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• Title Page
• Copyright and Credits
• Mastering VMware vSphere 6.7 Second Edition
• About Packt
• Why subscribe?
• Packt.com
• Contributors
• About the authors
• About the reviewer
• Packt is searching for authors like you
• Preface
• Who this book is for
• What this book covers
• To get the most out of this book
• Download the color images
• Conventions used
• Get in touch
• Reviews
• Section 1: Getting Started
• Evolution to vSphere 6.7
• Introduction to VMware vSphere
• vSphere strategy – the foundation of your unified hybrid cloud
• Software-defined data center (SDDC)
• Virtualization versus containers
• VMware vSphere ecosystem
• Data centers and cloud computing
• Storage and availability
• Network and security
• End user computing
• Cloud management
• Cloud-native workloads
• Introduction to VMware Cloud on AWS
• Hardware specifications and sizing
• Physical location
• Pricing
• Interconnection with on-premises SDDC
• Connectivity to native AWS services
• Certifications
• What’s new in VMware vSphere 6.7?
• Key features
• vSphere Client (HTML-5)
• Improved vCenter Server Appliance (vCSA) monitoring
• Improved vCenter backup management
• ESXi single-reboot upgrades
• ESXi Quick Boot
• Support for Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)
• vSphere persistent memory
• Virtual Trusted Platform Module (vTPM)
• TPM 2.0
• Microsoft virtualization-based security (VBS)
• Per-VM Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC)
• Hybrid linked mode
• Instant Clone
• Configuration maximums
• Virtual machine hardware 14
• ESXi 6.7 hypervisors
• vCenter Server 6.7
• VMware vSphere 6.7 Editions
• VMware vSphere Editions
• VMware vSphere Essentials Kits
• Remote Office Branch Office (ROBO) editions
• Reasons for and against upgrading
• Why upgrade?
• Why shouldn’t you upgrade?
• Upgrade paths
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Designing and Planning a Virtualization Infrastructure
• Planning a virtual infrastructure project
• Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)
• Waterfall
• ITIL v3
• Improved waterfall
• Physical hardware considerations
• Physical form factor considerations
• Standard rack servers
• Blade servers
• Hyper-converged servers
• Resource comparison
• Hyper-converged systems
• Storage design considerations
• Standard storage arrays
• Software-defined storage
• Network design considerations
• Three-tier architecture
• Access
• Distribution
• Core
• Leaf spine
• Assess
• The design objective
• Requirements, constraints, assumptions, and risks
• Design
• Conceptual design
• Logical design
• Physical design
• ESXi host
• Compute
• Storage
• Network connectivity
• Management
• vCenter Server
• How to provide good documentation
• Best practices
• Reference architecture
• VVD
• Different scenarios
• Enterprise
• Business requirements
• Possible constraints
• Main risks
• Some design decisions
• Small and medium-sized business (SMB)
• Business requirements
• Possible constraints
• Main risks
• Some design decisions
• ROBO
• Business requirements
• Possible constraints
• Main risks
• Examples of design decisions
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Analysis and Assessment of Existing Environments
• Analyzing a physical environment before virtualizing
• Useful metrics from a physical environment
• Processor metrics
• Memory metrics
• Disk metrics
• Network metrics
• Are all workloads good candidates to be virtualized?
• Existing tools to analyze a physical environment
• VMware Capacity Planner (VCP)
• Virtual Storage Area Network (vSAN) sizing tools
• Dell Live Optics
• Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit
• Assessing an existing virtual environment
• Discovery and inventory
• Health check
• Benchmarks
• DVD Store
• Hyper-Converged Infrastructure Benchmark (HCIBench)
• Existing tools for analyzing a virtual environment
• RVTools
• VOA
• VMware vSphere Health Check
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Deployment Workflow and Component Installation
• vSphere components and workflow
• ESXi deployment plan
• Choosing the hardware platform
• Identification of the storage architecture
• Defining the network configuration
• ESXi installation
• Where should I install ESXi?
• Preparing for deployment
• Interactive installation
• Unattended installation
• Auto Deploy installation
• How Auto Deploy works
• Configuring DHCP
• Configuring TFTP
• Creating an image profile
• Creating deployment rules
• Auto Deploy modes
• Stateless installation
• Stateless caching installation
• Stateful installation
• vCenter Server components
• PSC
• Linked Mode
• vCenter Server
• Migration from vCenter for Windows to vCSA
• Where to install – physical or virtual?
• vCenter Server Appliance deployment
• Why deploy vCSA instead of the Windows version?
• Installing the vCSA PSC
• Installing the vCSA vCenter
• Installing the vCSA with Embedded Platform Service Controller
• vCSA HA
• vCenter HA configuration
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Configuring and Managing vSphere 6.7
• Using the VMware vSphere HTML5 client
• Configuring ESXi
• Management network configuration
• Enabling Secure Shell (SSH) access
• ESXi firewall
• Configuring the Network Time Protocol (NTP)
• ESXi 6.7 partition layout
• Boot banks
• Scratch partition
• Centralized log management
• vRealize Log Insight
• Free syslog servers
• Syslog configuration
• Backing up and restoring ESXi
• Backing up and restoring ESXi using CLI
• Backing up and restoring ESXi using PowerCLI
• Backing up using PowerCLI
• Restoring using PowerCLI
• Backing up all ESXi servers within a single vCenter server
• Configuring vCSA
• Basic setup using the vCenter Server Appliance Management Interface (VAMI)
• Modifying the IP address and DNS
• Exporting a support bundle
• Configuring time synchronization
• Changing the vCSA password
• Licensing
• Roles and permissions
• AD integration
• Configuring ESXi with AD authentication
• Installing the VMware Enhanced Authentication plugin
• vCSA and PSC
• Repointing the vCSA to another external PSC
• Pointing the vCSA with an embedded PSC to an external PSC
• Resetting the SSO password
• Exporting and importing the vCSA configuration
• The vCSA backup procedure
• vCSA restoration procedure
• Managing data centers, clusters, and hosts
• Creating a data center
• Adding a host to the vCenter Server
• Disconnecting a host from vCenter Server
• Removing a host from vCenter Server
• Creating a cluster
• Removing a host from a cluster
• Managing hosts
• Using tags
• Tasks
• Scheduling tasks
• Managing host profiles
• Automating tasks with scripts
• Automating with PowerCLI
• PowerCLI script examples
• vCenter REST API
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Life Cycle Management, Patching, and Upgrading
• Patching a vSphere 6.7 environment
• Upgrade flow to vSphere 6.7
• Upgrading the workflow and procedure
• Step 1 – pre-migration
• Step 2 – migration
• Step 3 – validation
• Upgrading vCSA 6.5 to vCSA 6.7
• Upgrading vCenter 6.5 for Windows to vCenter 6.7 for Windows
• PSC upgrade
• Upgrading vCenter Server
• Migrating vCenter 6.5 for Windows to vCSA 6.7
• Migration procedure
• Upgrading standalone ESXi servers
• ESXi compatibility checker
• Updating or patching ESXi hosts through the installation ISO
• Updating or patching ESXi hosts through the command line
• Rolling back to the previous version
• VUM
• Configuring VUM
• Working with baselines
• Baseline groups
• Attaching or detaching baselines
• Scanning VMs and hosts
• Staging and remediating patches
• Upgrading hosts with VUM
• Upgrading VM hardware
• Upgrading VM Tools
• Updating the vCSA
• Updating the vCSA through the command line
• Staging and remediating patches
• Updating the vCSA with VAMI
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Section 2: Managing Resources
• Managing Networking Resources
• Basic network overview
• OSI model
• Encapsulation and de-encapsulation
• MAC tables and MAC learning process
• Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
• Virtual LAN (VLAN)
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) versus User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• IPv6
• Virtual networking with switches
• Standard virtual switch (vSwitch) overview
• Distributed vSwitch overview
• Comparing standard and distributed vSwitches
• Managing standard virtual networking
• Creating a new vSwtich
• New vSwitch from ESXi host client
• New vSwitch from vCenter Server
• New vSwitch from ESXi CLI
• Working with port groups
• Creating a new port group from ESXi host client
• Creating a new port group from vCenter Server
• Creating a new port group from ESXi CLI
• Working with VMkernel adapters
• Creating a new VMkernel adapter from ESXi host client
• Creating a new VMkernel adapter from vCenter Server
• Working with physical NICs
• TCP/IP stacks
• Managing distributed virtual networking
• Creating a distributed vSwitch
• Attaching the ESXi host to the distributed vSwitch
• Creating distributed port groups
• Properties and configuration options of the distributed vSwitch
• Topology
• Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
• Private VLAN (PVLAN)
• NetFlow
• Port mirroring
• Health check
• Ports, hosts, and VMs
• Migrate VM networking
• NIOC
• Network resource pools
• Direct allocation on VM
• Advanced network functions
• Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV)
• Enabling SR-IOV
• Configuring VM for SR-IOV
• Traffic filtering and marking
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Managing Storage Resources
• Storage basics
• Storage arrays
• Storage performance
• The RAID level
• Deduplication
• Replication
• Physical storage device types
• SSDs and AFAs
• Asymmetric Logical Unit Access (ALUA) arrays
• VMware vSphere storage types
• Storage types at the ESXi logical level
• Storage types at the ESXi physical level
• Storage types at VM logical levels
• Storage types at the VM physical level
• Persistent memory (PMem)
• VMware vSphere storage configuration
• FC storage
• FCoE storage
• iSCSI storage
• NFS storage
• SIOC and storage DRS
• SIOC
• Reservations, limits, and shares
• Reservations
• Limits
• Shares
• RLS calculations
• SIOC versions
• Storage DRS
• Datastore clusters
• Anti-affinity rules
• Advanced storage features
• Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) 6
• Automatic space reclaim
• Instant clones versus linked clones
• Storage DRS versus storage tiering
• RDM
• Permanent Device Loss (PDL) and All-Paths-Down (APD)
• Flash Read Cache
• Storage integration
• VMware vSphere SPBM
• Pluggable Storage Architecture (PSA)
• Multipathing
• VMware vStorage API for Array Integration (VAAI)
• VMware vSphere APIs for I/O Filtering (VAIO)
• VASA
• VVols
• Introducing VMware vSAN
• Planning and designing
• Device considerations
• vSAN configuration
• Health monitoring
• vSAN policies
• Creating VM on vSAN
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• VM Deployment and Management
• The components of a virtual machine
• Virtual hardware
• vCPUs
• Memory
• Network adapter
• Virtual disks
• Storage controller
• File structure
• Changing the default file position
• Virtual machine tools
• OVT
• Deploying VMs
• Creating a new VM
• Hardware version
• Setting the default hardware version
• Installing the OS
• Installing Virtual Machine Tools
• Cloning a VM
• Deploying a VM from a template
• VM customization Specifications
• Content library
• Creating a content library
• Local content library
• Subscribed content library
• Working with the content library
• Uploading ISO images
• Uploading templates and OVF files
• Deploying VMs from the content library
• ISO files from the content library
• Managing VMs
• Adding or registering an existing VM
• Removing or deleting a VM
• Managing the power state of a VM
• Managing VM snapshots
• Creating a snapshot
• Reverting to a snapshot
• Committing changes
• Snapshot consolidation
• Importing and exporting VMs
• Deploying Open Virtual Format (OVF) and Open Virtual Appliance (OVA) templates
• Exporting a virtual machine and an Open Virtual Format (OVF)
• Converting VMs
• P2V conversion
• V2V conversion
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• VM Resource Management
• Virtual machine resource management
• Reservations, limits, and shares
• Shares
• Reservations
• Limits
• CPU resources
• Memory resources
• VM swapping
• ESXi host memory states
• TPS
• Ballooning
• Compression
• Host swapping
• Virtual machine migration
• Compute vMotion
• Storage vMotion
• vMotion without shared storage
• DRS
• Virtual network-aware DRS
• Managing DRS rules
• VM-VM affinity rule
• VM-Host affinity rule
• DRS recommendations
• DRS utilization
• Managing power resources
• Resource pools and vApps
• Resource pool configuration
• Expandable resource pool
• Resource allocation monitoring and calculations
• Managing resource pools
• vApps
• Network and storage resources
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Section 3: Advanced Topics
• Availability and Disaster Recovery
• VMware vSphere HA
• vSphere HA configuration
• vSphere HA heartbeats
• vSphere HA network heartbeats
• vSphere HA storage heartbeats
• vSphere HA protection mechanism
• Virtual Machine Component Protection (VMCP)
• Proactive HA
• Admission control
• VM restart and monitoring
• VMware vSphere FT
• FT configuration
• Working with FT-enabled VM
• FT performance implications
• Virtual machine clustering
• Clustering features available in VMware vSphere
• RDM device and multi-writer flag
• Virtual machine backup
• Transport modes
• Backup solutions for VMware vSphere
• Veeam Backup and Replication
• NAKIVO Backup and Replication
• Altaro VM Backup
• Vembu VMBackup
• Deduplication appliances
• Hyper-scale solutions
• Cohesity
• Rubrik
• VMware vSphere Replication
• vSphere Replication installation
• Working with vSphere Replication
• Configuring vSphere Replication
• Disaster recovery and disaster avoidance
• DR of a virtual data center
• DR versus disaster avoidance
• DR versus stretched clusters
• VMware solutions
• VM Replication
• Stretched cluster
• SRM
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Securing and Protecting Your Environment
• Security and hardening concepts in vSphere
• Hardening vSphere
• Authentication and identity
• SSO configuration
• Password management
• Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
• Active directory integration
• MFA
• Smart cards
• RSA SecurID
• vCenter Server, ESXi, and VM hardening
• ESXi hardening
• Lockdown mode
• Networking
• Transparent Page Sharing (TPS)
• VIB acceptance level
• Host encryption mode
• ESXi Secure Boot
• vCenter hardening
• VM hardening
• VM Secure Boot
• Other security aspects
• Log management
• Monitoring protocols
• Certification management
• Encryption options of the vSphere
• Protecting the data at rest
• VM encryption
• Protecting data in motion
• Encrypted vMotion
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Analyzing and Optimizing Your Environment
• Monitoring a virtual environment
• vSphere monitoring
• vCenter Server statistics levels
• Performance monitoring with vCenter Server
• ESXi health
• Working with alarms
• CLI monitoring
• ESXTOP
• PowerCLI
• VM optimization
• Using the default VM templates
• Using only the necessary virtual hardware
• Choosing the correct virtual network adapter
• VMware tools
• Paravirtual SCSI (PVSCSI) storage controller
• Don’t use snapshots in production
• Don’t oversize your VMs
• VMware OS Optimization Tool (OSOT)
• Log management
• vRealize Log Insight
• vRealize Operations
• vRealize Operations installation
• vRealize Operations analytics
• vRealize Operations integrations
• Other monitoring tools
• Veeam ONE
• Opvizor
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Troubleshooting Your Environment
• What is troubleshooting?
• Troubleshooting a virtual environment
• CLI tools
• esxcli commands
• esxcfg-*
• Ruby vSphere console
• vim-cmd
• vcsa-cli
• PowerCLI
• Logs
• ESXi host logs
• Troubleshooting vSphere components
• Troubleshooting the vCenter Server
• Troubleshooting the ESXi host
• Troubleshooting cluster HA or DRS
• Troubleshooting a virtual network
• Troubleshooting storage
• Troubleshooting VMs
• Summary
• Questions
• Further reading
• Section 4: Building Your Lab Environment
• Building Your Own VMware vSphere Lab
• The importance of lifelong learning
• Why build a lab?
• VMware Hands-On Lab (HOL)
• VMware forums
• Blogs
• Choosing the right platform
• Standard rack servers
• Desktop PC
• Small, dedicated PCs
• Cloud-based solutions
• A dedicated server in a data center
• Software components and licensing
• VMware licensing
• VMware EVALExperience
• Windows licensing
• Other software components
• Storage
• Networking
• Architecture and logical design
• The architecture of the lab
• The Master ESXi hypervisor
• iSCSI storage
• Virtual router
• Management station
• AD
• IP address plan
• Management network
• vMotion network
• iSCSI network
• Production network
• A detailed implementation guide
• Master ESXi server configuration
• Network configuration
• Virtual switches
• Port groups
• Virtual machines
• Virtual router
• Virtual router configuration
• Firewalls and access to the virtual router
• DNS configuration
• License configuration
• VLAN configuration
• Windows infrastructure
• DC01.learnvmware.local
• DC02.learnvmware.local
• Mgmt.learnvmware.local
• iscsi.learnvmware.local
• Storage design
• iSCSI target configuration
• DNS configuration
• Centralized management
• iSCSI target configuration
• ESXi servers
• Network configuration
• vSwitches
• Port groups
• VMkernel ports
• Network verification
• Storage configuration
• The vCenter Server
• vSphere configuration
• Summary
• Assessment
• Chapter 1: Evolution to vSphere 6.7
• Chapter 2: Designing and Planning a Virtualization Infrastructure
• Chapter 3: Analysis and Assessment of Existing Environments
• Chapter 4: Deployment Workflow and Component Installation
• Chapter 5: Configuring and Managing vSphere 6.7
• Chapter 6: Life Cycle Management, Patching, and Upgrading
• Chapter 7: Managing Networking Resources
• Chapter 8: Managing Storage Resources
• Chapter 9: VM Deployment and Management
• Chapter 10: VM Resource Management
• Chapter 11: Availability and Disaster Recovery
• Chapter 12: Securing and Protecting Your Environment
• Chapter 13: Analyzing and Optimizing Your Environment
• Chapter 14: Troubleshooting Your Environment
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