Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Reviewers
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Contents
• Part 1: Introduction to Nursing Pharmacology
• 1 Introduction to Drugs
• Sources of Drugs
• Natural Sources
• Synthetic Sources
• Drug Evaluation
• Preclinical Trials
• Phase I Studies
• Phase II Studies
• Phase III Studies
• Food and Drug Administration Approval
• Phase IV Studies
• FDA Labels and “Off-Label” Uses
• Legal Regulation of Drugs
• Safety During Pregnancy
• Controlled Substances
• Generic Drugs
• Orphan Drugs
• Over-the-Counter Drugs
• Behind-the-Counter Drugs
• Sources of Drug Information
• Drug Labels
• Package Inserts
• Reference Books
• Journals
• Internet Information
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 2 Drugs and the Body
• Pharmacodynamics
• Receptor Sites
• Drug–Enzyme Interactions
• Selective Toxicity
• Pharmacokinetics
• Critical Concentration and Therapeutic Index
• Loading Dose
• Dynamic Equilibrium
• Factors Influencing Drug Effects
• Weight
• Age
• Sex
• Physiological Factors
• Pathological Factors
• Genetic Factors
• Immunological Factors
• Psychological Factors
• Environmental Factors
• Tolerance
• Accumulation
• Interactions
• Optimal Therapeutic Effect
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 3 Toxic Effects of Drugs
• Adverse Effects
• Primary Actions
• Secondary Actions
• Drug Allergy or Hypersensitivity
• Drug-Induced Tissue and Organ Damage
• Dermatological Reactions
• Gastrointestinal Irritation
• Superinfections
• Blood Dyscrasia
• Toxicity
• Hepatotoxicity
• Nephrotoxicity
• Poisoning
• Alterations in Glucose Metabolism
• Hypoglycemia
• Hyperglycemia
• Electrolyte Imbalances
• Hypokalemia
• Hyperkalemia
• Sensory Effects
• Ocular Damage
• Auditory Damage
• Neurological Effects
• General Central Nervous System Effects
• Anticholinergic Effects
• Extrapyramidal Symptoms
• Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
• Teratogenicity
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 4 The Nursing Process in Drug Therapy and Patient Safety
• Nursing: Art and Science
• The Nursing Process
• Assessment
• Nursing Conclusion
• Medication Errors
• Nurse’s Role
• The Patient’s Role
• Reporting of Medication Errors
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 5 Dosage Calculations
• Measuring Systems
• Metric System
• Apothecary System
• Household System
• Avoirdupois System
• Other Systems
• Conversion Between Systems
• Calculating Dose
• Oral Drugs
• Injectable Dosage
• Intravenous Solutions
• Body Weight versus Body Surface Area
• Pediatric Considerations
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• Complete the Following Problems
• 6 Challenges to Effective Drug Therapy
• Consumer Awareness
• Media Influence
• The Internet
• Over-the-Counter Drugs
• Alternative Therapies and Herbal Medicine
• Costs of Health Care and the Importance of Patient Teaching
• Health Maintenance Organizations and Regulations
• Home Care
• Cost Considerations
• Emergency Preparedness for Bioterrorism and Pandemics
• Drug Misuse and the Opioid Crisis
• Protecting the Environment
• COVID-19 and the Health Care System
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• Part 2 Chemotherapeutic Agents
• 7 Introduction to Cell Physiology
• The Cell
• Cell Nucleus
• Cell Membrane
• Cell Properties
• Homeostasis
• Passive Transport
• Active Transport
• Cell Cycle
• G0 Phase
• G1 Phase
• S Phase
• G2 Phase
• M Phase
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 8 Anti-infective Agents
• Therapeutic Actions
• Anti-Infective Activity
• Human Immune Response
• Resistance
• Using Anti-Infective Agents
• Treatment of Systemic Infections
• Prophylaxis
• Adverse Reactions to Anti-Infective Therapy
• Kidney Damage
• Gastrointestinal Toxicity
• Neurotoxicity
• Hypersensitivity Reactions
• Superinfections
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 9 Antibiotics
• Bacteria and Antibiotics
• Bacteria and Resistance to Antibiotics
• Aminoglycosides
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Carbapenems
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Cephalosporins
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Fluoroquinolones
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Penicillins and Penicillinase-Resistant Antibiotics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Sulfonamides
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Tetracyclines
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Clinically Important Drug–Food Interactions
• Antimycobacterials
• Antituberculosis Drugs
• Leprostatic Drugs
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Other Antibiotics
• Lincosamides
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Lipoglycopeptides
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Macrolides
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Clinically Important Drug–Food Interactions
• Oxazolidinones
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Drug–Drug Interactions
• Drug–Food Interactions
• Monobactam Antibiotic
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Miscellaneous Antibiotics
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 10 Antiviral Agents
• Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Agents for Herpes and Cytomegalovirus
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Agents for HIV and AIDS
• Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Significant Drug–Drug Interactions
• Protease Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Significant Drug–Drug Interactions
• Fusion Inhibitor
• CCR5 Coreceptor Antagonist
• Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors
• Anti-Hepatitis B Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Anti-Hepatitis C Agents
• Therapeutic Effects and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug Interactions
• Locally Active Antiviral Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• 11 Antifungal Agents
• Systemic Antifungals
• Azole Antifungals
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Echinocandin Antifungals
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Other Antifungal Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Topical Antifungals
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 12 Antiprotozoal Agents
• Malaria
• Life Cycle of Plasmodium
• Antimalarials
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Other Protozoal Infections
• Amebiasis
• Leishmaniasis
• Trypanosomiasis
• Trichomoniasis
• Giardiasis
• Toxoplasmosis
• Other Antiprotozoal Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 13 Anthelmintic Agents
• Intestine-Invading Worm Infections
• Infections by Nematodes
• Whipworm Infections
• Threadworm Infestation
• Ascaris
• Hookworm Infections
• Infections Caused by Platyhelminths
• Tissue-Invading Worm Infections
• Trichinosis
• Filariasis
• Schistosomiasis
• Anthelmintics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 14 Antineoplastic Agents
• Cancer
• Causes of Cancer
• Types of Cancer
• Antineoplastic Drugs
• Alkylating Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Antimetabolites
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Antineoplastic Antibiotics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Mitotic Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Hormones and Hormone Modulators
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Cancer Cell–Specific Agents
• Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
• Proteasome Inhibitors and Other Cancer Cell–Specific Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Miscellaneous Antineoplastics
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• Part 3 Drugs Acting on the Immune System
• 15 Introduction to the Immune Response and Inflammation
• Body Defenses
• Barrier Defenses
• Cellular Defenses
• The Inflammatory Response
• The Immune Response
• Interrelationship of the Immune and Inflammatory Responses
• Pathophysiology Involving the Immune System
• Neoplasms
• Viral Invasion of Cells
• Autoimmune Disease
• Transplant Rejection
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 16 Antiinflammatory, Antiarthritis, and Related Agents
• Antiinflammatory, Antiarthritis, and Related Agents
• Salicylates
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Patient Teaching for G.T.
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory and Related Agents
• Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Acetaminophen
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Antiarthritis Agents
• Gold Compound
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
• Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Other Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Antigout/Hyperuricemia Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 17 Immune Modulators
• Immune Stimulants
• Interferons
• Interleukins
• Colony-Stimulating Factors
• Immune Suppressants
• Immune Modulators
• T- and B-Cell Suppressors
• Interleukin Receptor Antagonist
• Monoclonal Antibodies
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 18 Vaccines and Sera
• Immunity
• Immunization
• Vaccines
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Immune Sera
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• Part 4 Drugs Acting on the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
• 19 Introduction to Nerves and the Nervous System
• Physiology of the Nervous System
• Neurons
• Action Potential
• Nerve Synapse
• Neurotransmitters
• Central Nervous System
• Anatomy of the Brain
• Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
• Functions of the Central Nervous System
• Clinical Significance of Drugs That Act on the Nervous System
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 20 Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agents
• States Affected by Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs
• Anxiety
• Sedation
• Hypnosis
• Alcohol and Alcohol Withdrawal
• Benzodiazepines Used as Anxiolytic–Hypnotics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Barbiturates Used as Anxiolytic–Hypnotics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Other Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 21 Antidepressant Agents
• Depression and Antidepressants
• Theories Connecting Neurophysiology With Depression
• Drug Therapy
• Tricyclic Antidepressants
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Clinically Important Drug–Food Interactions
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Other Antidepressants
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 22 Psychotherapeutic Agents
• Mental Disorders and Their Classifications
• Antipsychotic/Neuroleptic Drugs
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Drugs for Bipolar Disorders
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Drugs for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Narcolepsy
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 23 Antiseizure Agents
• Nature of Seizures
• Classification of Seizures
• Generalized Seizures
• Focal Seizures
• Drugs for Treating Generalized Seizures
• Hydantoins
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Barbiturates and Barbituratelike Drugs
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Benzodiazepines
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Succinimides
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Drugs That Modulate the Inhibitory Neurotransmitter GABA
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Other Medications That Are Used to Treat Generalized Seizures
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Drugs for Treating Focal Seizures
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 24 Antiparkinsonism Agents
• Parkinson’s Disease and Parkinsonism
• Pathophysiology
• Treatment
• Dopaminergic Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Anticholinergic Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Adjunctive Agents
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 25 Muscle Relaxants
• Nerves and Movement
• Spinal Reflexes
• Brain Control
• Neuromuscular Abnormalities
• Muscle Spasm
• Muscle Spasticity
• Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Direct-Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 26 Opioid Agonists, Opioid Antagonists, and Antimigraine Agents
• Pain
• Pain Impulse Transmission and Perception
• Pain Receptors
• Pain Perception
• Pain Management
• Opioids
• Opioid Agonists
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Opioid Agonists–Antagonists
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Opioid Antagonists
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Migraine Headaches
• Antimigraine Agents
• Ergot Derivatives
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Triptans
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide (CGRP) Inhibitors and Serotonin Agonist
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 27 General and Local Anesthetic Agents
• General Anesthesia
• Risk Factors Associated With General Anesthesia
• Balanced Anesthesia
• Administration of General Anesthesia
• General Anesthetic Agents
• Barbiturate Anesthetics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Nonbarbiturate Anesthetics
• Therapeutic Action and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Anesthetic Gases
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Volatile Liquids
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Local Anesthesia
• Topical Administration
• Infiltration
• Field Block
• Nerve Block
• Intravenous Regional Local Anesthesia
• Local Anesthetic Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 28 Neuromuscular Junction Blocking Agents
• The Neuromuscular Junction
• Neuromuscular Junction Blocking Agents
• Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Junction Blockers
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Clinically Important Drug–Herb Interactions
• Depolarizing Neuromuscular Junction Blocker
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• Part 5 Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System
• 29 Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
• Structure and Function of the Autonomic Nervous System
• Nerve Impulse Transmission
• Functions
• Divisions
• Sympathetic Nervous System
• Structure and Function
• Adrenergic Response
• Parasympathetic Nervous System
• Structure and Function
• Cholinergic Response
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 30 Adrenergic Agonists
• Alpha- and Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Alpha-Selective Adrenergic Agonists
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Beta-Selective Adrenergic Agonists
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 31 Adrenergic Antagonists
• Nonselective Adrenergic Blocking Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Nonselective Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Alpha1-Selective Adrenergic Blocking Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Nonselective Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Beta1-Selective Adrenergic Blocking Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 32 Cholinergic Agonists
• Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists (Muscarinic)
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists (Nicotinic) and Medications for Nicotine Withdrawal/Abstinence
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
• Myasthenia Gravis
• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 33 Anticholinergic Agents
• Anticholinergics/Parasympatholytics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• Part 6 Drugs Acting on the Endocrine System
• 34 Introduction to the Endocrine System
• Structure and Function of the Endocrine System
• Glands
• Hormones
• The Hypothalamus
• The Pituitary Gland
• The Anterior Pituitary
• The Posterior Pituitary
• The Intermediate Lobe
• Endocrine Regulation
• Hypothalamic–Pituitary Axis
• Other Forms of Regulation
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 35 Hypothalamic and Pituitary Agents
• Drugs Affecting Hypothalamic Hormones
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Drugs Affecting Anterior Pituitary Hormones
• Growth Hormone Agonists
• Growth Hormone Antagonists
• Drugs Affecting Other Anterior Pituitary Hormones
• Drugs Affecting Posterior Pituitary Hormones
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 36 Adrenocortical Agents
• The Adrenal Glands
• Controls
• Adrenal Excess
• Adrenal Insufficiency
• Adrenal Crisis
• Adrenocortical Agents
• Glucocorticoids
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Mineralocorticoids
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 37 Thyroid and Parathyroid Agents
• The Thyroid Gland
• Structure and Function
• Control
• Thyroid Dysfunction
• Thyroid Agents
• Thyroid Hormones
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Antithyroid Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• The Parathyroid Glands
• Structure and Function
• Control
• Parathyroid Dysfunction and Related Disorders
• Parathyroid Agents
• Antihypocalcemic Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Antihypercalcemic Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 38 Agents to Control Blood Glucose Levels
• Glucose Regulation
• The Pancreas
• Insulin
• Glucagon
• Other Factors Affecting Glucose Regulation
• Loss of Blood Glucose Control
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Hyperglycemia
• Hypoglycemia
• Insulin
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Oral Antidiabetics
• Sulfonylureas
• First- and Second-Generation Sulfonylureas
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Biguanide
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors)
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Meglitinides
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2 Inhibitors)
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Thiazolidinediones
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Noninsulin Injectable Antidiabetics
• Human Amylin
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Glucagonlike Polypeptide Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 Agonists)
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Glucose-Elevating Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• Part 7 Drugs Acting on the Reproductive System
• 39 Introduction to the Reproductive System
• Female Reproductive System
• Structures
• Hormones
• The Menstrual Cycle
• Pregnancy
• Menopause
• Male Reproductive System
• Structures
• Hormones
• Andropause
• The Human Sexual Response
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 40 Drugs Affecting the Female Reproductive System
• Sex Hormones and Estrogen Receptor Modulators
• Sex Hormones
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Estrogen Receptor Modulators
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Fertility Drugs
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Uterine Motility Drugs
• Oxytocics and Abortifacients
• Tocolytics
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 41 Drugs Affecting the Male Reproductive System
• Androgens
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Significant Drug–Drug Interactions
• Drugs for Treating Penile Erectile Dysfunction
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• Part 8 Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System
• 42 Introduction to the Cardiovascular System
• Structure and Function of the Heart
• Cardiac Cycle
• Cardiac Conduction
• Electrocardiography
• Arrhythmias
• Circulation
• Pulmonary Circulation
• Systemic Circulation
• Coronary Circulation
• Systemic Arterial Pressure
• Venous Pressure
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 43 Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure
• Review of Blood Pressure Control
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Baroreceptors and Other Reflexes
• Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
• Hypertension
• Hypotension
• Antihypertensive Agents
• Stepped Care Approach to Treating Hypertension
• Drugs Affecting the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
• Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
• Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
• Renin Inhibitor
• Calcium-Channel Blockers
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Clinically Important Drug–Food Interactions
• Vasodilators
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Other Antihypertensive Agents
• Diuretic Agents
• Sympathetic Nervous System Blockers
• Antihypotensive Agents
• Sympathetic Adrenergic Agonists or Vasopressors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Blood Pressure–Raising Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Droxidopa
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 44 Agents for Treating Heart Failure
• Heart Failure
• Compensatory Mechanisms
• Clinical Manifestations
• Treatments
• Cardiotonic Agents
• Cardiac Glycosides
• Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
• Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide–Gated Channel Blockers
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 45 Antiarrhythmic Agents
• Arrhythmias
• Conductivity
• Automaticity
• Hemodynamics
• Types of Arrhythmias
• Antiarrhythmic Agents
• Class I Antiarrhythmics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Clinically Important Drug–Food Interactions
• Class II Antiarrhythmics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Class III Antiarrhythmics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Class IV Antiarrhythmics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 46 Antianginal Agents
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Angina
• Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Antianginal Agents
• Nitrates
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Calcium Channel Blockers
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Piperazine Acetamide Agent
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 47 Lipid-Lowering Agents
• Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
• Risk Factors
• Treatment
• Fats and Biotransformation (Metabolism)
• Lipoproteins
• Cholesterol
• Hyperlipidemia
• Lipid-Lowering Agents
• Bile Acid Sequestrants
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• HMG–CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Other Lipid-Lowering Agents
• Fibrates
• Vitamin B3
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids
• Other Therapies
• Combination Therapy
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 48 Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation
• Hemostasis
• Vasoconstriction
• Platelet Aggregation
• Coagulation
• Clot Resolution and Anticlotting Process
• Disorders Affecting Blood Coagulation
• Thromboembolic Disorders
• Hemorrhagic Disorders
• Drugs Affecting Clot Formation and Resolution
• Antiplatelet Agents
• Anticoagulants
• Thrombolytic Agents
• Other Drugs Affecting Clot Formation
• Anticoagulant Adjunctive Therapy
• Hemorrheologic Agent
• Drugs Used to Control Bleeding
• Antihemophilic Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Hemostatic Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 49 Drugs Used to Treat Anemias
• Anemia
• Etiology of Anemia
• Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Megaloblastic Anemia
• Hemolytic Anemia
• Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Agents Used for Iron Deficiency Agents Used for Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Clinically Important Drug–Food Interactions
• Agents Used for Other Anemias
• Agents for Megaloblastic Anemias
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Agents for Hemolytic and Aplastic Anemias
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• Part 9 Drugs Acting on the Renal System
• 50 Introduction to the Renal System
• The Kidneys
• Structure
• Nephron Function
• Maintenance of Volume and Composition of Body Fluids
• Blood Pressure Control
• Regulation of Red Blood Cell Production
• The Urinary Tract
• Ureters
• Urinary Bladder
• Urethra
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 51 Diuretic Agents
• Diuretics
• Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Loop Diuretics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Osmotic Diuretics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 52 Drugs Affecting the Urinary Tract and the Bladder
• Urinary Tract Antiinfectives
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Patient Teaching for J.K.: Urinary Tract Antiinfective Methenamine
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Urinary Tract Antispasmodics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Other Drugs Affecting the Urinary Tract and Bladder
• Urinary Tract Analgesics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Bladder Protectant
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Drugs for Treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• Part 10 Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System
• 53 Introduction to the Respiratory System
• Structure and Function of the Respiratory System
• The Conducting Airways
• The Respiratory Airways
• Gas Exchange
• Ventilation
• Respiratory Pathophysiology
• Respiratory Tract Infections
• Ventilation and Gas Exchange Disorders
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 54 Drugs Acting on the Upper Respiratory Tract
• Antitussives
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Decongestants
• Topical Nasal Decongestants
• Oral Decongestants
• Steroid Nasal Decongestants
• Antihistamines
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Expectorants
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Mucolytics
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 55 Drugs Acting on the Lower Respiratory Tract
• Bronchodilators
• Xanthines
• Sympathomimetics
• Anticholinergics
• Drugs Affecting Inflammation
• Inhaled Steroids
• Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
• Immune Modulators
• Mast Cell Stabilizer
• Lung Surfactants
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Other Drugs Used to Treat Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• Part 11 Drugs Acting on the Gastrointestinal System
• 56 Introduction to the Gastrointestinal System
• Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal System
• Structures
• Layers of the GI Tract
• Gastrointestinal Activities
• Gastrointestinal Reflexes
• Local Reflexes
• Central Reflexes
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 57 Drugs Affecting Gastrointestinal Secretions
• Drugs Used to Treat Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Ulcer Disease
• Histamine-2 Antagonists
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Antacids
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Proton Pump Inhibitors
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Gastrointestinal Protectant
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Prostaglandins
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Digestive Enzymes
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 58 Drugs Affecting Gastrointestinal Motility
• Laxatives
• Chemical Stimulants
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Bulk-Forming Laxatives
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Osmotic Laxatives
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Lubricants
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Opioid Antagonists
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Gastrointestinal Stimulants
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Antidiarrheals
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Constipation Drugs
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 59 Antiemetic Agents
• Antiemetic Agents
• Phenothiazines
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Nonphenothiazine
• 5-HT3 Receptor Blockers
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Pharmacokinetics
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Miscellaneous Agents
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• 60 Vitamins, Minerals, and Complementary/Alternative Medications
• Vitamins and Minerals
• Therapeutic Actions and Indications
• Contraindications and Cautions
• Adverse Effects
• Clinically Important Drug–Drug Interactions
• Alternative and Complementary Therapies
• Summary
• Check Your Understanding
• References
• Appendices
• A Fluids, Electrolytes, and Other Parenteral Agents
• B Topical Agents
• C Ophthalmic Agents
• D Ear Medications
• E Blood and Blood Products
• F Diagnostic Agents
• G Tables of Normal Values
• Index