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• Cover
• Half-Title Page
• Title Page
• Dedication / Copyright
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• About the Authors
• Preface
• Part I: Foundations of Evolutionary Biology
• Chapter 1: An Overview of Evolutionary Biology
• 1.1 A Brief Introduction to Evolution, Natural Selection, and Phylogenetics
• 1.2 Approaches to the Study of Evolution
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 2: Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwin’s Insight
• 2.1 The Nature of Science: Natural versus Supernatural Explanations
• 2.2 Time and a Changing World
• 2.3 The Origins and Diversity of Life
• 2.4 Organisms Are Well Suited to Their Environments
• 2.5 Darwin’s Theory
• 2.6 Darwin on Natural Selection
• 2.7 Darwin on Common Ancestry
• 2.8 Problems with Darwin’s Theory
• 2.9 The Reaction to Darwin and Early History of the Modern Synthesis
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 3: Natural Selection
• 3.1 The Components of Natural Selection
• 3.2 Adaptations
• 3.3 Natural Selection in the Field
• 3.4 Natural Selection in the Laboratory
• 3.5 Origin of Complex Traits
• 3.6 Constraints on What Natural Selection Can Achieve
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 4: Phylogeny and Evolutionary History
• 4.1 Phylogenies Reflect Evolutionary History
• 4.2 Reading Phylogenetic Trees
• 4.3 Traits on Trees
• 4.4 Using Phylogenies to Generate and Test Evolutionary Hypotheses
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 5: Inferring Phylogeny
• 5.1 Building Trees
• 5.2 Parsimony
• 5.3 Distance Methods
• 5.4 Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Methods
• 5.5 Rooting Trees
• 5.6 How Many Different Trees Are There?
• 5.7 Phylogenies and Statistical Confidence
• 5.8 Fossil Evidence of Evolutionary History
• 5.9 Phylogeny, Natural Selection, and the Comparative Method
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Part II: Evolutionary Genetics
• Chapter 6: Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation
• 6.1 Mendel’s Laws
• 6.2 Transmission Genetics
• 6.3 Variation and Mutation
• 6.4 Mutation Rates and Fitness Consequences
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 7: The Genetics of Populations
• 7.1 Individual-Level versus Population-Level Thinking
• 7.2 The Hardy–Weinberg Model: A Null Model for Population Genetics
• 7.3 Natural Selection
• 7.4 Mutation
• 7.5 Nonrandom Mating
• 7.6 Migration
• 7.7 Consequences on Variation within and between Populations
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 8: Evolution in Finite Populations
• 8.1 Random Change and Genetic Drift
• 8.2 Demography, Biogeography, and Drift
• 8.3 The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution
• 8.4 The Interplay of Drift, Mutation, and Natural Selection
• 8.5 Coalescent Theory and the Genealogy of Genes
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 9: Evolution at Multiple Loci
• 9.1 Polygenic Traits and the Nature of Heredity
• 9.2 Population Genetics of Multiple Loci
• 9.3 Adaptive Landscapes
• 9.4 Quantitative Genetics
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 10: Genome Evolution
• 10.1 Whole-Genome Sequencing
• 10.2 Resolving the Paradoxes of Genome Size
• 10.3 Content and Structure of Viral Genomes
• 10.4 Content and Structure of Bacterial and Archaeal Genomes
• 10.5 Content and Structure of Eukaryotic Nuclear Genomes
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Part III: The History of Life
• Chapter 11: The Origin and Evolution of Early Life
• 11.1 What Is Life?
• 11.2 The Origin and Evolution of the Building Blocks of Life
• 11.3 The Evolution of Protocells and Cells
• 11.4 The RNA World
• 11.5 Genetic Information and Genetic Exchange
• 11.6 Metabolic Networks, Minimal Gene Sets, and Cell Evolution
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 12: Major Transitions
• 12.1 Overview of Major Transitions
• 12.2 Major Transition: The Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell
• 12.3 Major Transition: The Evolution of Multicellularity
• 12.4 Major Transition: The Evolution of Individuality
• 12.5 Major Transition: Solitary to Group Living
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 13: Evolution and Development
• 13.1 Evo–Devo: A Brief History
• 13.2 Regulation, Expression, and Switches
• 13.3 Evo–Devo and Gene Duplication
• 13.4 Evo–Devo and Neural Crest Cells
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 14: Species and Speciation
• 14.1 The Species Problem
• 14.2 Modes of Speciation
• 14.3 Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms and the Genetics of Speciation
• 14.4 Adaptive Radiations
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 15: Extinction and Evolutionary Trends
• 15.1 The Concept of Extinction
• 15.2 Background Extinction
• 15.3 Mass Extinction
• 15.4 Factors Correlated with Extinction
• 15.5 Rates of Evolutionary Change and Evolutionary Trends
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Part IV: Evolutionary Interactions
• Chapter 16: Sex and Sexual Selection
• 16.1 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
• 16.2 The Costs of Sexual Reproduction
• 16.3 The Benefits of Sexual Reproduction
• 16.4 Sexual Reproduction Leads to Sexual Selection
• 16.5 Intersexual Selection
• 16.6 Intrasexual Selection and Sexual Conflict
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 17: The Evolution of Sociality
• 17.1 Cooperation
• 17.2 Conflict
• 17.3 Information and Communication
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 18: Coevolution
• 18.1 Types of Coevolution
• 18.2 Coevolution and Mutualism
• 18.3 Antagonistic Coevolution
• 18.4 Mosaic Coevolution
• 18.5 Gene–Culture Coevolution
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 19: Human Evolution
• 19.1 Evolutionary Relationships among the Great Apes
• 19.2 The Hominin Clade
• 19.3 The Emergence of Anatomically Modern Humans
• 19.4 Interbreeding among Modern Humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans
• 19.5 Migration of Modern Humans
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Chapter 20: Evolution and Medicine
• 20.1 Fever
• 20.2 Vulnerability to Disease
• 20.3 Coevolutionary Arms Races between Pathogens and Hosts
• 20.4 The Evolution of Virulence
• 20.5 Phylogenetic Constraint and Vulnerability to Choking
• 20.6 Senescence
• Summary
• Answers to Key Concept Questions
• Glossary
• References
• Credits
• Index