Efnisyfirlit

• Table of Cases
• Acknowledgments
• Electronic Research Resources for International Law
• International Law
• Introduction
• What Is It?
• Traditional Definition
• Chapter I · Sources of International Law
• Who Makes Up International Law? The Doctrine of Sources
• Custom
• Treaties
• Resolutions and Declarations of International Organizations
• General Principles of Law
• Judicial Decisions
• Writers and Scholars
• Rulings Ex Aequo et Bono
• Concluding Remarks
• Suggested Further Readings
• Chapter II · Title to Territory
• Terra Nullius
• Discovery
• Occupation
• Conquest
• The Crimea Dispute
• Cession
• Prescription
• The Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas Dispute
• Uti Possidetis
• Accretion and Avulsion
• The Arctic
• The Antarctic
• Celestial Bodies and Space
• Suggested Further Readings
• Chapter III · The Law of Treaties
• What Is a Treaty? Definition
• Capacity to Conclude a Treaty
• Expression of Consent to Be Bound
• Ratification
• Internal Procedures
• Reservations
• Entry into Force
• Observance and Application of Treaties
• Interpretation of Treaties
• Invalidity
• Error
• Fraud and Corruption
• Coercion
• Conflict with a Peremptory Norm (Jus Cogens)
• Termination and Suspension
• Material Breach
• Supervening Impossibility of Performance
• Fundamental Change of Circumstances
• Procedure for Termination
• State Succession in Respect of Treaties
• The Effect of War on Treaties
• The Effect of War on Human Rights Treaties
• Suggested Further Readings
• Chapter IV · Jurisdiction
• The Territorial Principle
• The Nationality Principle
• The Passive Personality Principle
• The Protective Principle
• The Universality Principle
• Extradition
• Immunity from Jurisdiction
• Diplomatic Immunity
• Consular Immunity
• Immunities of Current and Former Heads of State and Other Government Officials
• Immunity of State Officials in Civil, as Opposed to Criminal, Cases
• Immunity in International Criminal Tribunals
• Immunity for International Organizations
• Sovereign/State Immunity
• Absolute Theory
• The Restrictive Theory
• The Act of State Doctrine
• Sovereign Immunity Required in National Courts in Certain Cases
• Suggested Further Readings
• Chapter V · The Law of the Sea
• Introduction
• Internal Waters
• Bays
• Historic Bays
• The Territorial Sea
• Measuring the Territorial Sea
• Powers of the Coastal State in the Territorial Sea and Foreign Ships’ Right of Innocent Passage
• Archipelagos
• International Straits
• Definition of an International Strait
• Treaty Law
• Access to the Sea for Landlocked States
• The Contiguous Zone
• The Exclusive Economic Zone
• Rights Exercised in the Exclusive Economic Zone
• The Continental Shelf
• Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between States with Opposite or Adjacent Coasts
• The High Seas
• The Deep Sea Bed
• The Deep Sea Bed Regime under the 1982 Convention
• The Deep Sea Bed Regime under the 1994 Agreement
• Settlement of Maritime Disputes
• Marine Pollution
• Fishing
• Jurisdiction over Vessels
• Nationality of Vessels
• Prohibited Activities on the High Seas
• Jurisdiction over Foreign Vessels
• Internal Waters and Ports
• The Territorial Sea
• The Right of Hot Pursuit
• Fishing on the High Seas
• Suggested Further Readings
• Chapter VI · International Environmental Law
• State Responsibility for Environmental Harm
• Establishing the Standard for State Responsibility
• Customary Law
• Declarations and Treaty Law
• Environmental Guiding Principles
• Conclusion
• Suggested Further Readings
• Chapter VII · International Legal Personality: States, International Organizations, Non-State Groups, Individuals, and Multi-National Corporations
• The Definition of a State
• A Defined Territory
• A Permanent Population
• A Government
• Capacity to Enter into Relations with Other States
• Secession and Self-Determination
• Recognition of States and Governments
• A State’s Capacity to Bring International Claims on Behalf of Individuals
• International Organizations
• Inter-Governmental Organizations
• Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations
• Non-Governmental International Organizations
• Non-State Groups
• Protected Groups
• Non-State Armed Groups
• International Status of Individuals
• Multi-National Corporations
• Suggested Further Readings
• Chapter VIII · Human Rights
• Introduction
• Human Rights in the United Nations System
• The United Nations Charter
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
• The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
• The United Nations Human Rights Council
• The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
• United Nations Conventions on Specific Human Rights Topics
• Regional Human Rights Systems
• The European Human Rights System
• The Inter-American System
• The Inter-American Commission
• The Inter-American Court of Human Rights
• Advisory Opinions of the Inter-American Court
• The African System
• League of Arab States
• The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
• The Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
• The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Eurasian Economic Community
• Enforcement of Human Rights in National (Domestic) Courts
• Self-Execution of Treaties
• Refugee Law
• Suggested Further Readings
• Chapter IX · The Peaceful Settlement of Disputes: Arbitration and International Courts
• The Obligation to Settle Disputes
• Arbitration
• International Courts
• The Permanent Court of International Justice
• The International Court of Justice
• Other Major International Courts
• Conclusion
• Suggested Further Readings
• Chapter X · The Use of Force Including War
• Introduction
• The Modern Era
• Coercive Measures Not Amounting to Armed Force
• Pre-1945 Law on the Use of Armed Force
• Post-1945 Law
• The Meaning of “Force”
• What Is a Threat of Force?
• Must Force be Used for a Particular Purpose to Violate Article 2(4)?
• Exceptions to Article 2(4)
• Civil Wars and the Rule of Non-Intervention
• Intervention in Particular Circumstances
• The Security Council’s Power to Intervene
• Article 41 Measures
• Article 42 Measures
• United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
• Jus In Bello
• Regulation of the Conduct of Hostilities and Humanitarian Law
• IHL in the Jurisprudence of International Criminal Courts
• Weapons Control
• Nuclear Weapons
• International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Nuclear Weapons
• Suggested Further Readings
• Treaty Index
• General Assembly Resolutions Index
• Security Council Resolutions Index
• General Index