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• Introduction
• About This Book
• Conventions Used in This Book
• What You’re Not to Read
• Foolish Assumptions
• How This Book Is Organized
• Part I: Covering the Basics in Thermodynamics
• Part II: Employing the Laws of Thermodynamics
• Part III: Planes, Trains, and Automobiles: Making Heat Work for You
• Part IV: Handling Thermodynamic Relationships, Reactions, and Mixtures
• Part V: The Part of Tens
• Icons Used in This Book
• Where to Go from Here
• Part I: Covering the Basics in Thermodynamics
• Chapter 1: Thermodynamics in Everyday Life
• Grasping Thermodynamics
• Examining Energy’s Changing Forms
• Kinetic energy
• Potential energy
• Internal energy
• Watching Energy and Work in Action
• Engines: Letting energy do work
• Refrigeration: Letting work move heat
• Getting into Real Gases, Gas Mixtures, and Combustion Reactions
• Discovering Old Names and New Ways of Saving Energy
• Chapter 2: Laying the Foundation of Thermodynamics
• Defining Important Thermodynamic Properties
• Eyeing general measurement basics
• Mass
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Density
• Energy
• Enthalpy
• Specific heat
• Entropy
• Understanding Thermodynamic Processes
• Creating a path for a process
• Finding the state at each end of a path: The state postulate
• Connecting processes to make a cycle
• Discovering Nature’s Law and Order on Temperature, Energy, and Entropy
• The zeroth law on temperature
• The first law on energy conservation
• The second law on entropy
• The third law on absolute zero
• Chapter 3: Working with Phases and Properties of Substances
• It’s Just a Phase: Describing Solids, Liquids, and Gases
• The phase diagram
• The T-v diagram
• The P-v diagram
• Knowing How Phase Changes Occur
• From compressed liquid to saturated liquid
• From saturated liquid to saturated vapor
• From saturated vapor to superheated vapor
• Finding Thermodynamic Properties from Tables
• Figuring out linear interpolation
• Interpolating with two variables
• Good Gases Have Ideal Behavior
• Chapter 4: Work and Heat Go Together Like Macaroni and Cheese
• Work Can Do Great Things
• Working with springs
• Turning a shaft
• Accelerating a car
• Moving with pistons
• Figuring out boundary work
• Heating Things Up, Cooling Things Down
• Getting hot with boilers
• Cooling off with condensers
• Chilling with evaporators
• Part II: Employing the Laws of Thermodynamics
• Chapter 5: Using the First Law in Closed Systems
• Conserving Mass in a Closed System
• Balancing Energy in a Closed System
• Applying the First Law to Ideal-Gas Processes
• Working with constant volume
• Working with constant pressure
• Working with constant temperature
• Working with an adiabatic process
• Applying the First Law to Processes with Liquids and Solids
• Chapter 6: Using the First Law in Open Systems
• Conserving Mass in an Open System
• Defining mass and volumetric flow rates
• Applying conservation of mass to a system
• Balancing Mass and Energy in a System
• When Time Stands Still: The Steady State Process
• Using the First Law on Four Common Open-System Processes
• Flowing through nozzles and diffusers
• Working with pumps, compressors, and turbines
• Moving energy with heat exchangers
• Reducing pressure with throttling valves
• When Time Is of the Essence: The Transient Process
• Making assumptions for the energy balance
• Analyzing a transient process
• Chapter 7: Governing Heat Engines and Refrigerators with the Second Law
• Looking at the Impact of the Second Law
• Defining Thermal Energy Reservoirs
• Parameters of a thermal reservoir
• Considering highs and lows
• Working with the Kelvin-Planck Statement on Heat Engines
• Characterizing heat engines
• Determining thermal efficiency
• Chilling with the Clausius Statement on Refrigeration
• Characterizing refrigerators
• Finding the coefficient of performance
• Chapter 8: Entropy Is the Demise of the Universe
• What Is Entropy?
• Taking a microscopic view of entropy
• Looking at entropy on a macroscopic level
• Coping with the Increase in Entropy Principle
• Working with T-s Diagrams
• Using T-ds Relationships
• Calculating Entropy Change
• For pure substances
• For liquids and solids
• For ideal gases
• Analyzing Isentropic Processes
• Using constant specific heat
• Using relative pressure and relative volume
• Balancing Entropy in a System
• Chapter 9: Analyzing Systems Using the Second Law of Thermodynamics
• Measuring Work Potential with Energy Availability
• Determining the Change in Availability
• Calculating availability in closed systems
• Calculating availability in open systems with steady flow
• Calculating availability in open systems with transient flow
• Balancing the Availability of a System
• Transferring availability using work processes
• Transferring availability with heat transfer processes
• Transferring availability with mass flow
• Understanding the Decrease in Availability Principle
• Figuring Out Reversible Work and Irreversibility
• Calculating the Second-Law Efficiency of a System
• Part III: Planes, Trains, and Automobiles: Making Heat Work for You
• Chapter 10: Working with Carnot and Brayton Cycles
• Analyzing the Ideal Heat Engine: The Carnot Cycle
• Examining the four processes in a Carnot cycle
• Calculating Carnot efficiency
• Working with the Ideal Gas Turbine Engine: The Brayton Cycle
• Examining the four processes in a Brayton cycle
• Analyzing the Brayton cycle
• Determining Brayton cycle efficiency
• Calculating Brayton cycle irreversibility
• Improving the Brayton Cycle with Regeneration
• Adding Intercooling and Reheating to the Brayton Cycle
• Looking at how intercooling and reheating affect the Brayton cycle
• Analyzing the effects of intercooling and reheating
• Deviating from Ideal Behavior: Actual Brayton Cycle Performance
• Flying the Brayton Cycle in Jet Propulsion
• Seeing what happens in an ideal turbojet cycle
• Analyzing the jet engine cycle
• Chapter 11: Working with Otto and Diesel Cycles
• Understanding the Basics of Reciprocating Engines
• Working with the Ideal Spark Ignition Engine: The Otto Cycle
• Analyzing the Otto cycle
• Calculating Otto cycle efficiency
• Calculating Otto cycle irreversibility
• Working with the Ideal Compression Ignition Engine: The Diesel Cycle
• Examining the four processes in a diesel cycle
• Analyzing the Diesel cycle
• Calculating diesel cycle efficiency
• Calculating diesel cycle irreversibility
• Chapter 12: Working with Rankine Cycles
• Understanding the Basics of the Rankine Cycle
• Examining the Four Processes of the Rankine Cycle
• Analyzing the Cycle Using Steam Tables
• Calculating Rankine cycle efficiency
• Calculating Rankine cycle irreversibility
• Improving the Rankine Cycle with Reheat
• Improving the Rankine Cycle with Regeneration
• Deviating from Ideal Behavior: Actual Rankine Cycle Performance
• Chapter 13: Cooling Off with Refrigeration Cycles
• Understanding the Basics of Refrigeration Cycles
• Chilling with the Reverse Brayton Cycle
• Examining the four processes of the reverse Brayton cycle
• Analyzing the cycle with constant specific heat
• Calculating the reverse Brayton cycle coefficient of performance
• Calculating irreversibility for Brayton’s refrigerator
• Cooling with the Vapor-Compression Refrigerator
• Examining the four processes in a vapor-compression refrigerator
• Analyzing the cycle with refrigerant property tables
• Calculating the vapor-compression refrigerator coefficient of performance
• Calculating vapor-compression refrigerator irreversibility
• Warming Up with Heat Pumps
• Examining the four processes in a heat pump
• Analyzing a heat pump
• Calculating the heat pump coefficient of performance
• Calculating heat pump irreversibility
• Part IV: Handling Thermodynamic Relationships, Reactions, and Mixtures
• Chapter 14: Understanding the Behavior of Real Gases
• Deviating from Ideal-Gas Behavior: Real-Gas Behavior
• Determining Properties with the Compressibility Factor
• Using reduced temperature and pressure
• Using pseudo-reduced volume
• Finding Pressure with van der Waals
• Chapter 15: Mixing Gases That Don’t React with Each Other
• Determining Thermodynamic Properties for a Mixture of Gases
• Using mass and molar fractions for gas mixtures
• Finding properties of a gas mixture
• Getting the Compressibility Factor for Real-Gas Mixtures
• Making assumptions for mixture compressibility factors
• Finding compressibility factors with Amagat’s law
• Finding compressibility factors with Dalton’s law
• Calculating compressibility factors with Kay’s Rule
• Working with Psychrometrics: Air and Water Vapor Mixtures
• Finding the wet-bulb temperature with a sling psychrometer
• It’s muggy out there: Calculating specific and relative humidity
• My glasses are fogging up: Defining the dew point
• Working out problems with temperature and humidity
• Using the psychrometric chart
• Making Life Comfortable with Air Conditioning
• Heating and humidifying the air
• Cooling and dehumidifying the air
• Chapter 16: Burning Up with Combustion
• Forming Combustion Reaction Equations
• Figuring out how much air you need: Writing stoichiometric reaction equations
• Accounting for excess air in combustion
• Defining Combustion-Related Thermodynamic Properties
• Enthalpy of formation
• Enthalpy of combustion
• Using the First Law of Thermodynamics on Steady-Flow Combustion Systems
• Analyzing an Example Steady-Flow System
• Using the First Law of Thermodynamics on Closed Combustion Systems
• Analyzing an Example Closed System
• Ouch! That’s Hot: Determining the Adiabatic Flame Temperature
• Figuring Out an Example Adiabatic Flame Temperature
• Part V: The Part of Tens
• Chapter 17: Ten Famous Names in Thermodynamics
• George Brayton
• Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
• Anders Celsius
• Rudolf Diesel
• Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
• James Prescott Joule
• Nikolaus August Otto
• William John Macquorn Rankine
• William Thomson or Lord Kelvin
• James Watt
• Chapter 18: Ten More Cycles of Note
• Two-Stroke Engines
• Wankel Engines
• The Stirling Cycle
• The Ericsson Cycle
• The Atkinson Cycle
• The Miller Cycle
• The Absorption Cycle
• The Einstein Cycle
• Combined-Cycle Engines
• Binary Vapor Cycles
• Appendix: Thermodynamic Property Tables
• Cheat Sheet
• More Dummies Products
• End User License Agreement