Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Half-Title Page
• Dedication
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Contents
• Preamble: A Family Story
• Prologue
• 1911
• A shot at dawn
• 1914
• Insurrection: Red Week
• Revolt!
• Escape
• 1915–18
• The Great War
• Rice and bread: Milan and Turin in revolt, 1917
• Repression and trials
• Caporetto and Vittorio Veneto: from defeat to victory, 1917–18
• General Graziani
• Divided Italians
• Defeatists
• Interventionists
• 1919
• Fascism is born
• The first squadrista
• Red Year
• The 1919 Elections
• Red barons
• 1919ism: maximalists
• Malatesta is back!
• A Second Red Year: 1920
• Black Years: 1920–21
• A fascist squad
• ras: GIUSEPPE CARADONNA AND ITALO BALBO
• The deserter
• ‘Condemned to Death’: Fiume, escape and near-death, August 1920
• Political violence: the case of Francesco Misiano, July 192033
• Ercole Bucco’s last night in power Bologna, November 1920
• Ennio Gnudi, ‘Mayor for an Hour’ Palazzo d’Accursio, 21 November 1920
• Shootings, murders, bombs
• Victims and memory: the piazza and the council chamber
• Cancelling democracy: Who was in charge?
• Public enemies
• Manhunt
• 1921
• The split Livorno, January 1921
• Francesco Misiano Naples, March 1921
• Massacre: Empoli, March 1921
• Propaganda of the deed: anarchists, revolutionaries and bombs
• Malatesta in prison
• The Diana massacre: March 1921
• Funerals and aftermath
• Renzino, Tuscany, April 1921
• Votes and blood: May 1921
• The May 1921 Elections
• The expulsion from parliament 13 June 1921
• Murder: Giuseppe Di Vagno, 1921
• Anti-fascist Jews, anti-Semitic violence and the rise of fascism
• Jewish socialists, fascists and policeman: Modena, 1921
• On trial for desertion: Misiano, Palermo, November 1921
• The Malatesta and Diana trials Milan, 1921–22
• Year Zero: 1922
• The march on Ravenna, July 1922
• Bonfire: the destruction of the cooperative building in Ravenna
• Palazzo Marino, Milan, 3 August 1922
• Bari Vecchia AND ANCONA, August 1922
• The March on Rome: October–November 1922
• San Carlo Theatre and Piazza San Carlo Naples, 24 October 1922
• The March Begins Cremona, 27 October 1922
• Fascist headquarters: the Hotel Brufani
• An unsigning: the king and politicians in Rome
• Night train
• Marching to Rome
• Black days
• Revenge
• Giuseppe Bottai and the battle of San Lorenzo
• Mussolini in power
• Freeing and employing the blackshirts: amnesty, immunity and a new militia
• The massacre of Turin December 1922
• Massacre
• Responsibility, justice, forgetting
• 1923
• The PALAZZO d’Accursio trial, 1923
• Fascist democracy
• 1924
• The last elections, April 1924
• 30 May 1924
• 10 June 1924
• Show trial: the ‘Massacre of Empoli’ Florence, 1924
• 103 hearings
• ‘La Cinquantaccia’: the construction of a monster
• Exemplary sentences: October 1924
• Revenge and a socialist martyr
• Trying to Kill Mussolini: 1925–26
• ‘Why was the fatal and liberating shot not fired?’ – Tito Zaniboni
• Fake justice: the Matteotti trial Chieti, March 1926
• Violet Gibson: a Matter of Centimetres 7 April 1926
• Gino Lucetti: the Anarchist and the Bomb
• The Zamboni incident Bologna, October 1926
• Regime: 1926–27
• Final resistance: Molinella and Massarenti
• The ‘suicide’ of Gastone Sozzi
• 1928
• The bomb and the king
• Romolo Tranquilli
• The spy and the suicide
• Secrets and lies
• The lawyer
• The Zamboni case
• 1929
• The Lateran Pacts February 1929
• Stadio del Littoriale, 27 October 1929
• History of the Fascist Revolution
• The 1930s
• 1932: FACISM CELEBRATES ITSELF – A DECADE IN POWER
• THE DEFEATED: Odysseys and journeys – anti-fascist fugitives and others under the regime
• 1933
• Superman: the rise and fall of Primo Carnera
• 1934
• ras in control
• Il Duce on tour
• Borderlands and EMPIRE: genocide and invasion
• Massacre in Africa
• Soldiers of sport
• Battle of Highbury: footballing war
• Divided loyalties
• Fascism and the media
• War on Italy’s Jews: 1938
• Italians and Jews
• manifesto della razza, 1938
• Trieste, 18 September 1938
• Drafting the racial laws
• The king signs
• Defining and counting Jews
• The tower: Angelo Fortunato Formiggini
• Exceptions, ‘discrimination’ and ‘Aryanisation’
• Ferrara: the fascist podestà and the novelist
• Shock, resignation, exile: 1938–40
• Jewish fascist martyr
• Fatal Alliance and the Pact of Steel
• Fascist non-belligerence and war: 1939–40
• Total War
• 1943
• The beginning of the end: spring 1943
• Endgame Grand Council, 24–25 July 1943
• 25–26 July 1943
• One island, three men
• Long memories
• Augusto Masetti Imola, 1943
• Forty Five Days
• Repression: Reggio Emilia
• 8 September 1943
• Il Duce returns
• Choices
• Italy’s Holocaust: Deportation and Slaughter, 1943–45
• Hotel Meina: the first massacre
• Rome, 16 October 1943
• THE LUSENA FAMILY: PRIVATE TRAGEDIES AND SECRETS
• Italy’s Shoah
• ‘Good Italians’ and saving Jews
• Jewish partisan
• judenfrei
• attendisti: waiting for the end of the war
• Survival, freedom, return
• Liberation: 1944
• Settling of accounts
• Mussolini Between Life and Death: a Story in Fragments
• Memory and revenge
• 8 August 1944
• Scoop of the century
• Imagining revenge
• A mob?
• Rhetoric
• Politics: anti-fascists, afascists, fascists, neo-fascists
• Witnesses
• A photographer
• Achille Starace and the fatal jog: 29 April 1945
• The communist
• Post-fascist Italy: Ghosts and Memories
• The ‘Mayor for an Hour’ returns to Bologna
• Giacomo Matteotti: Martyrdom and Retrial
• Justice denied: Giuseppe Di Vagno
• Endless process: Piero Brandimarte, justice and the Turin massacre, 1945–53
• The Brandimarte trial
• Where is Massarenti?
• AFTERLIVES: IMPRISONMENT, Deportation, ‘death’ and rebirth
• Piazzale Loreto and democratic Italy
• Melting Il Duce
• Ex-SQUADRISTI and ex-hierarchs after 1945
• Jewish cemetery, Ferrara
• Ferrara and Renzo Ravenna, 1946
• Il Duce’s body today
• Fascism, anti-Semitism, silence and lies
• 1964: Red Week, fifty years on
• Epilogue
• Notes
• Acknowledgements
• Select Bibliography
• Index
• A Note on the Author
• Plates
• Copyright Page