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• Detailed Contents
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Introduction
• Classical Sociology and the Great Transformation
• The Enlightenment
• The French Revolution
• The Industrial Revolution
• Classical Sociology and Modern Society
• Marx, Durkheim, and Weber: Theorists of Modernity
• Marx, Durkheim, and Weber: Defenders of Modernity
• Marx, Durkheim, and Weber: Critics of Modernity
• Marx, Durkheim, and Weber: Public Intellectuals
• The Plan of the Book
• Part I: Overview
• 2 Karl Marx (1818–1883)
• Historical Materialism
• Marx’s Materialist Conception of Society
• Marx’s Materialist Conception of History
• Marx’s Practical Materialism
• The Capitalist Mode of Production
• Capitalist Commodity Production
• The Labor Theory of Value
• Primitive Accumulation
• Labor Power: A Most Peculiar Commodity
• The Industrial Reserve Army
• The Hidden Abode of Production
• The Consumption of Labor Power
• The Secret of Profit Making
• The Exploitation of Labor
• Capitalist Contradictions and Crisis Tendencies
• Capitalist Development and Socialist Revolution
• Capitalism as a Modernizing Force
• The Historical Mission of Capitalism
• The Formation of a Revolutionary Working Class
• 3 Emile Durkheim (1858–1917)
• The Sociological Enterprise
• The Domain of Sociology
• The Social Nature of Social Facts
• The Factual Nature of Social Facts
• Explaining Social Facts
• The Normal and the Pathological
• Modern Society: Specialization and Solidarity
• Segmentary Society and Organized Society
• The Origins of the Division of Labor
• The Collective Consciousness
• Repressive Law and Restitutive Law
• Mechanical Solidarity and Organic Solidarity
• Sociology, Suicide, and Modernity
• The Social Rate of Suicide
• The Social Types of Suicide
• The Individual and Society
• Civilization and Humanity
• God and Society
• Homo Duplex
• Moral Education and the Formation of the Social Being
• 4 Max Weber (1864–1920)
• The Rationalization Theme
• The Rationalization of Social Action
• Modern Rational Capitalism
• Capitalism: Modern and Pre-Modern
• Modern Rational Capitalism: Preconditions and Characteristics
• The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
• The Spirit of Capitalism
• Ascetic Protestantism
• From Ascetic Protestantism to Modern Capitalism
• The Rise of the Capitalist System
• The Rationalization of Legitimate Authority
• Traditional Authority
• Charismatic Authority
• Rational-Legal Authority
• Legitimate Authority, Modernity, and Rationalization
• Bureaucratic Rationalization
• Science, Disenchantment, and the Crisis of Meaning
• The Circumstances of Science in the Modern World
• The Disenchantment of the World
• Empirical Judgments and Value Judgments
• Cultural Differentiation and Value Pluralism
• The Value of Science
• Modernity and Rationalization
• Part II: Themes
• 5 The Modern Condition
• Karl Marx: The Fate of the Working Class
• The Developmental Tendencies of Capitalism
• The Process of Valorization
• From Manufacture to Modern Industry
• The Immiseration of the Working Class
• The Alienation of Labor
• The Irrationality of Capitalism
• Emile Durkheim: The Malaise of Modern Society
• A State of Transition
• The Crisis of Modern Society
• Corporate Organizations
• Max Weber: The Iron Cage
• The Iron Cage
• Capitalism: The Most Fateful Force in Our Modern Life
• Bureaucracy: A Structure of Domination
• Formal and Substantive Rationality
• Marx, Durkheim, and Weber on the Modern Condition
• The Diagnosis of Modernity
• Progress and Social Change
• The End of History?
• 6 The Fate of the Individual
• Karl Marx: Free Individuality
• Capitalism, Communism, and Individuality
• Capitalism, Communism, and Freedom
• Emile Durkheim: Moral Individualism
• The Road to Individualism
• Individualism as Pathology
• Moral Individualism
• Max Weber: The Ethic of Personality
• Weber’s Concept of Freedom
• The Routinization of Everyday Life
• The Concept of Personality
• Personality, Individual Freedom, and the Iron Cage
• The Individual, Individualism, and Modernity
• Common Ground
• Modern Society and Individual Freedom
• Individualism, Freedom, and Self-Realization
• 7 The State and Democracy
• Karl Marx: True Democracy
• Marx’s Early Political Writings
• Marx’s Theory of the Capitalist State
• True Democracy
• The Paris Commune
• Democracy Equals Communism
• Emile Durkheim: The Future Belongs to Democracy
• The Role of the State in Modern Society
• The State and Democracy
• The Future Belongs to Democracy
• Max Weber: Leadership Democracy
• The State and Politics
• Democracy
• Marx, Durkheim, and Weber on the State and Democracy
• The State in Marx, Durkheim, and Weber
• The Idea of Democracy in Marx, Durkheim, and Weber
• 8 Socialism and Capitalism
• Karl Marx: The Self-Emancipation of the Working Class
• Marx’s Road to Socialism
• Marx’s Conception of Socialism and the Socialist Movement
• Marx’s Vision of a Socialist Society
• Emile Durkheim: A Cry of Grief
• Socialism and Sociology
• Durkheim’s Definition of Socialism
• Durkheim contra Marx
• Socialism and Moral Regulation
• Max Weber: The Dictatorship of the Official
• Capitalist Development and Socialist Revolution
• Against Socialism
• For Capitalism
• Capitalism, Socialism, and Modernity
• Marx, Durkheim, and Weber on Socialism
• The Worker Question and the Pathologies of Capitalism
• Capitalism, Socialism, and Modernity
• 9 Conclusion
• Notes
• Selected Bibliography
• Index
• About the Author