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• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• CHAPTER 1 IDEOLOGY
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• The Development of Ideology
• The Source of Ideology
• Ideology Defined
• The Origin of the Term
• Contemporary Definitions
• Ideology and Philosophy
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• CHAPTER 2 THE SPECTRUM OF POLITICAL ATTITUDES
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• Understanding the Spectrum
• Change, or Policy Options
• Radical
• Liberal
• Moderate
• Conservative
• Reactionary
• Values, or Personal Philosophy
• Motivation
• The Changing Spectrum
• Specific Policies
• Foreign Policy
• Domestic Policy
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• CHAPTER 3 NATIONALISM
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• The Importance of Nationalism
• Nation and State
• Theories of the Origin of the State
• The History of Nationalism
• The Theory of Nationalism
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• CHAPTER 4 THE EVOLUTION OF DEMOCRATIC THEORY
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• The Meaning of Democracy
• The Early History of Democracy
• The Social Contract
• Later Social Contract Philosophers
• Thomas Hobbes
• John Locke
• Jean Jacques Rousseau
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• CHAPTER 5 LIBERAL DEMOCRACY, CAPITALISM, AND BEYOND
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• Capitalism
• Capitalism after Smith
• Neoclassical Liberal Democratic Theory
• Edmund Burke
• James Madison
• Jefferson’s Alternative
• America’s Capitalism and the Future of Our Democracy
• The Emergence of Democratic Socialism
• Utilitarianism and Positivist Law
• Democratic Socialism
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• CHAPTER 6 THE LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PROCESS
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• Processes of Democracy
• Democracy and the Legislative Process
• Elite Theorism
• Systems of Government
• The American System
• The British System
• Elections
• Electoral Districts
• Political Party Structures
• Representation
• Theories of Representation
• Some Criticisms of Democracy
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• CHAPTER 7 ANARCHISM
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• Development of Anarchism
• Definition of Anarchism
• Particular Theories of Anarchism
• The Pacifists
• The Revolutionaries
• Individualist Anarchists
• Anarchistic Tendencies in the American Political Character
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• CHAPTER 8 SOCIALIST THEORY
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• The Development of Socialism
• Communism and Socialism
• The Components of Socialism
• Ownership of Production
• The Welfare State
• The Socialist Intent
• The History of Socialism
• From the French Revolution to Marx
• Marxism
• Marx and Capitalism
• The Basic Principles of Marxism
• Marxist Theory of Social Structure
• Marxist Historical Theory
• Marxist Economic Theory
• Marxist Theory of Revolution
• The Marxist Political System
• Internationalism
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• CHAPTER 9 APPLIED SOCIALISM
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• Socialism after Marx
• Orthodox Marxism
• Revisionism
• Marxism-Leninism
• The Soviet Union and Russia
• Lenin’s and Stalin’s Policies
• Soviet Atrophy
• China
• The Belligerent Stage of the Revolution
• The Political Stage of the Revolution
• The Principles of Maoism
• Cuba
• The Cuban Revolution
• Some Further Thoughts
• Fidelismo
• The Re-emergence of Socialism
• American Socialism
• Will Socialism Disappear?
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• CHAPTER 10 FASCISM AND NATIONAL SOCIALISM
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• The Failure of Democracy and Capitalism
• The Development of Fascism and National Socialism
• Mussolini
• Hitler
• Fascist and Nazi Ideologies
• Irrationalism
• Racism
• Totalitarianism
• Elitism
• The Corporate State
• Imperialism
• Militarism
• Contemporary Fascist and Neo-Nazi Movements
• Right-Wing Extremism in the United States
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• CHAPTER 11 IDEOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD
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• Developing World Defined
• Politics of the Developing World
• Historical Background: Colonialism and Imperialism
• Post-Colonialism and the Rise of Nationalism
• Other Ideological Themes in the Developing World
• Islam and the Developing World
• Islamism
• Other Religions in Developing World Politics
• Terrorism
• Economics of the Developing World
• Developing World Democracies and Dictatorships
• Guided Democracies
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• CHAPTER 12 FEMINISM AND ENVIRONMENTALISM
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• Feminism
• Endemic Sexism
• The History of Feminism
• Feminist Thought
• Environmentalism
• The Environmentalists
• Questions for Discussion
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Glossary
• Index