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• Cover
• Notes on Contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Companion Website
• 1 Global Communication: Background
• Introduction
• International News
• Latin American Media
• Left‐Wing Connection: Latin America
• Chile–US Government Media Interaction
• History of the War Correspondent
• New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO)
• Electronic Colonialism Theory
• History of Electronic Colonialism Theory
• What is Electronic Colonialism Theory?
• World System Theory
• The Connection between Electronic Colonialism and World System Theories
• Communication Forces among Nations
• The Impact of Social Media
• Format for the Balance of the Book
• 2 Development Research Traditions and Global Communication
• Introduction
• Development Journalism/Communication
• The Economic Growth Model
• The Inadequacy of the Economic Growth Model
• The Research Traditions
• New Departures
• Postscript
• 3 The Message: Role of International Organizations
• Introduction
• UNESCO: Backdrop for the NWICO Debates
• Identifying the Issues and Taking Sides
• The Nonaligned Movement
• Latin America Meetings
• 19th UNESCO General Assembly, Nairobi, 1976
• New International Economic Order (NIEO)
• The Debate Begins in Earnest
• UNESCO in the 1980s
• UNESCO without the United States
• New Era, Leaders, and Strategy
• UNESCO in the 1990s
• The United States’ Reaction
• A New Focus
• Mayor’s Successor: An Asian Leader
• Conclusions
• 4 The Medium: Global Technologies and Organizations
• International Telecommunication Union
• Internet Governance Organizations
• International Copyright Agreements
• Television Standards Organizations
• Satellite Launch Organizations
• Conclusions
• 5 Web‐Based and Digital Media
• Global Internet Access
• The Advent of Digital and Web‐Based Media
• Internet Cafes and Multiplayer Gaming
• Web Streaming
• Digital Media Piracy and Security
• An Internet and Digital Media Timeline
• Conclusions
• 6 US Multimedia Conglomerates
• Top US Media Corporations
• Additional Significant US Corporations
• Conclusions
• 7 Media Stakeholders Outside the United States
• Cultural Imperialism
• The United States of Europe
• Major Europe‐Based Stakeholders
• Significant Non‐European Stakeholders
• Other Global Media Issues
• 8 European Media
• Historical Context
• The Present Climate
• Recent Issues in European Media
• European Media Entities
• Conclusion
• 9 The Global Music Industry
• Music Streaming Services
• Traditional Radio
• Music Labels
• Music and Culture
• Major Music Organizations
• Conclusions
• 10 CNN: International Role, Impact, and Global Competitors
• Introduction
• First Live Broadcast
• Tiananmen Square
• The First Gulf War
• World Report
• Merger Matters
• The CNN Effect
• How CNN Was Out‐Foxed but Not Out‐Classed
• The Second Gulf War: Embedded Journalists
• The BBC
• Deutsche Welle
• Euronews
• Channel NewsAsia
• US Agency for Global Media (USAGM)
• Conclusions
• 11 The Role of Global News Agencies and Sources
• Traditional News Agencies
• Additional Global News Sources
• Conclusion
• 12 Arab Media and the Al Jazeera Effect
• Introduction
• History of Arab Media
• Al Jazeera
• Media Wars
• Media and Change in the Arab World
• Local Journalism
• Change Agents
• Bloggers, Citizen Journalism, and New Media Activism
• Emerging Models
• Counter‐Revolution
• 13 Toward Globalization: The Approaches and Accomplishments of the Four Media Giants in Asia
• China: A Newly Emerged Major Player in the Global Media Arena
• Japan: A Worldwide Conqueror through Animation
• India: Bollywood as Hollywood in the East
• Korea: The Continuing Global Sweeping of “K‐Pop”
• References
• 14 The Role of Global Advertising
• The BAT Companies: Alibaba, Baidu, and Tencent
• The FANG Companies: Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix, and Google
• Advertising Agencies
• Conclusions
• 15 Summary and Conclusions
• Introduction
• Global Economy
• New World Information and Communications Order
• Electronic Colonialism Theory
• World System Theory
• Electronic Colonialism Theory Plus World System Theory
• McPhail’s Paradox: The United States, Modernity, and Future Actions
• Conclusions
• What is the Relationship of All This to ECT?
• Some Emerging Issues
• Other Trends
• Select Bibliography
• Index
• End User License Agreement