Efnisyfirlit

• Coverpage
• Half title page
• Title page
• Copyright page
• Dedication
• Contents
• Figures and tables
• Foreword by Steven Pinker
• Warm thanks
• The point
• 1 Why are people violent?
• What we mean by “violence”
• Natural aversion to killing and hurting
• What we mean by “moral”
• Conflicting moralities and post-hoc justifications
• Pain and suffering are not intrinsically evil
• Forerunners of virtuous violence theory and how it goes beyond them
• Scope: what we are and are not discussing
• Illegitimate, immoral violence
• 2 Violence is morally motivated to regulate social relationships
• Fundamental ways of relating: the four elementary relational models
• Cultural implementations of universal models
• Constitutive phases
• Metarelational models
• 3 Defense, punishment, and vengeance
• Defense and punishment
• Vengeance
• Metarelational retribution
• Violence due to conflicting models
• 4 The right and obligation of parents, police, kings, and gods to violently enforce their authority
• Corporal punishment of children
• Violence in the military
• Violent policing
• Violence by gods
• Explanations of accidents, misfortune, and suffering
• Trial by ordeal and combat
• Metarelational aspects of authority-ranking violence
• 5 Contests of violence: fighting for respect and solidarity
• Knighthood in medieval Europe
• Gang and criminal cultures
• Fighting among and alongside the gods
• Sports
• Fighting among youths
• Metarelational aspects of fighting for respect and solidarity
• 6 Honor and shame
• Guest–host relationship
• Honor killing
• Honor violence in the United States
• Honor among thieves
• How the metarelational honor model organized the violence of the Trojan War
• 7 War
• The motives of leaders and nations
• The moral motives that move soldiers to go to war
• Killing under orders
• Killing for your comrades
• Extremist violence and terrorism
• 8 Violence to obey, honor, and connect with the gods
• Gods command violence
• Sacrificing animals and humans to the gods
• Self-sacrifice to the gods
• China
• American Indians
• Christian monastic asceticism
• Christian and Muslim self-flagellation
• Theoretical elaboration
• 9 On relational morality: what are its boundaries, what guides it, and how is it computed?
• Defining the moral space
• Distinguishing between moral and immoral relationship regulation
• What are the cultural preos delimiting violence?
• Going beyond the culturally prescribed limits to violence
• Is morally motivated violence rational and deliberative or emotional and impulsive?
• 10 The prevailing wisdom
• Are most killers sadists and psychopaths?
• Are killers rational?
• Are killers impulsive?
• Are killers mistaken?
• 11 Intimate partner violence
• Intimate partner violence is widespread
• Intimate partner violence is morally motivated to regulate relationships
• 12 Rape
• Rape in war
• Gang rape
• 13 Making them one with us: initiation, clitoridectomy, infibulation, circumcision, and castration
• Initiation rites
• Circumcision and excision
• Eunuch opportunities
• 14 Torture
• Motives of leaders who order torture
• Motives of torturers
• Motives of the public that approves of the use of torture
• 15 Homicide: he had it coming
• How many homicides are morally motivated?
• Mass murder
• Homicides committed by the mentally ill
• Metarelational motives for homicide
• 16 Ethnic violence and genocide
• Violence against African-Americans in the US South
• Genocide
• Null attitudes and dehumanization in the perpetuation of mass violence
• 17 Self-harm and suicide
• Non-suicidal self-injury
• Suicide
• 18 Violent bereavement
• Why are people sometimes enraged by death?
• 19 Non-bodily violence: robbery
• Robbery for equality-matching vengeance
• Robbery for authority-ranking status
• 20 The specific form of violence for constituting each relational model
• Communal sharing violence: indexical consubstantial assimilation
• Authority-ranking violence: iconic physics of magnitudes and dimensions
• Equality-matching violence: concrete ostensive operations
• Market-pricing violence: arbitrary conventional symbolism
• 21 Why do people use violence to constitute their social relationships, rather than using some other medium?
• Criticality
• 22 Metarelational models that inhibit or provide alternatives to violence
• 23 How do we end violence?
• Civil disobedience and hunger strikes
• Urban gang homicide
• 24 Evolutionary, philosophical, legal, psychological, and research implications
• Evolution
• Philosophy
• Law
• Psychology
• Research
• The dénouement
• What do we mean by “most” violence?
• The need for general explanations
• References
• Index