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• Cover image
• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology Ninth Edition Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Section 1 General principles
• 1 What is pharmacology?
• What Is a Drug?
• Origins and Antecedents
• Pharmacology in the 20Th and 21St Centuries
• References and Further Reading
• 2 How drugs act
• Introduction
• Protein Targets for Drug Binding
• Desensitisation and Tolerance
• Quantitative Aspects of Drug–Receptor Interactions
• The Nature of Drug Effects
• References and Further Reading
• 3 How drugs act
• Protein Targets for Drug Action
• Receptor Proteins
• Ion Channels as Drug Targets
• Control of Receptor Expression
• Receptors and Disease
• References and Further Reading
• 4 How drugs act
• Regulation of Intracellular Calcium
• Excitation
• Muscle Contraction
• Release of Chemical Mediators
• Epithelial Ion Transport
• References and Further Reading
• 5 How drugs act
• Introduction
• Protein and Oligonucleotide Biopharmaceuticals
• Oligonucleotides
• Gene Therapy
• Safety and Societal Issues
• Therapeutic Applications
• Concluding Remarks
• References and Further Reading
• 6 Cell proliferation, apoptosis, repair and regeneration
• Cell Proliferation
• Angiogenesis
• Apoptosis and Cell Removal
• Pathophysiological Implications
• Therapeutic Prospects
• References and Further Reading
• 7 Cellular mechanisms
• Introduction
• The Innate Immune Response
• The Adaptive Immune Response
• Systemic Responses in Inflammation
• References and Further Reading
• 8 Method and measurement in pharmacology
• Bioassay
• Animal Models of Disease
• Pharmacological Studies in Humans
• Clinical Trials
• References and Further Reading
• 9 Absorption and distribution of drugs
• Introduction
• Physical Processes Underlying Drug Disposition
• Drug Absorption and Routes of Administration
• Distribution of Drugs in the Body
• Special Drug Delivery Systems
• References and Further Reading
• 10 Drug metabolism and elimination
• Introduction
• Drug and Metabolite Excretion
• References and Further Reading
• 11 Pharmacokinetics
• Introduction: Definition and Uses of Pharmacokinetics
• Drug Elimination Expressed as Clearance
• Single-Compartment Model
• More Complicated Kinetic Models
• Population Pharmacokinetics
• Limitations of Pharmacokinetics
• References and Further Reading
• 12 Individual variation, pharmacogenomics and personalised medicine
• Introduction
• Epidemiological Factors and Inter-Individual Variation of Drug Response
• Genetic Variation in Drug Responsiveness
• Therapeutic Drugs and Clinically Available Pharmacogenomic Tests
• Conclusions
• References and Further Reading
• Section 2 Chemical mediators
• 13 Chemical mediators and the autonomic nervous system
• Historical Aspects
• The Autonomic Nervous System
• Some General Principles of Chemical Transmission
• Basic Steps in Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action
• References and Further Reading
• 14 Cholinergic transmission
• Muscarinic and Nicotinic Actions of Acetylcholine
• Acetylcholine Receptors
• Nicotinic Receptors
• Physiology of Cholinergic Transmission
• Effects of Drugs on Cholinergic Transmission
• References and Further Reading
• 15 Noradrenergic transmission
• Catecholamines
• Classification of Adrenoceptors
• Physiology of Noradrenergic Transmission
• Drugs Acting on Noradrenergic Transmission
• References and Further Reading
• 16 5-Hydroxytryptamine and the pharmacology of migraine
• 5-Hydroxytryptamine
• Migraine and Other Clinical Conditions in Which 5-HT Plays a Role
• References and Further Reading
• 17 Purines
• Introduction
• Purinergic Receptors
• Adenosine as a Mediator
• ADP as a Mediator
• ATP as a Mediator
• Future Prospects
• References and Further Reading
• 18 Local hormones 1
• Introduction
• What Is a ‘Mediator’?
• Histamine
• Eicosanoids
• Leukotrienes
• Other Important Fatty Acid Derivatives
• Platelet-Activating Factor
• Concluding Remarks
• References and Further Reading
• 19 Local hormones 2
• Introduction
• General Principles of Protein and Peptide Pharmacology
• Biosynthesis and Regulation of Peptides
• Bradykinin
• Neuropeptides
• Cytokines
• Proteins and Peptides That Down-Regulate Inflammation
• Concluding Remarks
• References and Further Reading
• 20 Cannabinoids
• Plant-Derived Cannabinoids and Their Pharmacological Effects
• Cannabinoid Receptors
• Endocannabinoids
• Synthetic Cannabinoids
• Clinical Applications
• References and Further Reading
• 21 Nitric oxide and related mediators
• Introduction
• Biosynthesis of Nitric Oxide and Its Control
• Degradation and Carriage of Nitric Oxide
• Effects of Nitric Oxide
• Therapeutic Aspects
• Clinical Conditions in Which Nitric Oxide May Play A Part
• Related Mediators
• References and Further Reading
• Section 3 Drugs affecting major organ systems
• 22 The heart
• Introduction
• Physiology of Cardiac Function
• Autonomic Control of the Heart
• Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides
• Ischaemic Heart Disease
• Drugs That Affect Cardiac Function
• References and Further Reading
• 23 The vascular system
• Introduction
• Vascular Structure and Function
• Control of Vascular Smooth Muscle Tone
• Vasoactive Drugs
• Clinical Uses of Vasoactive Drugs
• References and Further Reading
• 24 Atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism
• Introduction
• Atherogenesis
• Lipoprotein Transport
• Prevention of Atheromatous Disease
• Lipid-Lowering Drugs
• References and Further Reading
• 25 Haemostasis and thrombosis
• Introduction
• Blood Coagulation
• Drugs That Act on the Coagulation Cascade
• Platelet Adhesion and Activation
• Fibrinolysis (Thrombolysis)
• References and Further Reading
• 26 Haematopoietic system and treatment of anaemia
• Introduction
• The Haematopoietic System
• Types of Anaemia
• Haematinic Agents
• Haematopoietic Growth Factors
• Haemolytic Anaemia
• References and Further Reading
• 27 Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs
• Introduction
• Cyclo-Oxygenase Inhibitors
• Antirheumatoid Drugs
• Anticytokine Drugs and Other Biopharmaceuticals
• Drugs Used in Gout
• Antagonists of Histamine
• Possible Future Developments IN ANTIINFLAMMATORY THERAPY
• References and Further Reading
• 28 Skin
• Introduction
• Structure of Skin
• Common Diseases of the Skin
• Drugs Acting on Skin
• Principal Drugs Used in Skin Disorders
• Agents Acting by Other Mechanisms
• Concluding Remarks
• References and Further Reading
• 29 Respiratory system
• The Physiology of Respiration
• Pulmonary Disease and Its Treatment
• References and Further Reading
• 30 The kidney and urinary system
• Introduction
• Outline of Renal Function
• The Structure and Function of the Nephron
• Drugs Acting on the Kidney
• Drugs That Alter the pH of the Urine
• Drugs That Alter the Excretion of Organic Molecules
• Drugs Used in Renal Failure
• Drugs Used in Urinary Tract Disorders
• References and Further Reading
• 31 The gastrointestinal tract
• The Innervation and Hormones of the Gastrointestinal Tract
• Gastric Secretion
• Vomiting
• The Motility of the GI Tract
• Drugs for Chronic Bowel Disease
• Drugs Affecting the Biliary System
• Future Directions
• References and Further Reading
• 32 The control of blood glucose and drug treatment of diabetes mellitus
• Introduction
• Control of Blood Glucose
• Pancreatic Islet Hormones
• Diabetes Mellitus
• References and Further Reading
• 33 Obesity
• Introduction
• Obesity as a Health Problem
• Homeostatic Mechanisms Controlling Energy Balance
• The Pathophysiology of Human Obesity
• Pharmacological Approaches to the Problem of Obesity
• New Approaches to Obesity Therapy
• References and Further Reading
• 34 The pituitary and the adrenal cortex
• The Pituitary Gland
• The Adrenal Cortex
• New Directions in Glucocorticoid Therapy
• References and Further Reading
• 35 The thyroid
• Synthesis, Storage and Secretion of Thyroid Hormones
• Regulation of Thyroid Function
• Actions of the Thyroid Hormones
• Transport and Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones
• Abnormalities of Thyroid Function
• Drugs Used in Diseases of the Thyroid
• References and Further Reading
• 36 The reproductive system
• Introduction
• Endocrine Control of Reproduction
• Drugs Affecting Reproductive Function
• Drugs Used for Contraception
• The Uterus
• Erectile Dysfunction
• References and Further Reading
• 37 Bone metabolism
• Introduction
• Bone Structure and Composition
• Bone Remodelling
• Disorders of Bone
• Drugs Used in Bone Disorders
• Potential New Therapies
• References and Further Reading
• Section 4 Nervous system
• 38 Chemical transmission and drug action in the central nervous system
• Introduction
• Chemical Signalling in the Nervous System
• Targets for Drug Action
• Drug Action in the Central Nervous System
• The Classification of Psychotropic Drugs
• References and Further Reading
• 39 Amino acid transmitters
• Excitatory Amino Acids
• Glutamate
• γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
• Glycine
• Concluding Remarks
• References and further reading
• 40 Other transmitters and modulators
• Introduction
• Noradrenaline
• Dopamine
• 5-Hydroxytryptamine
• Acetylcholine
• Purines
• Histamine
• Other CNS Mediators
• A Final Message
• References and Further Reading
• 41 Neurodegenerative diseases
• Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases
• Mechanisms of Neuronal Death
• Ischaemic Brain Damage
• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Parkinson’s Disease
• Huntington’s Disease
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy
• Multiple Sclerosis
• References and Further Reading
• 42 General anaesthetic agents
• Introduction
• Mechanism of Action of Anaesthetic Drugs
• Intravenous Anaesthetic Agents
• Inhalation Anaesthetics
• Individual Inhalation Anaesthetics
• Balanced Anaesthesia
• References and Further Reading
• 43 Analgesic drugs
• Neural Mechanisms of Pain
• Analgesic Drugs
• References and further reading
• 44 Local anaesthetics and other drugs affecting sodium channels
• Local Anaesthetics
• Other Drugs That Affect Sodium Channels
• References and Further Reading
• 45 Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs
• The Nature of Anxiety and Its Treatment
• Measurement of Anxiolytic Activity
• Drugs Used to Treat Anxiety
• Delayed Anxiolytic Effect of SSRIs and Buspirone
• Drugs Used to Treat Insomnia (Hypnotic Drugs)
• References and Further Reading
• 46 Antiepileptic drugs
• Introduction
• The Nature of Epilepsy
• Antiepileptic Drugs
• Muscle Spasm and Muscle Relaxants
• References and Further Reading
• 47 Antipsychotic drugs
• Introduction
• The Nature of Schizophrenia
• Antipsychotic Drugs
• Future Developments
• References and Further Reading
• 48 Antidepressant drugs
• The Nature of Depression
• Theories of Depression
• Antidepressant Drugs
• Clinical Effectiveness of Antidepressant Treatments
• Future Antidepressant Drugs
• Brain Stimulation Therapies
• Drug Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
• References and Further Reading
• 49 Psychoactive drugs
• Introduction
• Psychomotor Stimulants
• Cognition-Enhancing Drugs
• Psychedelic Drugs
• Ketamine and Related Drugs
• Depressants
• Tolerance and Dependence
• Synthetic Cannabinoids
• References and Further Reading
• 50 Drug abuse and dependence
• Drug Use and Abuse
• References and Further Reading
• Section 5 Drugs used for the treatment of infections and cancer
• 51 Basic principles of antimicrobial chemotherapy
• Background
• The Molecular Basis of Chemotherapy
• Resistance to Antibacterial Drugs
• Current Status of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
• References and Further Reading
• 52 Antibacterial drugs
• Introduction
• Antibacterial Agents That Interfere With Folate Synthesis or Action
• β-Lactam Antibiotics and Other Agents That Interfere With Bacterial Wall or Membrane Synthesis
• Antimicrobial Agents Affecting Bacterial Protein Synthesis
• Antimicrobial Agents Affecting Topoisomerase
• Miscellaneous Antibacterial Agents
• Antimycobacterial Agents
• Possible New Antibacterial Drugs
• References and Further Reading
• 53 Antiviral drugs
• Background Information About Viruses
• The Host–Virus Interaction
• HIV and AIDS
• Antiviral Drugs
• Combination Therapy for HIV
• Prospects for New Antiviral Drugs
• References and further reading
• 54 Antifungal drugs
• Fungi and Fungal Infections
• Drugs Used to Treat Fungal Infections
• Future Developments
• References and Further Reading
• 55 Antiprotozoal drugs
• Background
• Host–Parasite Interactions
• Malaria and Antimalarial Drugs
• Amoebiasis and Amoebicidal Drugs
• Trypanosomiasis and Trypanocidal Drugs
• Other Protozoal Infections and Drugs Used to Treat Them
• Future Developments
• References and Further Reading
• 56 Antihelminthic drugs
• Helminth Infections
• Antihelminthic Drugs
• Resistance to Antihelminthic Drugs
• Vaccines and Other Novel Approaches
• References and Further Reading
• 57 Anticancer drugs
• Introduction
• The Pathogenesis of Cancer
• General Principles of Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs
• Anticancer Drugs
• Future Developments
• References and Further Reading
• Section 6 Special topics
• 58 Harmful effects of drugs
• Introduction
• Classification of Adverse Drug Reactions
• Drug Toxicity
• Immunological Reactions to Drugs
• References and further reading
• 59 Lifestyle and drugs in sport
• What Are Lifestyle Drugs?
• Classification of Lifestyle Drugs
• Drugs and Sex
• Drugs in Sport
• Conclusion
• References and Further Reading
• 60 Drug discovery and development
• The Stages of a Project
• Biopharmaceuticals
• Commercial Aspects
• Future Prospects
• A Final Word
• References and Further Reading
• Index