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• FrontCover
• Philosophy of Economics
• Copyright
• Dedication
• General Preface
• Contents
• Preface
• Contributors
• Part A : General Philosophical Themes
• Realism and Antirealism about Economics
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Scientific Realism in Conventional Philosophy of Science
• 3 Ingredients of a Minimal Scientific Realism
• 4 Commonsensibles and Their Modifications in Economic Modelling
• 5 Social Construction (What?) of What?
• 6 Conclusion
• Bibliography
• The Rise and Fall of Popper and Lakatos in Economics
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Early Engagements with Popper
• 3 Lakatos and The Emergence of Economic Methodology
• 4 The Movement From Popper and Lakatos
• 5 Appraising Economic Theories
• 6 Methodology After Lakatos
• 7 Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Models and Modelling in Economics
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Nature of Economic Models
• 3 Working with Models
• 4 Conclusions: From Models to Modelling
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Economic Theory and Causal Inference
• 1 Reductionist and Structuralist Accounts of Causality
• 2 Structual Estimation and Causality
• 3 The Assault on Macroeconometric Models
• 4 Inferring Causes from Interventions
• 5 Graph-Theoretic Accounts of Causal Structure
• 6 A Synthetic Program for Uncovering the Causal Structure of Vars
• Bibliography
• Naturalism and The Nature of Economic Evidence
• 1 Naturalism and Evidence
• 2 Nonexperimental Evidence
• 3 Experimental Evidence
• 4 Evidence and Unrealistic Causal Models
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Some Issues Concerning The Nature of Economic Explanation
• 1 Some Controversies About Explanation
• 2 Formal Criteria For Explanation in Economics
• 3 Theoretical Entities and Explanation
• 4 When Do Models Explain?
• 5 Macro and Microexplanation
• 6 Functional Explanation and Evolutionary Economics
• 7 The Nature of Economic Causes
• 8 Conclusion
• Bibliography
• The Unreasonable Efficacy of Mathematics in Modern Economics
• 1 The Classical Arguments
• 2 The Role and Functions of Mathematics in Neoclassical Economics
• 3 Post-1980 Developments in Alternative Possibilities for Mathematical Formalization in Economics
• 4 A Revival of Philosophy of Mathematics for Economics?
• Bibliography
• Feminist Philosophy of Economics
• Introduction
• What Makes an Economic Inquiry Feminist?
• Is Rational Choice Theory Androcentric?
• Values and Objectivity in Economics
• “Critical Realism:” A Contested View in Feminist Philosophy of Economics
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• The Positive-Normative Dichotomy and Economics
• 1 Introduction to The Positive-Normative Dichotomy
• 2 The History of The Positive-Normative Dichotomy in Economics
• 3 Normative and Ethically Normative
• 4 The Entanglement of Positive and (Ethically) Normative
• 5 Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Economic Theory, Anti-Economics, and Political Ideology
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Anti-Economists and Markets
• 3 Economic Theory and The Normative Status of The Market
• 4 Non-Ideological Economics
• Bibliography
• Social Scientific Naturalism and Experimentation in Economics
• 1 Is Game Theory Testable?
• 2 Difficulties in Testing Game Theory
• 3 Determining Preferences
• 4 The Implications of Preference Complexities
• 5 Some Implications for Social Scientific Naturalism
• 6 Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Part B : Specific Methods, Theories, Approaches, Paradigms, Schools, Traditions
• The Philosophy of Economic Forecasting
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Prerequisites
• 3 Forecasting, Prediction, and Economics
• 4 The Purpose of Economics
• 5 Philosophical Questions
• 6 Causality and Control
• Bibliography
• Philosophy of Econometrics
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Relevant Philosophical/Methodological Issues
• 3 Philosophy of Science and Empirical Modeling
• 4 Statistical Inference and Its Foundational Problems
• 5 Error-Statistics (E-S) and Inductive Inference
• 6 Statistical Adequacy and The Reliability of Inference
• 7 Philosophical/Methodological Issues Pertaining to Econometrics
• 8 Summary and Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Measurement in Economics
• 1 The Representational Theory of Measurement
• 2 Axiomatic Representational Theory of Measurement
• 3 Empirical Representational Theory of Measurement
• 4 Instrument Measurement
• 5 Reliable Measurement Results
• 6 Economic Modeling
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Geographical Economics and Its Neighbours — Forces Towards and Against Unification
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Geographical Economics and Its Neighbours
• 3 Explanatory Unification
• 4 Intra-Disciplinary Unification of Location, Trade and Growth
• 5 Inter-Disciplinary Unification: Economics Imperialism
• 6 Unrealistic Assumptions, Idealizations and Explanatory Power
• 7 Concluding Remarks
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• The Homo Economicus Conception of The Individual: An Ontological Approach
• 1 Existence as a Category of Investigation
• 2 What Exists in Economics?
• 3 The Homo Economicus Conception of the Individual
• 4 The Problem of Multiple Selves
• 5 Three Precursor Social Identity Arguments
• 6 Recent Social Identity Arguments
• 7 The Conception of The Individual in Recent Economics
• Bibliography
• Rational Choice and Some Difficulties for Consequentialism
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Transitivity
• 3 Independence
• 4 Difficulties with The Formalisation of Non-Dictatorship
• 5 The Identification Problem
• 6 Summary
• Bibliography
• Rational Choice, Preferences Over Actions and Rule-Following Behavior
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Rationality Principle and Rationality Hypotheses in Economics
• 3 Adjusting the Utility Function
• 4 Preferences Over Actions and Rule Following
• 5 The Rationale of Rule-Following Behavior
• 6 The Explanation of Rule-Following Behavior
• 7 Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Philosophy of Game Theory
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Some Basic Concepts
• 3 Game Theory as a Normative Theory Of Rationality
• 4 Game Theory as a Predictive Theory
• 5 Conclusion
• Bibliography
• An Embarrassment of Riches: Modeling Social Preferences in Ultimatum Games
• 1 Social Preferences
• 2 Analysis Based on Bug
• 3 Variants to Bug
• 4 Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Experimentation in Economics
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Theory and Experiment
• 3 Experimental Inferences
• 4 External Validity
• 5 The Philosophical Relevance of Experimental Economics‘ Results
• 6 Other Issues and Readings
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Behavioral Economics
• 1 Introduction
• 2 The Intellectual Backdrop
• 3 Psychological Approaches During The Late Neoclassical Period
• 4 The “New” Behavioral Economics
• 5 The Methods of Behavioral Economics
• 6 Current Directions
• 7 Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• The Economic Agent: Not Human, But Important
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Economic Agency
• 3 Animal Agents
• 4 The Heartland of Economics
• 5 Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics: The Molar and The Molecular
• 6 People as Coordinating Equilibria
• Bibliography
• Ontological Issues in Evolutionary Economics: The Debate Between Generalized Darwinism and The Conti
• Introduction
• Conclusions
• Bibliography
• Public Choice: A Methodological Perspective
• Introduction and Overview
• 1 Homo Oeconomicus Goes Politics
• 2 Normative Public Choice
• Conclusions
• Bibliography
• Judgment Aggregation: A Short Introduction
• 1 Introduction
• 2 A Problem of Majority Inconsistency
• 3 The Basic Model of Judgment Aggregation
• 4 A General Impossibility Result
• 5 Avoiding the Impossibility
• 6 The Relationship to Other Aggregation Problems
• 7 Concluding Remarks
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• The Economics of Scientific Knowledge
• 1 The Idea of an Economics of Scientific Knowledge
• 2 The Optimisation Paradigm
• 3 Epistemic Utility Approaches
• 4 The Exchange Paradigm
• 5 Social Mechanisms for Knowledge Production
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Index of Names
• General Index