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• Cover image
• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• Dedication
• Copyright
• Preface
• Drug dosage and nomenclature
• Drug Nomenclature
• Drug Dosages
• Section 1 General Principles
• 1 Principles of pharmacology and mechanisms of drug action
• Studying Pharmacology
• Receptors and Receptor-Mediated Mechanisms
• Properties of Drug Action
• Types of Drug Action
• Tolerance to Drug Effects
• Genetic Variation in Drug Responses
• Summary
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 2 Pharmacokinetics
• The Biological Basis of Pharmacokinetics
• Absorption
• Distribution
• Elimination
• The Mathematical Basis of Pharmacokinetics
• Absorption
• Distribution
• Elimination
• Chronic Administration
• Pharmacokinetics of Biological Drugs
• Genetic Variation and Pharmacokinetics
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 3 Drug discovery, safety and efficacy
• Drug Discovery
• Drug Approval
• Establishing Safety and Efficacy
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 4 Neurotransmission and the peripheral autonomic nervous system
• The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
• Principles of Neurotransmission
• The Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System
• The Sympathetic Nervous System and Noradrenergic Transmission
• The Parasympathetic Nervous System and Cholinergic Transmission
• Other Transmitters in the Peripheral Nervous System
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Section 2 The Cardiovascular System
• 5 Ischaemic heart disease
• Myocardial Perfusion
• Clinical Manifestations of Myocardial Ischaemia
• Drugs for Treating Angina
• Management of Stable Angina
• Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 6 Systemic and pulmonary hypertension
• Systemic Hypertension
• Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 7 Heart failure
• Maintenance of Cardiac Output
• Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
• Positive Inotropic Drugs for the Treatment of Heart Failure
• Management of Heart Failure
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 8 Cardiac arrhythmias
• Basic Cardiac Electrophysiology
• Mechanisms of Arrhythmogenesis
• Mechanisms of Action and Classification of Antiarrhythmic Drugs
• Drug Treatment of Arrhythmias
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 9 Cerebrovascular disease and dementia
• Stroke
• Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
• Dementia
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 10 Peripheral vascular disease
• Atheromatous Peripheral Vascular Disease
• Acute and Critical Limb Ischaemia
• Raynaud’s Phenomenon
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 11 Haemostasis
• Platelets and Platelet Aggregation
• Blood Coagulation and the Coagulation Cascade
• Antiplatelet Drugs
• Clinical Uses of Antiplatelet Drugs
• Anticoagulant Drugs
• Clinical Uses of Anticoagulants
• The Fibrinolytic System
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Section 3 The Respiratory System
• 12 Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Asthma
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Drugs for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Management of Asthma
• Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 13 Respiratory disorders
• Cough
• Respiratory Stimulants (Analeptic Drugs)
• Cystic Fibrosis
• Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
• Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Section 4 The Renal System
• 14 Diuretics
• Functions of the Kidney
• Diuretic Drugs
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 15 Disorders of micturition
• Pathophysiology of Micturition
• Overactive Bladder Syndrome
• Hypotonic Bladder
• Urethral Sphincter Incompetence
• Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men and Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 16 Erectile dysfunction
• Physiology of Erection
• Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction
• Management of Erectile Dysfunction
• Premature Ejaculation
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Section 5 The Nervous System
• 17 General anaesthetics
• Mechanisms of Action of General Anaesthetics
• Drugs Used in Anaesthesia
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 18 Local anaesthetics
• Pharmacology
• Techniques of Administration
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 19 Opioid analgesics and the management of pain
• Pain and Pain Perception
• Analgesic Drugs
• Pain Management
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 20 Anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder and insomnia
• Anxiety Disorders
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Insomnia
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 21 Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
• Schizophrenia
• Antipsychotic Drugs
• Mania and Bipolar Disorder
• Mood-Stabilising Drugs for Bipolar Disorder
• Management of Bipolar Disorder
• Self-Assessment
• AnswerS
• Further Reading
• 22 Depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy
• Depression
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Narcolepsy
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 23 Epilepsy
• Pathological Basis of Epilepsy
• Antiepileptic Drugs
• Management of Epilepsy
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 24 Extrapyramidal movement disorders and spasticity
• The Basal Ganglia and Control of Motor Function
• Parkinson’s Disease and Related Syndromes
• Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease
• Management of Parkinson’s Disease and Related Syndromes
• Other Involuntary Movement Disorders (Dyskinesias)
• Management of Dyskinesias and Dystonias
• Spasticity
• Management of Spasticity
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 25 Other neurological disorders
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Motor Neuron Disease
• Guillain–Barré Syndrome
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 26 Migraine and other headaches
• Migraine
• Pathogenesis of Migraine
• Drugs for Migraine
• Management of Migraine and Other Headaches
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Section 6 The Musculoskeletal System
• 27 The neuromuscular junction and neuromuscular blockade
• Neuromuscular Transmission
• Drugs Acting at the Neuromuscular Junction
• Indications for Neuromuscular-Blocking Drugs
• Antagonising Neuromuscular Block
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 28 Myasthenia gravis
• Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
• Management of Myasthenia Gravis
• Lambert–Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 29 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
• The Role of Cyclo-Oxygenase Enzymes in the Actions of Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs
• Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 30 Rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory arthritides and osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Other Types of Inflammatory Arthritis: the Spondyloarthritides
• Conventional Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
• Biological Drugs for Inflammatory Arthritis
• Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Management of Spondyloarthritides
• Osteoarthritis
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 31 Hyperuricaemia and gout
• The Pathophysiology of Gout
• Drugs for the Treatment of Gout and Prevention of Hyperuricaemia
• Treatment of Gout
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Section 7 The Gastrointestinal System
• 32 Nausea and vomiting
• Nausea and Vomiting
• Vertigo
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 33 Dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease
• The Spectrum of Disease
• Drugs for Treating Dyspepsia, Peptic Ulcer and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease
• Management of Dyspepsia, Peptic Ulcer and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 34 Inflammatory bowel disease
• Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 35 Constipation, diarrhoea and irritable bowel syndrome
• Constipation
• Diarrhoea
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 36 Liver disease
• Acute Liver Failure
• Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cirrhosis
• Autoimmune Hepatitis
• Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
• Chronic Viral Hepatitis
• Complications of Cirrhosis
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 37 Obesity
• Pathogenesis of Obesity
• Drugs for Treatment of Obesity
• Management of Obesity
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Section 8 The Immune System
• 38 The immune response and immunosuppressant drugs
• Biological Basis of the Immune Response
• Immunosuppressant Drugs
• Immunosuppression in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease
• Immunosuppression in Organ Transplantation
• Long-Term Effects of Immunosuppression
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 39 Antihistamines and allergic disease
• Atopy, Allergic Disorders and Anaphylaxis
• Histamine as an Autacoid in Host Defence
• Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists (Antihistamines)
• Management of Allergic Disorders
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Section 9 The Endocrine System and Metabolism
• 40 Diabetes mellitus
• Control of Blood Glucose
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Insulin and Insulin Analogues for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
• Other Parenteral Glucose-Lowering Drugs
• Oral Glucose-Lowering Drugs
• Drugs to Increase Plasma Glucose Levels
• Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
• Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 41 The thyroid and control of metabolic rate
• Thyroid Function
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 42 Calcium metabolism and metabolic bone disease
• Physiology of Bone Turnover
• Hypercalcaemia
• Hypocalcaemia
• Metabolic Bone Disease
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 43 Pituitary and hypothalamic hormones
• Anterior Pituitary and Related Hypothalamic Hormones
• Posterior Pituitary Hormones
• Hypopituitarism
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 44 Corticosteroids (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids)
• Corticosteroid Hormones
• Glucocorticoids
• Mineralocorticoids
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 45 Female reproduction
• Physiology of the Menstrual Cycle
• Physiology of Pregnancy
• Steroidal Contraceptives
• Hormone-Replacement Therapy
• Pregnancy and Labour
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 46 Androgens, antiandrogens and anabolic steroids
• Androgens and Anabolic Steroids
• Anabolic Steroids
• AntiAndrogens
• 5α-Reductase Inhibitors
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 47 Anaemia and haematopoietic colony-stimulating factors
• Anaemia
• Neutropenia
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 48 Lipid disorders
• Lipids and Lipoproteins
• Formation of Atheroma
• Drugs for Hyperlipidaemias
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Section 10 The Skin and Eyes
• 49 Skin disorders
• Vehicles for Topical Skin Applications
• Atopic and Contact Dermatitis
• Psoriasis
• Acne Vulgaris
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 50 The eye
• Topical Application of Drugs to the Eye
• Glaucoma
• Mydriatic and Cycloplegic Drugs
• Other Topical Applications for the Eye
• Dry Eye Syndrome
• Age-Related Macular Degeneration
• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Section 11 Chemotherapy
• 51 Chemotherapy of infections
• Bacterial Infections
• Fungal Infections
• Viral Infections
• Protozoal Infections
• Helminthic Infections
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 52 Chemotherapy of malignancy
• Molecular Origins of Cancer
• Antineoplastic Drugs
• Specific Antineoplastic Drugs
• Clinical Uses of Antineoplastic Drugs
• AntiCancer Drug Therapy for Specific Malignancies
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Section 12 General Features: Drug Toxicity and Prescribing
• 53 Drug toxicity and overdose
• Drug Toxicity and Adverse Effects
• Self-Poisoning and Drug Overdose
• Some Common Specific Poisonings
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 54 Substance abuse and dependence
• The Biological Basis of Dependence
• Drugs of Abuse
• Controlled Drugs
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• 55 Prescribing, adherence and information about medicines
• Duties of the Prescriber
• Adherence, Concordance and Compliance
• Rational Prescribing
• Prescribing Safety Assessment
• Further Reading
• 56 Drug therapy in special situations
• Prescribing in Pregnancy
• Drugs and Breastfeeding
• Prescribing for Children
• Prescribing for Older People
• Prescribing in Renal Failure
• Prescribing in Liver Disease
• Prescribing in Palliative Care
• Drug Interactions
• Self-Assessment
• Answers
• Further Reading
• Index