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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Foreword
• List of Contributors
• Abbreviations
• Section 1. General Issues
• 1. Inflammation, Wound Healing and Surgical Immunology
• Wounds
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin
• Wound Healing
• Factors Involved in Wound Healing1,7
• Acute Wounds
• Chronic Wounds
• Acute Wound Management
• Wound Closure
• Dressings1,6
• Summary
• 2. Pharmacology in Surgical Practice
• Safe Prescribing
• A Basic Introduction to Pharmacology
• Commonly Used Drugs in Surgical Practice
• Common Analgesics
• Drugs Used in General Anaesthesia
• Local Anaesthesia
• Epidural and Spinal Anaesthesia
• Antibiotics
• Anticoagulants
• Pharmacological Principles for Treatment of Malignancy
• Summary
• 3. Disorders of Growth, Differentiation and Morphogenesis
• Introduction
• Growth
• Control of Growth
• Disorders of Growth
• Differentiation
• Morphogenesis
• Disorders of Growth, Differentiation and Morphogenesis During Embryogenesis
• 4. Cancer: Principles of Surgical Oncology
• Introduction
• The Presentation of Cancer
• Carcinogenesis and Growth
• Influence of Biology on Clinical Course
• Invasion and Metastasis
• Cancer Staging
• Cancer Biomarkers
• Decision Support Tools
• Centralization of Cancer Services in Surgery and Cancer Strategy
• Principles of Curative Oncological Surgery
• Definitive or Palliative Systemic Therapy
• Survivorship
• Summary
• 5. Surgical Infection
• Infection in General
• Diagnosis and Management of Infection
• Important Infections in Surgical Patients
• 6. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
• Introduction
• Key Modifiable Risk Factors for Long-Term Conditions
• Obesity
• Physical Activity
• Alcohol
• Diet and Nutrition
• Illicit Drugs
• Mental Health
• Standards for Health Promotion in Hospitals
• Summary
• 7. The Principles of Assessment and Management of the Surgical Patient
• Physiological Basis of Surgical Care
• Normal Gastrointestinal Physiology
• Features of Preoperative Assessment
• The Postoperative Period
• Postoperative Complications
• Summary
• 8. Perioperative Management and Postoperative Complications
• Preoperative Assessment
• Preoperative Assessment
• Medications Review and Recommendations
• Investigations
• The High-Risk Patient
• The Elderly Patient
• Assessing Risk
• Shared Decision Making and the Multidisciplinary Team
• Intraoperative Management
• Anticipated Critical Events
• Surgical Site Infection Bundle
• Postoperative Management
• Routine Postoperative Care
• Postoperative Complications and the Unwell Surgical Patient
• Considerations for Discharge
• 9. Principles of Paediatric Surgery
• General Principles
• Surgical Pathology in Children
• Conditions Presenting with Respiratory Distress
• The Newborn with Intestinal Obstruction
• Congenital Abdominal Wall Defects
• Disorders of the Umbilicus
• The Inguinal Region
• Common Abdominal Masses in Children
• Tumours and the Paediatric Surgeon
• Disorders of Genitalia
• Principles of Paediatric Trauma
• 10. The Older Surgical Patient
• Introduction
• Determining Surgical Risk
• Communicating Surgical Risk
• Improving Surgical Outcomes
• Anaesthesia in the Older Person
• Analgesia in the Older Person
• Trauma in the Older Person
• Perioperative Service Delivery for Complex Patients
• Summary and Conclusions
• 11. The Dying Surgical Patient
• How Do I Review a Dying Patient?
• Considerations and Questions That Arise at the End of Life
• The Family Says ‘How Long Has my Relative Got’ (and Variations of That Question)?
• What PRNs Do I Prescribe for a Dying Patient?
• When Do I Start a Syringe Driver?
• Should I Continue I.V. Fluids?
• When Should I Contact the Coroner’s Office (England and Wales)?
• 12. Organ Transplantation
• Organ Transplantation
• Essential Definitions
• Organ Donation
• Donation After Brain Death (DBD)
• Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD)
• Allocation of Organs
• Living Donor
• Basic Immunology of Organ Transplantation
• Organ Matching and Retrieval
• Immunosuppression in Transplantation
• General Complications of Transplantation
• Pattern of Infection After Transplantation
• Transplantation of Individual Organs
• Transplantation in Children
• The Future
• 13. Emergency General Surgery
• Introduction
• Epidemiology of Emergency General Surgery
• The Modern Emergency Surgical Team
• NCEPOD
• The Medical Emergency
• Preoperative Work-Up of Emergency Surgery Patients
• Anaesthetic Assessment and Perioperative Care
• Preoperative Risk Assessment
• Coagulation and DVT Prophylaxis
• Human Factors in Emergency Surgery
• Pathology Presenting to the Emergency Surgeon
• Laparoscopy in Emergency Surgery
• The Patient with Peritonitis
• Acute Appendicitis
• Acute Upper GI Bleeding
• Peptic ulcer
• Bleeding Oesophageal Varices
• Gastric Erosion (Stress Ulceration)
• Incomplete Lower Oesophageal Tear (Mallory–Weiss Syndrome)
• Dieulafoy’s Lesion
• Rarer Causes of Haematemesis
• The Obstructed Patient
• Operative Strategies
• GI Bleeding
• Abscesses
• 14. Practical Procedures
• Introduction
• Preliminaries
• VENOUS ACCESS
• Venepuncture
• Venous Cut-Down
• Central Venous Catheterization
• Arterial Blood Sampling
• INSERTION OF A NASOGASTRIC TUBE
• URINARY CATHETERIZATION
• Male Catheterization (Fig. 14.13)
• Female Catheterization
• Suprapubic Bladder Drainage
• CHEST PROCEDURES
• Relief of Tension Pneumothorax
• Insertion of a Chest Drain
• Pericardial Paracentesis
• PERITONEAL LAVAGE
• AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
• Surgical Airway
• THE BASICS OF ELECTROSURGERY
• Surgical Effects
• Monopolar Electrosurgery Safety
• Vessel Sealing
• Plasma Electrosurgery
• Training and Credentialing
• 15. An Introduction to Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging
• Introduction
• Radiography
• Radio-Opaque Contrast
• Nuclear Medicine
• Sonography
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Radiology
• 16. Interventional Radiology
• Introduction
• The Interventional Radiology Department
• General Principles of IR
• Subspecialist IR Procedures
• 17. Surgical Technology and Innovation
• Introduction
• Medical Devices in Surgery
• Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery
• Technological Advances in Surgical Education
• Summary and Future Considerations
• Section 2. Regional Surgery
• 18. Common Surgical Conditions of Head and Neck
• The Ear
• The Nose
• The Larynx
• The Pharynx
• The Neck
• The Salivary Glands
• Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
• Genetically Inherited Conditions in Otolaryngology
• 19. Common Surgical Conditions of Pulmonary Disease
• Anatomy of the Thorax
• Lung Cancer
• Other Lung Tumours
• Principles of Chest Drainage
• Pneumothorax
• Chest Trauma and Haemoptysis
• The Pleura
• The Mediastinum
• Surgery for Emphysema – Lung-Volume–Reduction Surgery (LVRS)
• Transplantation
• 20. Common Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Conditions and their Management
• Oesophagus
• Disorders of Oesophageal Motility
• Cancer of the Oesophagus
• Stomach
• Disorders of the Stomach and their Management
• Gastric Cancer
• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GISTs)
• Spleen
• Disorders of the Spleen and their Management
• Traumatic Splenic Injury
• Splenectomy
• 21. Common Colorectal Surgical Conditions
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Benign Colorectal Disease
• Rectal Prolapse (see Ch. 22)
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Complications
• Crohn’s Disease of the Colon
• Ischaemic Colitis
• Infective Diseases
• Radiation Colitis and Proctitis
• Neoplasia
• Malignant Neoplasms
• 22. Common Anal Conditions
• Anatomy
• Haemorrhoids
• Anorectal Abscess
• Fistula in Ano
• Anal Fissure
• Rectal Prolapse
• Anal Warts (Condyloma Acuminata)
• Pruritus Ani
• Faecal Incontinence
• 23. Surgical Pathology of the Liver, Pancreas and Biliary Tract
• The Liver
• Jaundice
• Benign Conditions of the Liver
• Liver Trauma
• Liver Infections
• Liver Tumours
• Malignant Tumours
• Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
• Metastatic Cancer to the Liver
• Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)
• Stones in the Gallbladder
• Common Bile Duct Stones (Choledocholithiasis)
• Stones in the Small Intestine
• Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
• Gallbladder Tumours
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Pancreas
• Pancreatitis
• 24. Small-Bowel Disease and Intestinal Obstruction
• Introduction
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Intestinal Obstruction
• Causes of Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
• Tuberculosis
• Radiotherapy Effects
• Diverticula of the Small Bowel
• Small-Bowel Tumours
• 25. Common Endocrine Surgical Conditions
• Introduction
• Thyroid
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Diseases Influencing the Thyroid
• Evaluation of Thyroid Disease
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Thyroid Cancer
• Parathyroid Transplantation
• Thyroiditis
• Parathyroid
• Histology
• Physiology
• Parathyroid Hormone
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Adrenal Glands
• Physiology
• Adrenal Cortex
• Hyperaldosteronism
• Phaeochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
• Neuroblastoma
• Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (GEP-NET)
• Pancreatic Endocrine Tumours
• Intestinal NET
• Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
• Anterior Pituitary Tumours
• 26. Common Breast Surgical Conditions
• Clinical Anatomy
• Referral
• The One-Stop-Clinic
• Benign Breast Disease (B1 and B2)
• B3 Lesions
• Ductal Carcinoma-In-Situ
• Malignant Breast Disease
• 27. Common Vascular Conditions
• Vascular Surgery
• Pathological Features of Arterial Disease
• Techniques
• Chronic Lower-Limb Ischaemia
• Critical Limb Ischaemia or Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischaemia
• Arterial Disorders of the Upper Limb
• Acute Ischaemia of A Limb
• Vasospastic Disorders (Raynaud’s Phenomenon)
• Cerebrovascular Disease
• Visceral Ischaemia
• Renal Artery Disease
• Vascular Trauma
• Arteriovenous Malformation
• Venous and Lymphatic Disorders
• Lymphatic Disorders
• Future Directions
• 28. Common Urological Conditions
• Introduction
• Kidneys and Ureters
• Disorders of the Kidney
• Disorders of the Ureter
• The Lower Urinary Tract
• Disorders and Disease of the Bladder
• The Prostate
• The Male Urethra
• Penis
• Testis, Epididymis and Cord
• Scrotal Swellings
• Andrology
• 29. Common Neurosurgical Conditions
• Basic Clinical Principles
• Cranial and Spinal Trauma
• Tumours of the Brain and Meninges
• Cerebral Haemorrhage and Stroke
• Congenital Anomalies and Paediatric Neurosurgery
• Hydrocephalus
• Spinal Degenerative Disease
• Spinal Tumours
• Peripheral Nerve Lesions
• Infections
• Functional Neurosurgery
• 30. Hernia
• General Considerations
• Specific Hernias
• Femoral Hernia
• Umbilical Hernia
• Epigastric Hernia
• Incisional Hernia
• Rare but Clinically Important Hernias
• 31. Principles of Plastic Surgery
• Plastic Surgery Techniques
• Wound Healing
• Skin Grafts
• Other Types of Graft Materials
• Prostheses
• Flaps
• Free Tissue Transfer
• Tissue Expansion
• Common Reconstructive Referrals
• 32. Skin Disorders
• Introduction
• Disorders of the Skin
• Infections
• Viral Infections
• Bacterial Infections
• Fungal Infections
• Tumours
• Benign Tumours of the Epidermis
• Other Benign Skin Tumours
• Premalignant Conditions of the Epidermis
• Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
• Malignant Melanoma (syn. Melanoma)
• Malignant Tumours of the Dermis
• Other Malignancies of the Skin
• 33. Sarcoma
• Introduction
• Classification
• Clinical History
• Pathogenesis
• Examination
• Age
• Distribution
• Mode of Metastatic Spread
• Radiology
• Biopsy
• Pathology
• Grading
• Staging
• Treatment
• Treatment of Systemic Disease
• GIST
• Prognosis
• 34. Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery
• Introduction
• Epidemiology
• Therapeutic Options of Obesity
• Indications for Surgery
• Selection for Surgery
• Surgical Procedures
• Effects of Surgery
• Risk Stratification
• Postoperative Complications
• Weight Regain
• Procedure-Specific Complications
• Social and Lifestyle Considerations
• Revision Surgery
• Summary
• 35. Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery
• Special Features of Orthopaedic History and Examination
• Arthritis
• Infections
• Bone Tumours
• Shoulder
• Acromioclavicular Disorders
• Subacromial Disorders
• Glenohumeral Disorders
• Elbow
• Hand and Wrist
• Hip
• Knee
• Ankle and Foot
• Foot
• Paediatric orthopaedics
• Talipes
• Minor Leg Deformities
• 36. Trauma Surgery/Principles of Trauma Care
• Introduction
• Emergency Department Surgery
• Damage Control
• Vascular Trauma
• Specific Injuries
• Head and Neck Surgery
• Airway Control and Breathing Support in Maxillofacial Trauma
• Head and Neck Trauma Surgery
• Vision Threatening Injuries
• Management of Facial Fractures
• Head Trauma
• Extremity and Soft Tissue Trauma
• Principles of Trauma Care to The Solid Organs of the Thorax and Abdomen
• Hollow Organ Injuries
• Urogenital Trauma
• Advanced Trauma/Military Surgery
• Management of Gunshot Wounds
• Blast Injuries
• Section 3. Surgical Specialties
• 37. Leadership and the Surgical Team and Management
• Strong Surgical Leadership for Future
• The Definition of Leadership
• Leadership and Management
• The Evolution of Leadership Theory
• Effective Leadership in Surgery
• Leadership and Safety
• Training in Leadership
• Mentoring and Coaching
• Conclusion
• 38. Evidence Based Medicine
• History and Development
• Evidence Based Medicine: Principles of Evidence
• Searching for Evidence
• Tools for Evidence Synthesis
• Comparative Effectiveness
• Implementing Evidence Based Medicine
• Evidence Based Medicine and Quality of Care
• Technology, Innovation and Diffusion of Ideas
• 39. Surgical Ethics
• Introduction
• Evolution of Surgery and Ethics
• DNACPR
• Summary
• 40. Global Surgery
• Introduction
• Surgical Conditions
• Plastic Surgery
• Paediatric Surgery
• Ophthalmology
• Dental
• Index