Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Measurement
• 1-1 MEASURING THINGS, INCLUDING LENGTHS
• What Is Physics?
• Measuring Things
• The International System of Units
• Changing Units
• Length
• Significant Figures and Decimal Places
• 1-2 TIME
• Time
• 1-3 MASS
• Mass
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• PROBLEMS
• 2 Motion Along a Straight Line
• 2-1 POSITION, DISPLACEMENT, AND AVERAGE VELOCITY
• What Is Physics?
• Motion
• Position and Displacement
• Average Velocity and Average Speed
• 2-2 INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY AND SPEED
• Instantaneous Velocity and Speed
• 2-3 ACCELERATION
• Acceleration
• 2-4 CONSTANT ACCELERATION
• Constant Acceleration: A Special Case
• Another Look at Constant Acceleration
• 2-5 FREE-FALL ACCELERATION
• Free-Fall Acceleration
• 2-6 GRAPHICAL INTEGRATION IN MOTION ANALYSIS
• Graphical Integration in Motion Analysis
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 3 Vectors
• 3-1 VECTORS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
• What Is Physics?
• Vectors and Scalars
• Adding Vectors Geometrically
• Components of Vectors
• 3-2 UNIT VECTORS, ADDING VECTORS BY COMPONENTS
• Unit Vectors
• Adding Vectors by Components
• Vectors and the Laws of Physics
• 3-3 MULTIPLYING VECTORS
• Multiplying Vectors
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 4 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions
• 4-1 POSITION AND DISPLACEMENT
• What Is Physics?
• Position and Displacement
• 4-2 AVERAGE VELOCITY AND INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY
• Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity
• 4-3 AVERAGE ACCELERATION AND INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION
• Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration
• 4-4 PROJECTILE MOTION
• Projectile Motion
• 4-5 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
• Uniform Circular Motion
• 4-6 RELATIVE MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION
• Relative Motion in One Dimension
• 4-7 RELATIVE MOTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS
• Relative Motion in Two Dimensions
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 5 Force and Motion–I
• 5-1 NEWTON’S FIRST AND SECOND LAWS
• What Is Physics?
• Newtonian Mechanics
• Newton’s First Law
• Force
• Mass
• Newton’s Second Law
• 5-2 SOME PARTICULAR FORCES
• Some Particular Forces
• 5-3 APPLYING NEWTON’S LAWS
• Newton’s Third Law
• Applying Newton’s Laws
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 6 Force and Motion–II
• 6-1 FRICTION
• What Is Physics?
• Friction
• Properties of Friction
• 6-2 THE DRAG FORCE AND TERMINAL SPEED
• The Drag Force and Terminal Speed
• 6-3 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
• Uniform Circular Motion
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 7 Kinetic Energy and Work
• 7-1 KINETIC ENERGY
• What Is Physics?
• What Is Energy?
• Kinetic Energy
• 7-2 WORK AND KINETIC ENERGY
• Work
• Work and Kinetic Energy
• 7-3 WORK DONE BY THE GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
• Work Done by the Gravitational Force
• 7-4 WORK DONE BY A SPRING FORCE
• Work Done by a Spring Force
• 7-5 WORK DONE BY A GENERAL VARIABLE FORCE
• Work Done by a General Variable Force
• 7-6 POWER
• Power
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 8 Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy
• 8-1 POTENTIAL ENERGY
• What Is Physics?
• Work and Potential Energy
• Path Independence of Conservative Forces
• Determining Potential Energy Values
• 8-2 CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
• Conservation of Mechanical Energy
• 8-3 READING A POTENTIAL ENERGY CURVE
• Reading a Potential Energy Curve
• 8-4 WORK DONE ON A SYSTEM BY AN EXTERNAL FORCE
• Work Done on a System by an External Force
• 8-5 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
• Conservation of Energy
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 9 Center of Mass and Linear Momentum
• 9-1 CENTER OF MASS
• What Is Physics?
• The Center of Mass
• 9-2 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW FOR A SYSTEM OF PARTICLES
• Newton’s Second Law for a System of Particles
• 9-3 LINEAR MOMENTUM
• Linear Momentum
• The Linear Momentum of a System of Particles
• 9-4 COLLISION AND IMPULSE
• Collision and Impulse
• 9-5 CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM
• Conservation of Linear Momentum
• 9-6 MOMENTUM AND KINETIC ENERGY IN COLLISIONS
• Momentum and Kinetic Energy in Collisions
• Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
• 9-7 ELASTIC COLLISIONS IN ONE DIMENSION
• Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
• 9-8 COLLISIONS IN TWO DIMENSIONS
• Collisions in Two Dimensions
• 9-9 SYSTEMS WITH VARYING MASS: A ROCKET
• Systems with Varying Mass: A Rocket
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 10 Rotation
• 10-1 ROTATIONAL VARIABLES
• What Is Physics?
• Rotational Variables
• Are Angular Quantities Vectors?
• 10-2 ROTATION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR ACCELERATION
• Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration
• 10-3 RELATING THE LINEAR AND ANGULAR VARIABLES
• Relating the Linear and Angular Variables
• 10-4 KINETIC ENERGY OF ROTATION
• Kinetic Energy of Rotation
• 10-5 CALCULATING THE ROTATIONAL INERTIA
• Calculating the Rotational Inertia
• 10-6 TORQUE
• Torque
• 10-7 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW FOR ROTATION
• Newton’s Second Law for Rotation
• 10-8 WORK AND ROTATIONAL KINETIC ENERGY
• Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 11 Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum
• 11-1 ROLLING AS TRANSLATION AND ROTATION COMBINED
• What Is Physics?
• Rolling as Translation and Rotation Combined
• 11-2 FORCES AND KINETIC ENERGY OF ROLLING
• The Kinetic Energy of Rolling
• The Forces of Rolling
• 11-3 THE YO-YO
• The Yo-Yo
• 11-4 TORQUE REVISITED
• Torque Revisited
• 11-5 ANGULAR MOMENTUM
• Angular Momentum
• 11-6 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW IN ANGULAR FORM
• Newton’s Second Law in Angular Form
• 11-7 ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF A RIGID BODY
• The Angular Momentum of a System of Particles
• The Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Rotating About a Fixed Axis
• 11-8 CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
• Conservation of Angular Momentum
• 11-9 PRECESSION OF A GYROSCOPE
• Precession of a Gyroscope
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 12 Equilibrium and Elasticity
• 12-1 EQUILIBRIUM
• What Is Physics?
• Equilibrium
• The Requirements of Equilibrium
• The Center of Gravity
• 12-2 SOME EXAMPLES OF STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
• Some Examples of Static Equilibrium
• 12-3 ELASTICITY
• Indeterminate Structures
• Elasticity
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 13 Gravitation
• 13-1 NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITATION
• What Is Physics?
• Newton’s Law of Gravitation
• 13-2 GRAVITATION AND THE PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION
• Gravitation and the Principle of Superposition
• 13-3 GRAVITATION NEAR EARTH’S SURFACE
• Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface
• 13-4 GRAVITATION INSIDE EARTH
• Gravitation Inside Earth
• 13-5 GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
• Gravitational Potential Energy
• 13-6 PLANETS AND SATELLITES: KEPLER’S LAWS
• Planets and Satellites: Kepler’s Laws
• 13-7 SATELLITES: ORBITS AND ENERGY
• Satellites: Orbits and Energy
• 13-8 EINSTEIN AND GRAVITATION
• Einstein and Gravitation
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 14 Fluids
• 14-1 FLUIDS, DENSITY, AND PRESSURE
• What Is Physics?
• What Is a Fluid?
• Density and Pressure
• 14-2 FLUIDS AT REST
• Fluids at Rest
• 14-3 MEASURING PRESSURE
• Measuring Pressure
• 14-4 PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE
• Pascal’s Principle
• 14-5 ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
• Archimedes’ Principle
• 14-6 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY
• Ideal Fluids in Motion
• The Equation of Continuity
• 14-7 BERNOULLI’S EQUATION
• Bernoulli’s Equation
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 15 Oscillations
• 15-1 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
• What Is Physics?
• Simple Harmonic Motion
• The Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion
• 15-2 ENERGY IN SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
• Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
• 15-3 AN ANGULAR SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR
• An Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillator
• 15-4 PENDULUMS, CIRCULAR MOTION
• Pendulums
• Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion
• 15-5 DAMPED SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
• Damped Simple Harmonic Motion
• 15-6 FORCED OSCILLATIONS AND RESONANCE
• Forced Oscillations and Resonance
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 16 Waves–I
• 16-1 TRANSVERSE WAVES
• What Is Physics?
• Types of Waves
• Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
• Wavelength and Frequency
• The Speed of a Traveling Wave
• 16-2 WAVE SPEED ON A STRETCHED STRING
• Wave Speed on a Stretched String
• 16-3 ENERGY AND POWER OF A WAVE TRAVELING ALONG A STRING
• Energy and Power of a Wave Traveling Along a String
• 16-4 THE WAVE EQUATION
• The Wave Equation
• 16-5 INTERFERENCE OF WAVES
• The Principle of Superposition for Waves
• Interference of Waves
• 16-6 PHASORS
• Phasors
• 16-7 STANDING WAVES AND RESONANCE
• Standing Waves
• Standing Waves and Resonance
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 17 Waves–II
• 17-1 SPEED OF SOUND
• What Is Physics?
• Sound Waves
• The Speed of Sound
• 17-2 TRAVELING SOUND WAVES
• Traveling Sound Waves
• 17-3 INTERFERENCE
• Interference
• 17-4 INTENSITY AND SOUND LEVEL
• Intensity and Sound Level
• 17-5 SOURCES OF MUSICAL SOUND
• Sources of Musical Sound
• 17-6 BEATS
• Beats
• 17-7 THE DOPPLER EFFECT
• The Doppler Effect
• 17-8 SUPERSONIC SPEEDS, SHOCK WAVES
• Supersonic Speeds, Shock Waves
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics
• 18-1 TEMPERATURE
• What Is Physics?
• Temperature
• The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
• Measuring Temperature
• 18-2 THE CELSIUS AND FAHRENHEIT SCALES
• The Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales
• 18-3 THERMAL EXPANSION
• Thermal Expansion
• 18-4 ABSORPTION OF HEAT
• Temperature and Heat
• The Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids
• 18-5 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
• A Closer Look at Heat and Work
• The First Law of Thermodynamics
• Some Special Cases of the First Law of Thermodynamics
• 18-6 HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISMS
• Heat Transfer Mechanisms
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 19 The Kinetic Theory of Gases
• 19-1 AVOGADRO’S NUMBER
• What Is Physics?
• Avogadro’s Number
• 19-2 IDEAL GASES
• Ideal Gases
• 19-3 PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, AND RMS SPEED
• Pressure, Temperature, and RMS Speed
• 19-4 TRANSLATIONAL KINETIC ENERGY
• Translational Kinetic Energy
• 19-5 MEAN FREE PATH
• Mean Free Path
• 19-6 THE DISTRIBUTION OF MOLECULAR SPEEDS
• The Distribution of Molecular Speeds
• 19-7 THE MOLAR SPECIFIC HEATS OF AN IDEAL GAS
• The Molar Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas
• 19-8 DEGREES OF FREEDOM AND MOLAR SPECIFIC HEATS
• Degrees of Freedom and Molar Specific Heats
• A Hint of Quantum Theory
• 19-9 THE ADIABATIC EXPANSION OF AN IDEAL GAS
• The Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 20 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
• 20-1 ENTROPY
• What Is Physics?
• Irreversible Processes and Entropy
• Change in Entropy
• The Second Law of Thermodynamics
• 20-2 ENTROPY IN THE REAL WORLD: ENGINES
• Entropy in the Real World: Engines
• 20-3 REFRIGERATORS AND REAL ENGINES
• Entropy in the Real World: Refrigerators
• The Efficiencies of Real Engines
• 20-4 A STATISTICAL VIEW OF ENTROPY
• A Statistical View of Entropy
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 21 Coulomb’s Law
• 21-1 COULOMB’S LAW
• What Is Physics?
• Electric Charge
• Conductors and Insulators
• Coulomb’s Law
• 21-2 CHARGE IS QUANTIZED
• Charge Is Quantized
• 21-3 CHARGE IS CONSERVED
• Charge Is Conserved
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 22 Electric Fields
• 22-1 THE ELECTRIC FIELD
• What Is Physics?
• The Electric Field
• Electric Field Lines
• 22-2 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A CHARGED PARTICLE
• The Electric Field Due to a Point Charge
• 22-3 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A DIPOLE
• The Electric Field Due to an Electric Dipole
• 22-4 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A LINE OF CHARGE
• The Electric Field Due to Line of Charge
• 22-5 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A CHARGED DISK
• The Electric Field Due to a Charged Disk
• 22-6 A POINT CHARGE IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD
• A Point Charge in an Electric Field
• 22-7 A DIPOLE IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD
• A Dipole in an Electric Field
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 23 Gauss’ Law
• 23-1 ELECTRIC FLUX
• What Is Physics?
• Electric Flux
• 23-2 GAUSS’ LAW
• Gauss’ Law
• Gauss’ Law and Coulomb’s Law
• 23-3 A CHARGED ISOLATED CONDUCTOR
• A Charged Isolated Conductor
• 23-4 APPLYING GAUSS’ LAW: CYLINDRICAL SYMMETRY
• Applying Gauss’ Law: Cylindrical Symmetry
• 23-5 APPLYING GAUSS’ LAW: PLANAR SYMMETRY
• Applying Gauss’ Law: Planar Symmetry
• 23-6 APPLYING GAUSS’ LAW: SPHERICAL SYMMETRY
• Applying Gauss’ Law: Spherical Symmetry
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 24 Electric Potential
• 24-1 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
• What Is Physics?
• Electric Potential and Electric Potential Energy
• 24-2 EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACES AND THE ELECTRIC FIELD
• Equipotential Surfaces
• Calculating the Potential from the Field
• 24-3 POTENTIAL DUE TO A CHARGED PARTICLE
• Potential Due to a Charged Particle
• Potential Due to a Group of Charged Particles
• 24-4 POTENTIAL DUE TO AN ELECTRIC DIPOLE
• Potential Due to an Electric Dipole
• 24-5 POTENTIAL DUE TO A CONTINUOUS CHARGE DISTRIBUTION
• Potential Due to a Continuous Charge Distribution
• 24-6 CALCULATING THE FIELD FROM THE POTENTIAL
• Calculating the Field from the Potential
• 24-7 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY OF A SYSTEM OF CHARGED PARTICLES
• Electric Potential Energy of a System of Charged Particles
• 24-8 POTENTIAL OF A CHARGED ISOLATED CONDUCTOR
• Potential of a Charged Isolated Conductor
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 25 Capacitance
• 25-1 CAPACITANCE
• What Is Physics?
• Capacitance
• 25-2 CALCULATING THE CAPACITANCE
• Calculating the Capacitance
• 25-3 CAPACITORS IN PARALLEL AND IN SERIES
• Capacitors in Parallel and in Series
• 25-4 ENERGY STORED IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD
• Energy Stored in an Electric Field
• 25-5 CAPACITOR WITH A DIELECTRIC
• Capacitor with a Dielectric
• Dielectrics: An Atomic View
• 25-6 DIELECTRICS AND GAUSS’ LAW
• Dielectrics and Gauss’ Law
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 26 Current and Resistance
• 26-1 ELECTRIC CURRENT
• What Is Physics?
• Electric Current
• 26-2 CURRENT DENSITY
• Current Density
• 26-3 RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY
• Resistance and Resistivity
• 26-4 OHM’S LAW
• Ohm’s Law
• A Microscopic View of Ohm’s Law
• 26-5 POWER, SEMICONDUCTORS, SUPERCONDUCTORS
• Power in Electric Circuits
• Semiconductors
• Superconductors
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 27 Circuits
• 27-1 SINGLE-LOOP CIRCUITS
• What Is Physics?
• “Pumping” Charges
• Work, Energy, and Emf
• Calculating the Current in a Single-Loop Circuit
• Other Single-Loop Circuits
• Potential Difference Between Two Points
• 27-2 MULTILOOP CIRCUITS
• Multiloop Circuits
• 27-3 THE AMMETER AND THE VOLTMETER
• The Ammeter and the Voltmeter
• 27-4 RC CIRCUITS
• RC Circuits
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 28 Magnetic Fields
• 28-1 MAGNETIC FIELDS AND THE DEFINITION OF B
• What Is Physics?
• What Produces a Magnetic Field?
• The Definition of B
• 28-2 CROSSED FIELDS: DISCOVERY OF THE ELECTRON
• Crossed Fields: Discovery of the Electron
• 28-3 CROSSED FIELDS: THE HALL EFFECT
• Crossed Fields: The Hall Effect
• 28-4 A CIRCULATING CHARGED PARTICLE
• A Circulating Charged Particle
• 28-5 CYCLOTRONS AND SYNCHROTRONS
• Cyclotrons and Synchrotrons
• 28-6 MAGNETIC FORCE ON A CURRENT-CARRYING WIRE
• Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire
• 28-7 TORQUE ON A CURRENT LOOP
• Torque on a Current Loop
• 28-8 THE MAGNETIC DIPOLE MOMENT
• The Magnetic Dipole Moment
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 29 Magnetic Fields Due to Currents
• 29-1 MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT
• What Is Physics?
• Calculating the Magnetic Field Due to a Current
• 29-2 FORCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL CURRENTS
• Force Between Two Parallel Currents
• 29-3 AMPERE’S LAW
• Ampere’s Law
• 29-4 SOLENOIDS AND TOROIDS
• Solenoids and Toroids
• 29-5 A CURRENT-CARRYING COIL AS A MAGNETIC DIPOLE
• A Current-Carrying Coil as a Magnetic Dipole
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 30 Induction and Inductance
• 30-1 FARADAY’S LAW AND LENZ’S LAW
• What Is Physics?
• Two Experiments
• Faraday’s Law of Induction
• Lenz’s Law
• 30-2 INDUCTION AND ENERGY TRANSFERS
• Induction and Energy Transfers
• 30-3 INDUCED ELECTRIC FIELDS
• Induced Electric Fields
• 30-4 INDUCTORS AND INDUCTANCE
• Inductors and Inductance
• 30-5 SELF-INDUCTION
• Self-Induction
• 30-6 RL CIRCUITS
• RL Circuits
• 30-7 ENERGY STORED IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
• Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
• 30-8 ENERGY DENSITY OF A MAGNETIC FIELD
• Energy Density of a Magnetic Field
• 30-9 MUTUAL INDUCTION
• Mutual Induction
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 31 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current
• 31-1 LC OSCILLATIONS
• What Is Physics?
• LC Oscillations, Qualitatively
• The Electrical-Mechanical Analogy
• LC Oscillations, Quantitatively
• 31-2 DAMPED OSCILLATIONS IN AN RLC CIRCUIT
• Damped Oscillations in an RLC Circuit
• 31-3 FORCED OSCILLATIONS OF THREE SIMPLE CIRCUITS
• Alternating Current
• Forced Oscillations
• Three Simple Circuits
• 31-4 THE SERIES RLC CIRCUIT
• The Series RLC Circuit
• 31-5 POWER IN ALTERNATING-CURRENT CIRCUITS
• Power in Alternating-Current Circuits
• 31-6 TRANSFORMERS
• Transformers
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 32 Maxwell’s Equations; Magnetism of Matter
• 32-1 GAUSS’ LAW FOR MAGNETIC FIELDS
• What Is Physics?
• Gauss’ Law for Magnetic Fields
• 32-2 INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELDS
• Induced Magnetic Fields
• 32-3 DISPLACEMENT CURRENT
• Displacement Current
• Maxwell’s Equations
• 32-4 MAGNETS
• Magnets
• 32-5 MAGNETISM AND ELECTRONS
• Magnetism and Electrons
• Magnetic Materials
• 32-6 DIAMAGNETISM
• Diamagnetism
• 32-7 PARAMAGNETISM
• Paramagnetism
• 32-8 FERROMAGNETISM
• Ferromagnetism
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 33 Electromagnetic Waves
• 33-1 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
• What Is Physics?
• Maxwell’s Rainbow
• The Traveling Electromagnetic Wave, Qualitatively
• The Traveling Electromagnetic Wave, Quantitatively
• 33-2 ENERGY TRANSPORT AND THE POYNTING VECTOR
• Energy Transport and the Poynting Vector
• 33-3 RADIATION PRESSURE
• Radiation Pressure
• 33-4 POLARIZATION
• Polarization
• 33-5 REFLECTION AND REFRACTION
• Reflection and Refraction
• 33-6 TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
• Total Internal Reflection
• 33-7 POLARIZATION BY REFLECTION
• Polarization by Reflection
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 34 Images
• 34-1 IMAGES AND PLANE MIRRORS
• What Is Physics?
• Two Types of Image
• Plane Mirrors
• 34-2 SPHERICAL MIRRORS
• Spherical Mirrors
• Images from Spherical Mirrors
• 34-3 SPHERICAL REFRACTING SURFACES
• Spherical Refracting Surfaces
• 34-4 THIN LENSES
• Thin Lenses
• 34-5 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
• Optical Instruments
• 34-6 THREE PROOFS
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 35 Interference
• 35-1 LIGHT AS A WAVE
• What Is Physics?
• Light as a Wave
• 35-2 YOUNG’S INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENT
• Diffraction
• Young’s Interference Experiment
• 35-3 INTERFERENCE AND DOUBLE-SLIT INTENSITY
• Coherence
• Intensity in Double-Slit Interference
• 35-4 INTERFERENCE FROM THIN FILMS
• Interference from Thin Films
• 35-5 MICHELSON’S INTERFEROMETER
• Michelson’s Interferometer
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 36 Diffraction
• 36-1 SINGLE-SLIT DIFFRACTION
• What Is Physics?
• Diffraction and the Wave Theory of Light
• Diffraction by a Single Slit: Locating the Minima
• 36-2 INTENSITY IN SINGLE-SLIT DIFFRACTION
• Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction
• Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction, Quantitatively
• 36-3 DIFFRACTION BY A CIRCULAR APERTURE
• Diffraction by a Circular Aperture
• 36-4 DIFFRACTION BY A DOUBLE SLIT
• Diffraction by a Double Slit
• 36-5 DIFFRACTION GRATINGS
• Diffraction Gratings
• 36-6 GRATINGS: DISPERSION AND RESOLVING POWER
• Gratings: Dispersion and Resolving Power
• 36-7 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• X-Ray Diffraction
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 37 Relativity
• 37-1 SIMULTANEITY AND TIME DILATION
• What Is Physics?
• The Postulates
• Measuring an Event
• The Relativity of Simultaneity
• The Relativity of Time
• 37-2 THE RELATIVITY OF LENGTH
• The Relativity of Length
• 37-3 THE LORENTZ TRANSFORMATION
• The Lorentz Transformation
• Some Consequences of the Lorentz Equations
• 37-4 THE RELATIVITY OF VELOCITIES
• The Relativity of Velocities
• 37-5 DOPPLER EFFECT FOR LIGHT
• Doppler Effect for Light
• 37-6 MOMENTUM AND ENERGY
• A New Look at Momentum
• A New Look at Energy
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 38 Photons and Matter Waves
• 38-1 THE PHOTON, THE QUANTUM OF LIGHT
• What Is Physics?
• The Photon, the Quantum of Light
• 38-2 THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
• The Photoelectric Effect
• 38-3 PHOTONS, MOMENTUM, COMPTON SCATTERING, LIGHT INTERFERENCE
• Photons Have Momentum
• Light as a Probability Wave
• 38-4 THE BIRTH OF QUANTUM PHYSICS
• The Birth of Quantum Physics
• 38-5 ELECTRONS AND MATTER WAVES
• Electrons and Matter Waves
• 38-6 SCHRÖDINGER’S EQUATION
• Schrödinger’s Equation
• 38-7 HEISENBERG’S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
• Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
• 38-8 REFLECTION FROM A POTENTIAL STEP
• Reflection from a Potential Step
• 38-9 TUNNELING THROUGH A POTENTIAL BARRIER
• Tunneling Through a Potential Barrier
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 39 More About Matter Waves
• 39-1 ENERGIES OF A TRAPPED ELECTRON
• What Is Physics?
• String Waves and Matter Waves
• Energies of a Trapped Electron
• 39-2 WAVE FUNCTIONS OF A TRAPPED ELECTRON
• Wave Functions of a Trapped Electron
• 39-3 AN ELECTRON IN A FINITE WELL
• An Electron in a Finite Well
• 39-4 TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON TRAPS
• More Electron Traps
• Two- and Three-Dimensional Electron Traps
• 39-5 THE HYDROGEN ATOM
• The Hydrogen Atom Is an Electron Trap
• The Bohr Model of Hydrogen, a Lucky Break
• Schrödinger’s Equation and the Hydrogen Atom
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 40 All About Atoms
• 40-1 PROPERTIES OF ATOMS
• What Is Physics?
• Some Properties of Atoms
• Angular Momentum, Magnetic Dipole Moments
• 40-2 THE STERN–GERLACH EXPERIMENT
• The Stern–Gerlach Experiment
• 40-3 MAGNETIC RESONANCE
• Magnetic Resonance
• 40-4 EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE AND MULTIPLE ELECTRONS IN A TRAP
• The Pauli Exclusion Principle
• Multiple Electrons in Rectangular Traps
• 40-5 BUILDING THE PERIODIC TABLE
• Building the Periodic Table
• 40-6 X RAYS AND THE ORDERING OF THE ELEMENTS
• X Rays and the Ordering of the Elements
• 40-7 LASERS
• Lasers and Laser Light
• How Lasers Work
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 41 Conduction of Electricity in Solids
• 41-1 THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS
• What Is Physics?
• The Electrical Properties of Solids
• Energy Levels in a Crystalline Solid
• Insulators
• Metals
• 41-2 SEMICONDUCTORS AND DOPING
• Semiconductors
• Doped Semiconductors
• 41-3 THE P-N JUNCTION AND THE TRANSISTOR
• The p-n Junction
• The Junction Rectifier
• The Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
• The Transistor
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 42 Nuclear Physics
• 42-1 DISCOVERING THE NUCLEUS
• What Is Physics?
• Discovering the Nucleus
• 42-2 SOME NUCLEAR PROPERTIES
• Some Nuclear Properties
• 42-3 RADIOACTIVE DECAY
• Radioactive Decay
• 42-4 ALPHA DECAY
• Alpha Decay
• 42-5 BETA DECAY
• Beta Decay
• 42-6 RADIOACTIVE DATING
• Radioactive Dating
• 42-7 MEASURING RADIATION DOSAGE
• Measuring Radiation Dosage
• 42-8 NUCLEAR MODELS
• Nuclear Models
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 43 Energy from the Nucleus
• 43-1 NUCLEAR FISSION
• What Is Physics?
• Nuclear Fission: The Basic Process
• A Model for Nuclear Fission
• 43-2 THE NUCLEAR REACTOR
• The Nuclear Reactor
• 43-3 A NATURAL NUCLEAR REACTOR
• A Natural Nuclear Reactor
• 43-4 THERMONUCLEAR FUSION: THE BASIC PROCESS
• Thermonuclear Fusion: The Basic Process
• 43-5 THERMONUCLEAR FUSION IN THE SUN AND OTHER STARS
• Thermonuclear Fusion in the Sun and Other Stars
• 43-6 CONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR FUSION
• Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• 44 Quarks, Leptons, and the Big Bang
• 44-1 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
• What Is Physics?
• Particles, Particles, Particles
• An Interlude
• 44-2 LEPTONS, HADRONS, AND STRANGENESS
• The Leptons
• The Hadrons
• Still Another Conservation Law
• The Eightfold Way
• 44-3 QUARKS AND MESSENGER PARTICLES
• The Quark Model
• The Basic Forces and Messenger Particles
• 44-4 COSMOLOGY
• A Pause for Reflection
• The Universe Is Expanding
• The Cosmic Background Radiation
• Dark Matter
• The Big Bang
• A Summing Up
• REVIEW & SUMMARY
• QUESTIONS
• PROBLEMS
• APPENDICES
• A The International System of Units (SI)
• B Some Fundamental Constants of Physics
• C Some Astronomical Data
• D Conversion Factors
• E Mathematical Formulas
• F Properties of The Elements
• G Periodic Table of The Elements
• Answers to Checkpoints and Odd-Numbered Questions and Problems
• INDEX
• MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS
• End User License Agreement