Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Acknowledgements
• Preface
• Contents
• Table of Cases
• Table of Legislation
• Introduction Essential Directions on Using the Casebook
• I. The content and Structure of the Casebook
• II. Legal systems in General
• II.A Sources of Law
• II.A.1 Civil Law
• II.A.1.a Source: Different Forms of Legislation
• II.A.1.b Source: Court Decisions
• II.A.1.c Source: Customary Law
• II.A.1.d Source: Doctrine
• II.A.1.e Hierarchy of Sources of Law
• II.A.2 Common Law
• II.A.2.a Common Law and Equity
• II.A.2.b Source: Case Law and the Rule of Precedent
• II.A.2.c Source: Legislation
• II.A.2.d Source: Academic Commentary
• II.A.2.e Hierarchy of Sources
• II.B Types of Case Law
• II.B.1 French Law
• II.B.2 German Law
• II.B.3 Dutch Law
• II.B.4 The Law of England and Wales
• II.B.5 The Role of International Courts
• II.C Property Law
• II.C.1 France
• II.C.2 Germany
• II.C.3 The Netherlands
• II.C.4 England and Wales
• Chapter One: General Issues: Setting the Scene
• I. Introductory remarks
• I.A What is ‘property’ law?
• I.A.1 Classic approaches
• I.A.2 Modern approaches
• I.B Terminology and the use of English
• I.C The nature of property rights
• II. Importance of understanding the history of property law
• II.A The French Revolution
• II.B Abolishing the feudal system does not always mean abolishing feudal concepts
• II.C A fragmented or a unified system of property law?
• III. Numerus clausus
• III.A Numerus clausus in theory
• III.B Limitations on party autonomy
• III.B.1 Typenzwang
• III.B.2 Typenfixierung
• III.C Legal provisions on numerus clausus 72
• III.D Is the list of property rights really closed?
• IV. Transparency: specificity and publicity
• V. Ground rules
• Concise bibliography
• Chapter Two: the Protection of Property Rights
• I. Civil law
• I.A Possession and possessory claims
• I.A.1 Possession
• I.A.1.a France
• I.A.1.b Germany
• I.A.1.c Austria
• I.A.2 Protection of possession
• I.A.2.a France
• I.A.2.b Germany
• (i) Self-help
• (ii) Possessory actions
• (iii) Claim for restoration of possession
• (iv) Protection in tort and unjust enrichment
• I.A.2.c Austria
• (i) Possessory protection
• (ii) Actio Publiciana
• I.B Protection of ownership
• I.B.1 France
• I.B.1.a Immovable objects
• (i) Right to removal
• (ii) Proof of ownership
• (iii) Troubles de voisinage (neighbour law)
• I.B.1.b Movable objects
• I.B.2 Germany
• I.B.2.a Assertion of ownership (rei vindicatio)
• I.B.2.b Injunction (actio negatoria) and right to removal
• (i) Definition of interference
• (ii) Definition of interferer
• I.B.3 Austria
• II. Common law
• II.A Land
• II.A.1 Dispossession
• II.A.2 Other interference
• II.A.2.a Trespass to land
• II.A.2.b Nuisance
• II.B Goods
• II.B.1 Trespass
• II.B.2 Conversion
• III. Comparative overview
• III.A Civil law and common law: the fundamental difference
• III.B Protection of property rights in civil law
• III.B.1 Possession
• III.B.2 Ownership
• III.C The protection of property rights in English law
• Concise bibliography
• Chapter Three: Types of Property Rights—Immovables and Movables (Goods)
• I. Civil law
• I.A Ownership
• I.A.1 Legislation on ownership
• I.A.2 ‘Most comprehensive’ nature of the right of ownership
• I.A.3 Unitary nature
• I.A.4 Limitations on the rights of the owner
• I.A.4.a Limitations by law
• I.A.4.b Limitations by contract
• I.A.4.c Limitations in neighbour law
• I.A.5 Co-ownership
• I.A.6 Security ownership
• I.B Real servitudes
• I.B.1 Rules common to French, German and Dutch law
• I.B.2 French law: legal servitudes
• I.C Personal servitudes
• I.C.1 Usufruct
• I.C.2 Quasi-usufruct
• I.C.3 Use and habitation
• I.C.4 Germany: limited personal servitudes
• (i) Regular servitudes
• (ii) Security servitudes
• I.C.5 German law: real burdens
• I.D Emphyteusis 273
• I.D.1 General rules common to French and Dutch law.
• I.D.2 Ownership of constructions made by the holder of an Emphyteusis
• I.D.3 Payment of a sum of money for an Emphyteusis and the right in practice
• I.D.4 French law: the construction lease
• I.E Superficies
• I.E.1 Rules common to French, German and Dutch law
• I.E.2 Content of the right of superficies
• I.F Apartment rights
• I.F.1 French law
• I.F.2 German law
• I.F.3 Dutch law
• I.F.4 A comparison of German, Dutch and French law
• I.G German law: options to purchase
• I.H French law in reform: special property right to use
• I.I Security rights: hypothec
• I.J Borderline cases
• I.J.1 Dutch law: ‘qualitative duties’
• I.J.2 Lease of assets
• I.J.2.a French and German law
• I.A.2.b Dutch law
• I.A.3 German law: acquisition rights (Anwartschaftsrechte)
• II. Common law
• II.A Land
• II.A.1 A numerus clausus of property rights in land at common law
• II.A.2 Estates in land not ‘ownership’
• II.A.3 Possession as a root of title
• II.A.4 Estates in land
• II.A.5 Leases of land
• II.A.6 Easements
• II.A.7 Profits à prendre
• II.A.8 Rentcharges
• II.A.9 Restrictive covenants
• II.A.10 Estate contracts
• II.A.11 Options to purchase
• II.A.12 Equities of redemption
• II.A.13 Legal and equitable charges
• II.A.14 Licences over land: a borderline case
• II.B Goods
• II.B.1 Introduction
• II.B.1.a No doctrine of estates for chattels
• II.B.1.b No concept of ‘ownership’ of chattels
• II.B.2 Title
• II.B.3 Limited doctrine of life estates in testamentary dispositions
• II.B.4 Power to rescind contract of sale and revest title
• II.B.5 Servitudes over goods
• II.B.6 Leases of goods
• II.B.7 Security rights over goods
• III. Comparative overview
• III.A Legacy of feudalism
• III.B No concept of ownership in English law
• III.C Debt to Roman law
• III.D The numerus clausus principle
• III.E A dislike of positive burdens
• III.F No servitudes in gross
• III.G Status of lease in different systems
• Concise bibliography
• Chapter Four: Property Rights in Respect of Claims
• I. General introduction
• I.A The notion of ‘claim’
• I.B Claims as objects of property law?
• I.C Further delimitation of the content of this chapter: ‘incorporeal claims’
• I.D Claims as an object of property law? Different approaches
• II. ‘Ownership’ of claims
• II.A Ownership of incorporeal objects?
• II.A.1 French law
• II.A.2 German law
• II.A.3 Austrian law
• II.A.4 Dutch law
• II.A.5 English law
• II.A.6 Comparative remarks
• II.B Acquisition of (the ownership of) claims
• II.B.1 Transposition of the principles on the acquision of ownership of corporeal objects?
• II.B.2 Assignment of claims
• II.B.2.a General principles
• (i) German law
• (ii) French law
• (iii) Belgian law
• (iv) Dutch law
• (v) English law
• (vi) Comparative remarks
• II.B.2.b Priority in case of one or more subsequent assignments
• II.B.2.c Contractual prohibition of assignment of claims (pactum de non cedendo)
• (i) German law
• (ii) French law
• (iii) Belgian law
• (iv) Dutch law
• (v) English law
• (vi) Comparative remarks
• III. Right of usufruct in respect to claims
• III.A General statutory provisions on usufruct of claims
• III.B Right to collect the claim: French and Belgian law
• III.C Right to collect the claim: German law
• III.D Right to collect the claim: Dutch law
• IV. Security interests in claims
• V. Comparative overview
• V.A Property law and claims
• V.B A special type of object
• V.C A special type of property right in respect to it
• Concise bibliography
• Chapter Five: Security Interests
• I. Types of security rights
• II. Common features of security rights
• II.A Accessory nature of the security interests
• II.B Specificity of the secured claim
• II.C Prohibition of unjustified enrichment
• II.D Publicity of property security rights/reputed ownership in decline
• II.E Disproportionate security rights
• III. Right of pledge
• III.A Right of pledge of corporeal movable assets
• III.A.1 Nature of the right of pledge
• III.A.2 Dispossession of the pledgor
• III.A.3 Realisation of the pledge
• III.A.4 Fixed charge–floating charge
• II.A.4.a French law
• III.A.4.b Belgian law
• III.A.4.c Dutch law
• III.A.4.d German law
• III.A.4.e English law
• III.B Right of pledge in respect of claims
• IV. The right of ownership as security instrument
• IV.A Retention of title
• IV.A.1 Basic legislation on reservation of ownership
• IV.A.2 Reservation of title as an accessory right?
• IV.A.3 Claims which can be secured by a retention of title
• IV.A.4 Position of the purchaser under title retention
• IV.A.5 Resale of the Assets under Retention of title
• IV.A.5.a Power of the buyer to resell the goods
• IV.A.5.b Rights of the original seller to the proceeds of the resale
• IV.A.6 Manufacturing of the assets under retention of title
• IV.B Transfer of ownership for security purposes
• IV.B.1 French law
• IV.B.2 Belgian law
• IV.B.3 German law
• IV.B.4 Dutch law
• IV.B.5 English law: the mortgage
• IV.B.6 Comparative remarks
• V. Right of retention/lien
• V.A German law
• V.B Dutch law
• V.C Common law lien
• V.D Comparative notes
• VI. Security rights in immovable assets
• VI.A Definition of a right of hypothec—comparison with the (English) mortgage
• VI.B Main features of a hypothec
• VI.B.1 Immovable nature of a hypothec
• VI.B.2 Formal nature of a hypothec
• VI.B.3 Accessory nature of a hypothec
• VI.B.3.a Semi-exception: rechargeable hypothec (hypothèque rechargeable) in French law
• VI.B.3.b Full exception: security land charge (Sicherungsgrundschuld) in German law
• VI.C Priority ranking of rights of hypothec
• VI.D Realisation of a right of hypothec
• VI.D.1 French law
• VI.D.2 German law
• VI.D.3 Dutch law
• VI.D.4 English law
• Concise bibliography
• Chapter Six: Management: Trust, Treuhand and Fiducie
• I. General overview
• I.A The common law trust
• I.B The fiduziarische Treuhand
• I.B.1 Nature and scope of the fiduziarische Treuhand
• I.B.2 Parties to the Treuhand
• I.B.3 The subject-matter of the Treuhand (the Treugut)
• I.B.4 Formality requirements and registration of the Treuhand
• I.C The fiducie
• I.C.1 Nature, scope and validity of the fiducie
• I.C.2 Parties to the fiducie
• I.C.3 Form and content of the fiducie
• I.C.4 Registration
• I.C.5 Modification, revocation and termination of the fiducie
• II. Misappropriation of assets by the manager
• II.A English law
• II.B German law
• II.C French law
• III. The death of the manager
• III.A English law
• III.B German law
• III.C French law
• IV. Insolvency of the manager (including cases where personal creditors of the manager try to seize the fund he is managing)
• IV.A English law
• IV.B German law
• IV.C French law
• V. Insolvency of the settlor, Treugeber and constituant, including cases where his personal creditors try to seize the fund
• V.A English law
• V.B German law
• V.C French law
• VI. Comparative overview
• VI.A Communalities and differences in relation to the proprietary aspects investigated
• VI.A.1 Misappropriation of assets by the manager
• VI.A.2 Death of the manager, settlor, Treugeber or constituant
• VI.A.3 Insolvency of the manager or attacks by personal creditors
• VI.A.4 Insolvency of the transferor or attacks by his personal creditors
• Concise bibliography
• Chapter Seven: Creation
• I. Accession
• I.A Accession of movables to land
• I.A.1 Dutch law
• I.A.2 German law
• I.A.3 English law
• I.A.4 French law
• I.A.5 Comparative overview
• I.B Right of removal
• I.C Accession of movables to movables
• II. Commingling
• II.A Dutch law
• II.B German law
• II.C English law
• II.D French law
• III. Specificatio
• III.A Dutch law
• III.B German law
• III.C English law
• III.D French law
• III.E The borderline between specificatio and fruits
• IV. Acquisitive prescription
• IV.A Acquisition of ownership by prescription
• IV.A.1 French law
• IV.A.1.a The general provision on prescription
• IV.A.1.b The prescription periods
• IV.A.1.c The requirement of possession
• IV.A.1.d Special requirements for the ten-year prescription period
• (i) Requirement of good faith
• (ii) Requirement of a legal ground
• (iii) Additional requirements for acquisitive prescription
• (iv) Peaceful possession
• (v) Publicly visible possession
• (vi) Unequivocal possession
• (vii) Permission
• (viii) Succession of the predecessor’s possession
• IV.A.2 Dutch law
• IV.A.2.a Prescription periods
• IV.A.2.b Possession
• IV.A.2.c Good faith
• IV.A.2.d Unequivocal possession
• IV.A.2.e Permission
• IV.A.3 German law
• IV.A.4 English law
• IV.B Acquisition of a servitude by prescription
• IV.B.1 French law
• IV.B.1a Possession
• IV.B.1.b Visibility and permanence
• IV.B.1.c Unequivocal possession
• IV.B.1.d No prescription beyond your possession
• IV.B.1.e No possession in the case of permission or tolerance
• IV.B.1.f Compulsory right of way (enclave)
• IV.B.2 Dutch law
• IV.B.2.a The ten-year period and the difficult requirement of good faith
• IV.B.2.b The twenty-year period of Article 3:105 BW
• IV.B.2.c Possession of a servitude
• (i) Recognisability
• (ii) Visibility and permanence
• IV.B.2.d Unequivocal possession
• IV.B.2.e No possession in the case of permission or tolerance
• IV.B.2.f The consequence of permission (other than toleration)
• IV.B.2.g Compulsory right of way
• IV.B.3 German law
• IV.B.4 English law
• IV.B.4.a Continuous use
• IV.B.4.b Tantum praescriptum quantum possessum
• IV.B.4.c Easement of necessity and other implied easements
• Concise bibliography
• Chapter Eight: Transfer
• General introduction
• I. Transfer Systems
• I.A Payment of money: transfer?
• I.B The first dividing line: the tradition system and the consensual system
• I.B.1 Introduction
• I.B.2 French law
• I.B.3 English law
• I.B.4 Dutch law
• I.B.5 German law
• I.B.6 Austrian law
• I.C Exceptions to the consensual transfer system
• I.C.1 Generic goods
• I.C.2 Sale ex bulk under the Sale of Goods Act
• I.C.3 Goods that have yet to be manufactured
• I.C.4 Rejection of defective goods
• I.D Transfer of possession: traditio vera and traditio ficta
• I.D.1 Traditio symbolica
• I.D.2 Traditio brevi manu
• I.D.3 Constitutum possessorium (attornment of transferor to transferee)
• I.D.4 Attornment by a third party in possession
• I.E The second dividing line: abstract and causal transfer systems
• I.E.1 French law
• I.E.2 English law
• I.E.2.a Illegal contracts
• I.E.3 The abstract German and the causal Dutch and Austrian transfer system
• I.E.4 Practical differences between causal and abstract transfer systems
• I.E.5 Mitigation of the abstract system in German law
• I.E.6 English law: transfers outside Sale of Goods Act
• I.F Comparative overview
• II. Transfer of property rights in land and land register
• II.A Germany and Austria
• II.A.1 The transfer of property rights in land
• II.A.1.a Germany
• II.A.1.b Austria
• II.A.2 The land register
• II.A.2.a Organisation and structure of the land register
• II.A.2.b Competent authority and legal review
• II.A.2.c Registration procedure
• II.A.2.d Publicity of the land register
• II.A.2.e Registrable rights and interests
• II.A.2.f Effects of registration
• (i) Effect between the parties
• (ii) Third party effect
• II.A.2.g The priority notice (Vormerkung)
• II.B English law
• II.B.1 The transfer of property rights in land
• II.B.2 The land register
• II.B.2.a Organisation and structure of the land register
• II.B.2.b Competent authority and legal review
• II.B.2.c Registration procedure
• (i) First registration and registered dispositions
• (ii) Registration procedure
• II.B.3 Publicity of the land register
• II.B.3.a Registrable rights and interests
• II.B.3.b Effect of registration—first registration
• II.B.3.c Effect of registration—registered land
• (i) Conclusiveness of the register
• (ii) Priority
• (iii) Alteration
• (iv) Indemnification
• II.C French law
• II.C.1 Transfer of property rights in land
• II.C.2 The land register
• II.C.2.a Organisation and structure of the land register
• II.C.2.b Registration procedure, competent authority and legal review
• II.C.2.c Publicity of the land register
• II.C.2.d Registrable rights and interests
• II.C.2.e Effect of registration
• III. Creation of limited property rights
• III.A Content of limited property rights
• III.B Creation of limited property rights
• III.B.1 French law
• III.B.2 Dutch law
• III.B.3 German law
• III.B.4 Austrian law
• IV. Comparative overview
• IV.A Transfer of property rights in land
• IV.B The land register
• IV.B.1 Organisation and structure of the land register
• IV.B.2 Competent authority, legal review and registration procedure
• IV.B.3 Publicity of the land register
• IV.B.4 Effects of registration
• Concise bibliography
• Chapter Nine: Destruction
• I. Introduction
• II. Civil law
• II.A Destruction of the subject-matter of the right
• II.A.1 French law
• II.A.2 German law
• II.A.3 Dutch law
• II.B. Destruction of the right
• II.B.1 Creation of property rights (original acquisition)
• II.B.2 Third party protection (good faith purchase/acquisition)
• II.B.2.a French law
• (i) No requirement of valuable consideration in French law
• (ii) Good faith
• (iii) Stolen or lost goods
• (iv) Actual possession
• II.B.2.b German law
• (i) Good faith
• (ii) Stolen and lost goods
• (iii) Actual possession
• II.B.2.c Dutch law
• (i) Good faith
• (ii) Stolen property
• (iii) Actual possession
• II.B.3 Abandonment
• II.B.3.a French law
• (i) Abandonment of ownership
• (ii) Effects of abandonment
• (iii) Special rules on abandonment
• II.B.3.b German law
• (i) Abandonment of ownership of movable object
• (ii) Abandonment of ownership of immovable objects
• (iii) Abandonment of property rights
• II.B.3.c Dutch law
• (i) Abandonment of ownership of movable objects
• (ii) Abandonment of ownership of immovable objects
• (iii) Abandonment of property rights other than ownership
• II.B.4 Merger of rights
• II.B.4.a French law
• (i) Merger of rights in French law
• (ii) Exceptions to destruction of property rights through merger
• II.B.4.b German law
• (i) Merger of rights in German law
• (ii) Exceptions to destruction of property rights through merger
• II.B.4.c Dutch law
• II.B.5 Termination of rights
• II.B.5.a French law
• II.B.5.b German law
• II.B.5.c Dutch law
• II.B.6 Extinctive prescription
• II.B.6.a French law
• (i) General rules on prescription
• (ii) Start of the prescription period
• (iii) Special rules
• II.B.6.b German law
• (i) General rules on prescription
• (ii) Start of the prescription period
• (iii) Prescription of property rights on immovable objects
• (iv) Specific rules on prescription
• II.B.6.c Dutch law
• (i) General rules on prescription
• (ii) Start of the prescription period
• (iii) Specific rules on prescription
• II.B.7 Realisation of a property right
• II.B.8 Destruction specific to certain rights
• II.B.8.a French law
• II.B.8.b German law
• II.B.8.c Dutch law
• III. Common Law
• III.A Destruction of Subject-matter of Right
• III.A.1 Accession
• III.B Destruction of Right
• III.B.1 Limitation
• III.B.1.a Land
• III.B.1.b Goods
• III.B.2 Satisfaction of Judgment in Conversion
• III.B.3 Good Faith Purchase
• III.B.3.a Titles to Money
• III.B.3.b Title to Goods other than Money
• (i) Sale by Seller in Possession
• (ii) Sale by Buyer in Possession before Title Passes
• (iii) Purchase in Good Faith and for Value of a Voidable Title
• (iv) A Special Regime for Cars on Credit
• III.B.4 Estoppel
• III.B.5 Abandonment
• IV. Comparative Remarks
• IV.A Approach
• IV.B Terminology
• IV.C Destruction of Subject-Matter
• IV.D Destruction of Right
• IV.E Techniques of Destruction
• IV.F Prescription and Limitation
• IV.G Third Party Protection and Bona Fide Purchasers
• IV.H Abandonment
• Concise Bibliography
• Chapter Ten: Uniform or Harmonised Property Law
• I. Harmonisation of Property Law
• I.A Introduction
• I.B Methods of Harmonisation
• I.C Harmonising Property Law
• I.D Content of the Chapter
• II. Private International Law and Property Law
• III. Harmonisation at the Level of the European Union
• III.A Introduction
• III.B Harmonisaton by Enactment of EU Legislation
• III.B.1 Legislative Instruments: Regulations and Directives
• III.B.2 Legal Basis of Unification or Harmonisation
• III.B.3 Exclusion of Property Law?—Article 345 TFEU
• III.C Existing EU Property Law
• III.C.1 Cultural Objects
• III.C.2 Late Payments
• III.C.3 Insolvency Proceedings
• III.C.4 Financial Collateral Arrangements
• III.C.5 Emission Rights
• III.D Future EU Property Law
• III.D.1 Euromortgage
• III.D.2 Succession and Wills
• III.D.3 Matrimonial Property Law
• III.D.4 (Draft) Common Frame of Reference
• III.D.4.a Towards a Common Frame of Reference
• III.D.4.b General Provisions of the DCFR
• III.D.4.c Transfer of Ownership of Movables in the DCFR
• III.D.4.d Personal Property Security Rights in the DCFR
• III.D.4.e Trusts in the DCFR
• III.D.4.f The Next Step: Feasibility Study of the Expert Group on EU Contract Law: Towards and Optional Instrument?
• III.E Harmonisation by Internal Market Law or by Case Law of the ECJ
• III.E.1 Free Movement of Goods and Property Law
• III.E.1.a Article 34 TFEU
• III.E.1.b Article 36 TFEU
• III.E.1.c Proportionality
• III.E.1.d Case Study: Free Movement of Goods and Property Law
• III.E.2 Free Movement of Capital and Property Law
• III.E.2.a Freedom of Movement of Capital
• III.E.2.b Case study: Austrian land law regulations
• IV. Harmonisation at the Level of the Council of Europe: Article 1 First Protocol of the European Convention on Human Rights
• IV.A Article 1 First Protocol ECHR
• IV.B The approach of the European Court of Human Rights
• IV.C Case study: Pye v UK
• IV.D Effects of Article 1 First Protocol ECHR on National Property Law
• V. Harmonisation on an International level: Unidroit, Uncitral and EBRD
• V.A Unidroit: Cape Town Convention 2001 on Interests in Mobile Equipment
• V.B Uncitral Legislative Guides
• V.C Model Law on Secured Transactions of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
• VI. Multi-level Harmonisation? A Case Study of Cultural Objects
• VII. The Role of Academics and Practitioners in the Harmonisation of Property Law
• VII.A The Joined Network on European Private Law
• VII.A.1 The Study Group on a European Civil Code
• VII.B EULIS—European Land Information Service
• VII.C Crobeco—Cross-Border Electronic Conveyancing of Land
• VII.D The Trento Common Core Project
• VIII. Concluding Remarks
• VIII.A More Activity then Appears at First Sight
• VIII.B Lex Rei Sitae in Demise?
• VIII.C Towards Uniform Systems of Property Security Rights
• VIII.D Free Movement of Goods or Persons?
• VIII.E Movables and Immovables
• VIII.F European Union Property Law in the Making?
• Index