Efnisyfirlit

• About the editors
• List of contributing authors
• Pooja Mittal, Ramit Kapoor, Rupesh K. Gautam Chapter 1 Introduction of microbiology
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Microbial classification
• 1.2.1 Bacteria
• 1.2.2 Archaea
• 1.2.3 Fungi
• 1.2.4 Protozoa (singular – protozoan)
• 1.2.5 Algae
• 1.2.6 Virus
• 1.2.7 Multicellular animal parasites
• 1.3 Bacterial morphology and cytology
• 1.3.1 Structural components of bacterial cell/prokaryotic cell
• 1.4 Bacterial/microbial culture
• 1.4.1 Broth cultures
• 1.4.2 Agar plate culture
• 1.4.3 Stab culture
• Namrata Malik Chapter 2 Bacteriology
• 2.1 Bacterial morphology and structures: metabolism and growth
• 2.1.1 Bacterial morphology
• 2.1.2 Bacterial growth
• 2.1.3 Bacterial growth curve
• 2.1.4 Calculations of growth
• 2.2 Bacterial heredity and variation
• 2.2.1 Heredity and variation
• 2.2.2 Genotypic and phenotypic variation
• 2.3 Bacterial infection and pathogenesis
• 2.3.1 Pathogenesis
•  2.3.1.1 Types of bacterial pathogens
•  2.3.1.2 Koch’s postulates
•  2.3.1.3 Transmission of infection
• 2.4 Immune responses to bacterial infections
• 2.4.1 Immune mechanisms
• 2.5 Chemotherapy: control of bacterial diseases and diagnosis
• 2.5.1 Chemotherapy
• 2.6 Systemic bacteriology and bacterial diseases
• 2.6.1 Systemic bacteriology
• 2.6.2 Arthropod-borne disease
• 2.6.3 Direct contact disease
• 2.6.4 Foodborne and waterborne disease
• 2.6.5 Sepsis and septic shock
• 2.6.6 Dental infections
• Malay Kumar Sannigrahi, Deepika Chapter 3 Virology
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Viral classification, structure and multiplication
• 3.3 Heredity and variation in viruses
• 3.3.1 Mutations
• 3.3.2 Recombination
• 3.4 Immune response to viral infections
• 3.5 Control of viral diseases
• 3.6 Laboratory diagnosis of virus infection and antivirus therapy
• 3.7 Respiratory infective myxoviruses
• 3.7.1 Type-I myxovirus
• 3.7.2 Type-II myxovirus
• 3.7.3 Gastrointestinal virus and rhinovirus
• 3.7.4 Hepatitis A virus
• 3.7.5 Hepatitis B virus
• 3.7.6 Hepatitis C virus
• 3.7.7 Hepatitis D virus
• 3.7.8 Hepatitis E virus
• 3.7.9 The GB hepatitis viruses
• 3.8 Arthropod-borne and rodent-borne viral disease
• 3.8.1 Togaviruses
• 3.8.2 Bunyaviridae
• 3.8.3 Flaviviruses
• 3.9 Retrovirus and human immunodeficiency virus
• 3.9.1 Life cycle
• 3.9.2 Pathogenesis
• 3.9.3 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• 3.10 Human herpesvirus (HHV)
• 3.10.1 Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV1)
• 3.10.2 Human herpesvirus 2 (HHV2)
• 3.10.3 Human herpesvirus 3 (HHV3)
• 3.10.4 Human herpesvirus 4 (HHV4, Epstein–Barr virus)
• 3.10.5 Human herpesvirus 5 (HHV5)
• 3.10.6 Human herpesvirus 6
• 3.10.7 Human herpesvirus 7
• 3.10.8 Human herpesvirus 8
• 3.10.9 Multiplication
• 3.10.10 Detection
• 3.10.11 Control and treatment
• 3.11 Human cancer virus
• 3.11.1 Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1)
• 3.11.2 Human papillomavirus
• 3.11.3 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)
• 3.11.4 Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
• 3.12 Rabies virus
• 3.12.1 Life cycle
• 3.12.2 Pathogenesis
• 3.12.3 Detection
• 3.12.4 Control and treatment
• 3.13 Coronavirus
• 3.13.1 Life cycle
• 3.13.2 Pathogenesis
• 3.13.3 Detection
• 3.13.4 Control and treatment
• 3.14 Rubella virus
• 3.14.1 Life cycle
• 3.14.2 Pathogenesis
• 3.14.3 Detection
• 3.14.4 Control and treatment
• 3.15 Prion
• 3.15.1 Life cycle
• 3.15.2 Types
• 3.16 Conclusion
• Younis Ahmad Hajam, Rahul Datta, Sonika, Ajay Sharma, Rajesh Kumar, Abhinay Thakur, Anil Kumar Sharma Chapter 4 Parasitology
• 4.1 Pathogenesis of parasitic diseases
• 4.2 Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic diseases
• 4.2.1 Microscopy
• 4.2.2 Serologic assays
• 4.2.3 Falcon assay screening test-ELISA (FAST-ELISA)
• 4.2.4 Dot-ELISA
• 4.2.5 Rapid antigen detection system (RDTS)
• 4.2.6 Molecular approaches
• 4.3 Intestinal and urogenital protozoa
• 4.3.1 Entamoeba histolytica
• 4.3.2 Giardia lamblia
• 4.3.3 Cryptosporidium hominis
• 4.3.4 Trichomonas vaginalis
• 4.4 Antiparasitic agents
• 4.4.1 Antiprotozoal agents
• 4.5 Blood and tissue protozoans of human
• 4.5.1 Trypanosoma
• 4.5.2 Leishmania
• 4.5.3 Plasmodium
• 4.6 Helminthes
• 4.6.1 General concept for the basis of classification
• 4.6.2 Classification
• 4.6.3 Nematodes (roundworms)
• 4.6.4 Trematoda
• 4.6.5 Cestoda
• 4.7 Arthropoda
• 4.7.1 Vector-borne diseases
• 4.7.2 Sandfly-borne diseases
• 4.7.3 Tick-borne diseases
• 4.7.4 Babesiosis
• 4.7.5 Anaplasmosis
• 4.7.6 Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI)
• Amit Kumar Singh Chapter 5 Mycology
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Mycosis
• 5.3 Classification of mycosis
• 5.3.1 Superficial
• 5.3.2 Subcutaneous mycoses
• 5.3.3 Systemic or deep tissue mycoses
• 5.4 Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases
• 5.4.1 In vitro culture test
• 5.4.2 Microscopic examination
• 5.4.3 Serodiagnosis
• 5.4.4 PCR detection method
• 5.4.5 Sequencing-based detection
• 5.4.6 MALDI analysis
• 5.5 Dimorphism in the pathogenic fungi
• 5.6 Histoplasmosis
• 5.7 Blastomycosis
• 5.8 Coccidioidomycosis
• 5.9 Emmonsia disease
• 5.10 Fungal and fungal-like infections of unusual or uncertain etiology
• 5.10.1 Adiaspiromycosis
• 5.10.2 Coccidioidomycosis
• 5.10.3 Entomophthoromycosis
• 5.10.4 Lacaziosis
• 5.10.5 Rhinosporidiosis
• 5.11 Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses
• 5.11.1 Aflatoxins
• 5.11.2 Citrinin
• 5.11.3 Cyclopiazonic acid
• 5.11.4 Ergot alkaloids
• 5.11.5 Fumonisins
• 5.11.6 Ochratoxins
• 5.11.7 Patulin
• 5.11.8 Trichothecenes
• 5.11.9 Zearalenone
• 5.12 Antifungal agents
• 5.12.1 Allylamines
• 5.12.2 Azole antifungal drugs
• 5.12.3 Griseofulvin antifungal drug
• 5.12.4 Polyene antifungal drugs
• 5.12.5 Echinocandins
• 5.12.6 Flucytosine
• Saloni Singh Chapter 6 Microbial assay techniques
• 6.1 Microbiology
• 6.1.1 Microbiological stains
• 6.1.2 Stains
• 6.2 Bacteriology
• 6.3 Staining
• 6.3.1 Types of staining
• 6.3.2 Differential staining
• 6.3.3 Special staining procedure
• 6.3.4 Simple staining
• 6.3.5 Biochemical assay
• 6.4 Mycology
• 6.4.1 Staining methods
• 6.4.2 KOH staining
• 6.4.3 Calcofluor white stain
• 6.4.4 India ink staining
• 6.5 Parasitology
• 6.5.1 Assay of parasites
• Anil Kumar, Shailja Sankhyan, Abhishek Walia, Chayanika Putatunda, Dharambir Kashyap, Ajay Sharma, Anil K Sharma Chapter 7 Antimicrobial resistance: medical science facing a daunting challenge
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Molecular cascade in antimicrobial resistance
• 7.3 Biochemical aspects of antibiotic resistance
• 7.3.1 Antibiotic inactivation
• 7.3.2 Target modification
• 7.3.3 Efflux pumps and decreased membrane permeability
• 7.4 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
• 7.4.1 Disk diffusion/Kirby–Bauer method
• 7.4.2 Agar well diffusion method
• 7.4.3 Broth dilution method
• 7.4.4 Agar dilution method
• 7.4.5 E-test
• 7.4.6 Future alternatives to AST
• 7.5 Multidrug resistance
• 7.5.1 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
• 7.5.2 Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci
• 7.5.3 Extensively drug-resistant TB
• 7.5.4 Drug-resistant viruses
• 7.6 Conclusions
• Nazia Tarannum, Ranjit Hawaldar Chapter 8 Microbiology as an occupational hazard: risk and challenges
• 8.1 Components of microbiological wastes: introduction
• 8.2 Role of microbiology hazards in various occupations
• 8.3 Occupational zoonotic diseases
• 8.4 Legislation and safety policies
• 8.5 Biosafety measures in microbiological laboratories
• 8.5.1 Preplacement medical evaluations
• 8.5.2 Vaccines
• 8.5.3 Medical evaluations periodically
• 8.5.4 Proper disposal of healthcare wastes
• 8.6 Challenges faced by occupational hazard
• 8.7 Conclusion
• Preeti Kumari Sharma, Paavan Singhal Chapter 9 Medical waste management
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Definitions
• 9.3 Type of medical waste
• 9.4 Accompanying risks
• 9.4.1 Channeling pathways
• 9.5 Minimizing risks of medical wastes
• 9.5.1 Infectious microorganisms associated with hospital medical waste
• 9.6 Hazard group and containment level
• 9.6.1 Hazard groups
• 9.6.2 Levels of biohazard
• 9.6.3 Laboratory biosafety level criteria
• 9.6.4 Biosafety level 1
• 9.6.5 Biosafety level 2
• 9.6.6 Biosafety level 3
• 9.6.7 Biosafety level 4
• 9.7 Antiseptics and disinfectants
• 9.7.1 Antiseptics
• 9.7.2 Disinfectants
• 9.7.3 Properties/characteristics of antiseptics and disinfectants
• 9.7.4 Some of the commonly used antiseptics and disinfectants
• 9.7.5 Glutaraldehyde
• 9.8 Brief account of biomedical waste management
• 9.8.1 Waste treatment management
• 9.9 Education and training
• Index