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• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Tables and Figures
• About the Editors
• About the Authors
• Preface
• Chapter 1: Introduction: Advancing Methods in Social Epidemiology
• What Is Social Epidemiology?
• What Is Social Epidemiologic Methodology?
• Three Fundamental Issues
• Advancing Further Still
• References
• PART ONE: MEASURES AND MEASUREMENT
• Chapter 2: The Measurement of Socioeconomic Status
• What Is Socioeconomic Status?
• Why Does it Matter?
• How Is SES Measured?
• How Should SES Be Measured?
• Recommendations and Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 3: Measuring and Analyzing “Race,” Racism, and Racial Discrimination
• Concepts
• Measurement
• Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 4: Measuring Poverty
• What Does It Mean to be Poor?
• Early Attempts at Constructing Poverty Budgets (Thresholds)
• Current Methods of Poverty Measurement
• NRC Panel Recommendations
• Impact on Elderly and Child Poverty
• Progress Toward Adoption of a New Poverty Measure
• Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 5: Health Inequalities: Measurement and Decomposition
• Issues
• Measures
• Decomposition of Inequalities
• Conclusions
• References
• Appendix
• Chapter 6: A Conceptual Framework for Measuring Segregation and Its Association with Population Outcomes
• What Is Segregation?
• Why Does Segregation Matter?
• Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Measurement of Segregation
• Measures of Residential Segregation
• The Association of Segregation with Population Outcomes
• Summary
• References
• Chapter 7: Measures of Residential Community Contexts
• Measurement Strategies for Residential Neighborhoods
• Observational Measures of Neighborhoods
• Measures on Perceptions of Neighborhoods
• Bringing in the Community Perspective
• Future Directions on Measuring Neighborhood Environments
• References
• PART TWO: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
• Chapter 8: Community-Based Participatory Research: Rationale and Relevance for Social Epidemiology
• Definition and Principles of CBPR
• CBPR and Social Epidemiology
• Deciding Whether or Not to Use a CBPR Approach
• The Process of CBPR
• Common Pitfalls/Challenges and Facilitating Factors in CBPR
• Discussion
• Conclusion: “Push Beyond the Research”
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Chapter 9: Social Network Analysis for Epidemiology
• Introduction to Network Concepts
• Study Design and Data Collection Methods
• Analytic Approaches
• Future Directions for SNA
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Chapter 10: Fieldwork with In-Depth Interviews: How to Get Strangers in the City to Tell You Their Stories
• Logistics
• How to Talk to Strangers So It Does Not Feel Strange
• Conclusion: One Size Does Not Fit All, and Try, Try, Again
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Chapter 11: Experimental Social Epidemiology: Controlled Community Trials
• Randomization and Dependence
• Implications of Clustering—Proper Inference in Community Trials
• Efficient Allocation of Resources Subject to Constraints
• Example of Designing a GRT and Some Further Issues
• Implementation of Randomized Community Trials
• Summary
• References
• Chapter 12: Propensity Score Matching for Social Epidemiology
• The Counterfactual Framework
• Propensity Score Matching Methods
• Worked Example
• Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 13: Longitudinal Approaches to Social Epidemiologic Research
• Analytic Approaches to Describe Longitudinal Patterns
• Analytic Approaches to Address Sources of Bias in Longitudinal Research
• Conclusion
• References
• Appendix 1. MPLUS Code for Unconditional Growth Model
• Appendix 2. MPLUS Code for Growth Model with Covariates
• Appendix 3. SAS Code for Hierarchical Age–Period–Cohort Model Described in Figure 13.5
• Appendix 4. SAS Code to Estimate Inverse Probability of Treatment Weights
• Appendix 5. SAS Code to Estimate Marginal Structural Models
• Chapter 14: Fixed Effects and Difference-in-Differences
• Methods
• Applications
• Conclusion
• Key Readings and Resources
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Chapter 15: Fixed Versus Random Effects Models for Multilevel and Longitudinal Data
• Between Versus Within Cluster Variables
• Fixed Effects
• Random Effects
• Hybrid Effects
• Marginal Models
• An Applied Multilevel Example and Comparison of Results from Different Models
• Multilevel and Longitudinal Literature Examples
• Summary and Recommendations for Further Reading
• References
• Chapter 16: Mediation Analysis in Social Epidemiology
• The Product Method for Mediation Analysis
• Counterfactual Approach to Mediation Analysis
• Controlled or Natural Effects?
• Decomposition of Racial Inequalities in Health
• Exposure-Induced Mediator-Outcome Confounding
• Mediation Analysis with Multiple Mediators
• Sensitivity Analyses
• Other Topics
• Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 17: A Roadmap for Estimating and Interpreting Population Intervention Parameters
• Roadmap
• Other Parameters and Future Directions
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Chapter 18: Using Causal Diagrams to Understand Common Problems in Social Epidemiology
• Some Background Definitions
• Graphical Models
• Applying DAGs to Guide Analyses in Social Epidemiology
• Caveats and Conclusion
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Chapter 19: Natural Experiments and Instrumental Variables Analyses in Social Epidemiology
• Motivations for Using Instrumental Variables in Social Epidemiology Research
• Assumptions and Estimation in IV Analyses
• Framing Natural Experiments and IVs Causally
• A Good Instrument Is Hard to Find
• Limitations of IV Analyses
• Conclusion
• References
• Index
• End User License Agreement