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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Dedication
• Copyright
• Foreword
• Preface
• About the authors
• Acknowledgments
• List of Illustrations
• List of Tables
• 1.  Introduction to radiation protection
• Team concept in the medical field
• Control of radiant energy
• Goals of radiation protection
• Concept of radiation protection
• Justification and responsibility for imaging procedures: Benefit verses risk
• As low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle
• Patient protection and patient education
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 2.  Radiation: Types, sources, and doses received
• Radiation
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 3.  Interaction of x-radiation with matter
• Significance of x-ray absorption in biologic tissue
• X-ray beam production and energy
• Attenuation
• Probability of photon interaction with matter
• Processes of interaction
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 4.  Radiation quantities and units
• Historical evolution of radiation quantities and units
• Radiation quantities and their SI units of measure
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 5.  Radiation monitoring
• Personnel monitoring
• Personnel dosimeters for occupational monitoring
• Radiation survey instruments for area monitoring
• Instruments used to measure x-ray exposure
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 6.  Overview of cell biology
• The cell
• Cell chemical composition
• Cell structure
• Cell division
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 7.  Molecular and cellular radiation biology
• Ionizing radiation
• Radiation energy transfer determinants
• Molecular effects of irradiation
• Effects of irradiation on the entire cell
• Survival curves for mammalian cells
• Cell radiosensitivity
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 8.  Early tissue reactions and their effects on organ systems
• Somatic and genetic effects
• Somatic effects
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 9.  Stochastic effects and late tissue reactions of radiation in organ systems
• Epidemiology
• Carcinogenesis
• Radiation dose–response relationship
• Somatic effects
• Genetic (hereditary) effects
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 10.  Dose limits for exposure to ionizing radiation
• Basis of effective dose limiting system
• Radiation protection standards organizations
• US regulatory agencies
• Radiation safety program
• Radiation for health and safety act of 1968
• ALARA concept
• Food and drug administration white paper
• Consumer-patient radiation health and safety act of 1981
• Radiation-induced responses of concern in radiation protection
• Current radiation protection philosophy
• Basis for the effective dose limiting system
• Current national council on radiation protection and measurements recommendations
• Action limits
• Radiation hormesis
• Occupational and nonoccupational dose limits
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 11.  Equipment design for radiation protection
• Radiation safety features of radiographic equipment, devices, and accessories
• Automatic exposure control (AEC) and phototiming
• General information and radiation safety features of digital imaging equipment and accessories
• Radiation safety features of fluoroscopic equipment, devices, and accessories
• Radiation safety features of digital fluoroscopic equipment
• Radiation safety for high-level control interventional procedures
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 12.  Management of patient radiation dose during x-ray procedures
• Effective communication
• Immobilization
• Protective shielding
• Technical exposure factors
• Postprocessing of the radiographic image
• Air gap technique
• Repeat images
• Concern about risk of exposure during diagnostic imaging procedures
• Protecting the pregnant or potentially pregnant patient
• Pediatric considerations during radiographic imaging
• Image gently campaign
• Image wisely campaign
• Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, or DXA scan)
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 13.  Special considerations on safety in computed tomography
• Patient dose in computed tomography
• Methods for reduction of patient dose in CT
• Computed tomography dose parameters
• Effective computed tomography dose
• Multidetector computed tomography scanning (MDCT)
• Computed tomography cardiovascular imaging (CT CVI)
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 14.  X-ray breast imaging: Methods and radiation safety aspects
• Mammography and breast compression
• Digital breast tomosynthesis/3D mammography
• Radiation dosage
• DBT summary
• Summary
• Discussion questions
• Review questions
• 15.  Management of imaging personnel radiation dose during diagnostic x-ray procedures
• Annual limit for occupationally exposed personnel
• Alara concept
• Dose-reduction methods and techniques
• Protection for pregnant personnel
• Basic principles of radiation protection for personnel exposure reduction
• X-ray tube housing cables
• Protection during fluoroscopic procedures
• Protection during mobile x-ray examinations
• Protection during C-arm fluoroscopy
• Protection during high-level control interventional procedures
• Diagnostic x-ray suite protection design
• Radiation caution signs
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• 16.  Radioisotopes and radiation protection
• Medical usage
• Radioimmunotherapy (RIT)
• Radiation emergencies: Use of radiation as a terrorist weapon
• Summary
• General discussion questions
• Review questions
• Appendix A: Relationships between systems of units
• Appendix B: Image gently pledge and image wisely pledge
• Appendix C: Standard designations for metric system lengths electron volt energy levels and frequency spectrum ranges
• Appendix D: Periodic table of elements
• Appendix E: Relationship among photons electromagnetic waves wavelength and energy
• Appendix F: Electron shell structure of the atom
• Appendix G: Compton interaction
• Appendix H: NCRP 10CFR Part 3550 training for radiation safety officer and associate radiation safety officer
• Appendix I: Consumer Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981
• References
• Glossary
• Index