS FOR CORONAVIRUS DISEASE OF 2019 (COVID-19)
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 99. Antiviral Agents II: Drugs for HIV Infection and Related Opportunistic Infections
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• DRUG INTERACTIONS AND COMPLICATIONS
• CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS
• NUCLEOSIDE/NUCLEOTIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
• NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
• PROTEASE INHIBITORS
• INTEGRASE STRAND TRANSFER INHIBITORS
• HIV FUSION INHIBITORS
• CCR5 ANTAGONISTS
• ATTACHMENT INHIBITOR
• POST-ATTACHMENT INHIBITOR
• MANAGEMENT OF HIV INFECTION
• PREVENTING HIV INFECTION WITH DRUGS
• PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
• HIV VACCINES
• KEY POINTS
• Summary of Major Nursing Implications
• EFAVIRENZ (Prototype for Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 100. Drug Therapy for Sexually Transmitted Infections
• CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS
• GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
• SYPHILIS
• BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
• TRICHOMONIASIS
• GENITAL HERPES
• NONGONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS
• PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
• ACUTE EPIDIDYMITIS
• PROCTITIS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 101. Antiseptics and Disinfectants
• GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
• PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS
• HAND HYGIENE FOR HEALTH CARE WORKERS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Unit XVI. Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases
• Chapter 102. Anthelmintics
• CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITIC WORMS
• HELMINTHIC INFESTATIONS
• DRUGS OF CHOICE FOR HELMINTHIASIS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 103. Antiprotozoal Drugs I: Antimalarial Agents
• BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
• PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMALARIAL THERAPY
• PHARMACOLOGY OF THE MAJOR ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 104. Antiprotozoal Drugs II: Miscellaneous Agents
• PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS
• DRUGS OF CHOICE FOR PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 105. Ectoparasiticides
• ECTOPARASITIC INFESTATIONS
• PHARMACOLOGY OF ECTOPARASITICIDES
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Unit XVII. Cancer Chemotherapy
• Chapter 106. Basic Principles of Cancer Treatment
• OVERVIEW OF CANCER TREATMENT
• WHAT IS CANCER?
• THE GROWTH FRACTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CHEMOTHERAPY
• OBSTACLES TO SUCCESSFUL CHEMOTHERAPY
• STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING MAXIMUM BENEFITS FROM CHEMOTHERAPY
• MAJOR TOXICITIES OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
• MAKING THE DECISION TO TREAT
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 107. Anticancer Drugs I: Cytotoxic Agents
• INTRODUCTION TO THE CYTOTOXIC ANTICANCER DRUGS
• ALKYLATING AGENTS
• PLATINUM COMPOUNDS
• ANTIMETABOLITES
• HYPOMETHYLATING AGENTS
• ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS
• MITOTIC INHIBITORS
• TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS
• MISCELLANEOUS CYTOTOXIC DRUGS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 108. Anticancer Drugs II: Hormonal Agents, Targeted Drugs, and Other Noncytotoxic Anticancer Drugs
• NON-CYTOTOXIC DRUGS FOR BREAST CANCER
• ANTIESTROGENS: TAMOXIFEN
• AROMATASE INHIBITORS: ANASTROZOLE
• TRASTUZUMAB
• PALBOCICLIB AND RIBOCICLIB
• DENOSUMAB AND BISPHOSPHONATES FOR SKELETAL-RELATED EVENTS
• NON-CYTOTOXIC DRUGS FOR PROSTATE CANCER
• ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY
• OTHER NON-CYTOTOXIC DRUGS FOR PROSTATE CANCER: SIPULEUCEL-T
• TARGETED ANTICANCER DRUGS: KINASE INHIBITORS
• OTHER TARGETED DRUGS
• IMMUNOSTIMULANTS: INTERFERON ALFA-2B
• IMMUNOSTIMULANTS: ALDESLEUKIN (INTERLEUKIN-2)
• IMMUNOSTIMULANTS: BACILLUS CALMETTE–GUÉRIN VACCINE
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Unit XVIII. Miscellaneous Drugs and Therapies
• Chapter 109. Drugs for Eye Conditions and Diseases
• DRUGS FOR GLAUCOMA
• CYCLOPLEGICS AND MYDRIATICS
• DRUGS FOR ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
• DRUGS FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
• ADDITIONAL OPHTHALMIC DRUGS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 110. Drugs for Skin Conditions
• ANATOMY OF THE SKIN
• TOPICAL DRUG FORMULATIONS
• TOPICAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS
• KERATOLYTIC AGENTS
• ACNE
• DRUGS FOR ROSACEA
• SUNSCREENS
• PSORIASIS
• DRUGS FOR ACTINIC KERATOSES
• DRUGS FOR ATOPIC DERMATITIS (ECZEMA)
• AGENTS FOR WART REMOVAL
• DRUGS FOR MISCELLANEOUS SKIN AND HAIR CONDITIONS
• SKIN INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS
• Drugs for Superficial Fungal Infections
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 111. Drugs for Ear Conditions
• ANATOMY OF THE EAR
• OTITIS MEDIA AND ITS MANAGEMENT
• OTITIS EXTERNA
• KEY POINTS
• SUMMARY OF MAJOR NURSING IMPLICATIONS
• Chapter Outline
• Unit XIX. Toxicology
• Chapter 112. Management of Poisoning
• FUNDAMENTALS OF TREATMENT
• DRUGS AND PROCEDURES USED TO MINIMIZE POISON ABSORPTION
• DRUGS AND PROCEDURES USED FOR POISON REMOVAL
• SPECIFIC ANTIDOTES
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Chapter 113. Potential Weapons of Biologic, Radiologic, and Chemical Terrorism
• BACTERIA AND VIRUSES: BACILLUS ANTHRACIS (ANTHRAX)
• BACTERIA AND VIRUSES: FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS (TULAREMIA)
• BACTERIA AND VIRUSES: YERSINIA PESTIS (PNEUMONIC PLAGUE)
• BACTERIA AND VIRUSES: VARIOLA VIRUS (SMALLPOX)
• BIOTOXINS
• CHEMICAL WEAPONS
• RADIOLOGIC WEAPONS
• KEY POINTS
• Chapter Outline
• Appendix A. Canadian Drug Information
• Appendix B. Prototype Drugs and Their Major Uses
• Index
• Special Interest Topics