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• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Epigraph
• Brief Contents
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Contributors
• Reviewers
• Features of This Text
• CHAPTER 1 Introduction
• Neurogenic Communication Disorders
• The Treatment Environment
• Cognition, Language, and Speech
• Cognition
• Language
• Speech
• Interactions
• Changes in Speech, Cognition, and Language with Healthy Aging
• Changes in Speech with Healthy Aging
• Changes in Cognition with Healthy Aging
• Changes in Language with Healthy Aging
• Evidence-Based Practice
• Main Points
• Review Questions
• References
• CHAPTER 2 Basic Brain Anatomy
• Cells of the Nervous System
• Neurons
• Neuroglia
• The Central Nervous System
• The Brain
• The Spinal Cord
• Blood Supply to the Brain
• The Peripheral Nervous System
• The Spinal Nerves
• The Cranial Nerves
• Main Points
• Review Questions
• References
• CHAPTER 3 Acute Etiologies of Neurogenic Communication Disorders
• Stroke: Cerebrovascular Accident
• Ischemic Stroke
• Hemorrhagic Stroke
• Aneurysm
• Traumatic Brain Injury
• Opioid-Related Brain Injury (Toxic Brain Injury, Anoxic/Hypoxic Brain Injury)
• Brain Tumors
• Surgical Trauma
• Infection
• Encephalitis
• HIV/AIDS
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
• Syphilis
• Poliomyelitis
• Seizures
• Partial Seizures
• Generalized Seizures
• Main Points
• Review Questions
• References
• CHAPTER 4 The Aphasias
• Signs and Symptoms of Aphasia
• Anomia
• Verbal Comprehension Deficits
• Paraphasias
• Perseveration
• Agrammatism
• Repetition Deficits
• Alexia and Agraphia
• Related Behaviors
• Self-Repairs
• Speech Disfluencies
• Struggle in Nonfluent Aphasias
• Preserved and Automatic Language
• Associated Deficits
• Cognitive Deficits
• Motor Deficits
• Classification System
• Cortical and Subcortical Aphasias
• The Cortical Aphasias
• Subcortical Aphasias
• Atypical Aphasias
• Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia and Semantic Demntia: Primary Progressive Aphasias
• Crossed Aphasia
• Assessment of Aphasia
• Case History
• Assessment of Functional Communication and Connected Speech
• Administration of a Standardized Test of Aphasia
• Evaluation of Cognition
• Evaluation of Quality of Life in People with Aphasia
• Factors Affecting Prognosis in Aphasia
• Aphasia Therapy
• Restorative Therapy Approaches
• Compensatory Therapy Approaches
• Social Therapy Approaches
• Main Points
• Review Questions
• References
• CHAPTER 5 Right Hemisphere Disorders
• Normal Right Hemisphere Function
• The Right Hemisphere’s Role in Communication
• Etiology of Right Hemisphere Disorders
• Right Hemisphere Damage Versus Aphasia
• Deficits and Syndromes Following Right Hemisphere Damage
• Communication Deficits
• Visuoperceptual Deficits
• Attentional Deficits
• Neuropsychiatric Disorders
• Assessment of Right Hemisphere Disorders
• Case History
• Informal Testing of Right Hemisphere Disorders
• Formal Testing of Right Hemisphere Disorders
• Therapy for Right Hemisphere Disorders
• Treatment to Improve Facial Affect
• Treatment for Prosodic Deficits
• Treatment to Improve Discourse Deficits
• Treatment for Pragmatic Deficits
• Treatment for Neglect
• Therapy Tasks for Sustained Attention Deficits
• Therapy Tasks for Selective Attention Deficits
• Therapy Tasks for Alternating Attention Deficits
• Therapy Tasks for Divided Attention Deficits
• Environmental Manipulations to Facilitate Attention
• Treatment for Anosognosia
• Main Points
• Review Questions
• References
• CHAPTER 6 Motor Speech Disorders: Apraxia of Speech and Evaluation of Motor Speech Disorders
• Terminology Notes
• Apraxia of Speech
• Motor Speech Programmer
• Speech Characteristics
• Lesion Sites and Etiologies
• Other Apraxias
• Concomitant Disorders
• Differentiating Apraxia of Speech from Dysarthria
• Differentiating Apraxia of Speech from Aphasia
• Motor Speech Evaluation
• Components of the Motor Speech Evaluation
• Therapy for Apraxia of Speech
• Articulatory-Kinematic Approaches
• Melodic Intonation Therapy
• Intersystemic Reorganization
• Augmentative and Alternative Strategies
• Main Points
• Review Questions
• References
• CHAPTER 7 Motor Speech Disorders: The Dysarthrias
• The Dysarthrias
• Importance of Lesion Localization
• Terminology New and Old
• Flaccid Dysarthria
• Anatomic Basis of Flaccid Dysarthria
• Common Etiologies of Flaccid Dysarthria
• The Flaccid Dysarthrias
• Confirmatory Signs of Flaccid Dysarthria
• Spastic Dysarthria
• Anatomic Basis of Spastic Dysarthria
• Confirmatory Signs of Spastic Dysarthria
• Common Etiologies of Spastic Dysarthria
• Lesion Effects
• Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria
• Ataxic Dysarthria
• Anatomic Basis of Ataxic Dysarthria
• Etiologies of Ataxic Dysarthria
• Confirmatory Signs of Ataxic Dysarthria
• Hypokinetic Dysarthria
• Anatomic Basis of Hypokinetic Dysarthria
• Etiologies of Hypokinetic Dysarthria
• Hyperkinetic Dysarthria
• Anatomic Basis of Hyperkinetic Dysarthria
• Etiologies of Hyperkinetic Dysarthria
• Mixed Dysarthrias
• Management of the Dysarthrias
• Restorative Strategies
• Stretching Exercises
• Medical Management
• Compensatory Strategies
• Main Points
• Review Questions
• References
• CHAPTER 8 Traumatic Brain Injury
• Closed Head Traumatic Brain Injuries
• Acceleration–Deceleration Closed Head Injury
• Impact-Based Closed Head Traumatic Brain Injury
• Open Head Traumatic Brain Injury
• Secondary Mechanisms of Damage in Traumatic Brain Injury
• Special Topics in Traumatic Brain Injury
• Shaken Baby Syndrome
• Military Traumatic Brain Injury
• Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury
• Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury
• A General Picture of Traumatic Brain Injury
• Motor Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury
• Cognitive Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury
• Language Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury
• Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury
• Memory Assessment
• Assessment of Level of Arousal
• Assessment of Orientation
• Assessment of Agitation and Aggression
• Assessment of Communication/Language/Cognition
• Formal Tests for Traumatic Brain Injury
• Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury
• Therapy for Decreased Level of Arousal
• Therapy for Attention Deficits
• Therapy for Problem-Solving Deficits
• Therapy for Memory Deficits
• Therapy for Orientation Deficits
• Main Points
• Review Questions
• References
• CHAPTER 9 Dementia
• Defining Dementia
• Delirium and Mild Cognitive Impairment
• Communication Deficits Resulting from Cognitive Deficits
• Normal Changes with Age
• Etiologies of Dementia
• Cortical Dementias
• Subcortical Dementias
• Mixed Dementias
• Other Etiologies of Dementia
• Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist in Treating Those with Dementia
• Cognitive-Communication Assessment of Those with Dementia
• Purpose of Assessment
• Assessment of Dementias
• Medical Management of Cognitive Deficits in Dementia
• Management of Cognitive-Communication Deficits in Dementia
• Direct Therapies
• Indirect Therapies
• Main Points
• Review Questions
• References
• CHAPTER 10 Counseling
• Counseling and Therapy
• The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist in Counseling
• Emotional Reactions: Cause and Effect
• Stages of Grief
• Stage 1: Denial
• Stage 2: Anger
• Stage 3: Bargaining
• Stage 4: Depression
• Stage 5: Acceptance
• Negative Attitudes and Emotions
• Depression
• Demotivation
• Anxiety
• Avoidance or Escape Behaviors
• Displacement and Projection
• Disassociation
• Passive Aggression
• Repression
• Adoption of Learned Helplessness and the Sick Role
• Loss
• Counseling and the Patient
• Counseling and the Caregiver
• Different Types of Caregivers
• Examples of Different Types of Caregivers
• Main Points
• Review Questions
• References
• Glossary
• Index