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• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Acknowledgements
• About Notes and Appendices
• Introduction
• The Enlightenment’s Twisted Legacy: One
• The Age of Enlightenment
• Galileo’s Telescope
• Kant On Enlightenment
• Two Kinds of ‘Enlightenment’
• Modern Critics of Enlightenment
• Islam and Enlightenment
• Blame It On the Sixties
• The Return of Young-Earth Creationism
• Defending Kant’s Enlightenment Vision
• Liberal With a Capital ‘L’: Two
• Freedom of Action
• Freedom of Thought
• Two Schools
• Religious Liberals
• Atheist Authoritarians
• Liberal and Authoritarian Educational Methods: Three
• Murder and Torture
• Other ‘Educational’ Methods
• Brainwashing
• The Filter of Reason
• The ‘Modern Parents’
• Striking a Balance
• The Positive Side to Liberal Education
• Can Children Be Philosophical?
• Why Be Liberal (With a Capital ‘L’)?: Four
• Democracy and the Liberal Approach
• The ‘Marketplace of Ideas’
• Milgram’s Experiment
• Glover’s and the Oliners’ Research
• Muslim Terrorists
• Blaming the Holocaust On Atheism and the Enlightenment
• Conclusion
• Different Kinds of Authority: Five
• When It’s Sensible to Trust an Authority
• Why Moral Authorities Are Different
• Taking Advice from Moral Experts and Authorities
• ‘Playing God’
• Kant Vindicated
• The Authority of a Religious Text
• The Authority of Parents, Judges and Policemen
• How Authoritarians Take Advantage of the Ambiguity of ‘Authority’
• Liberalism and Selfish Individualism
• ‘What If They End Up Believing the Wrong Thing?’
• The Liberal Response to Authoritarians In Their Midst
• Conclusion
• The Moral Malaise and Moral Relativism: Six
• The Moral Malaise
• Secularization
• Crime, Youth and Sex
• The Rise of Relativism
• The ‘Politically Correct’ Argument for Relativism
• Rampant Relativism and Non-Judgementalism
• Is Religion the Cure?
• The Wrong Sort of Religion?
• Back to Authority With a Capital ‘A’
• What’s Wrong with Moral Relativism?: Seven
• Changes for the Good
• Bad Arguments for Relativism
• Liberals Who Reject Relativism
• The Great Myth and the War for Children’s Minds: Eight
• ‘Relativist!’
• Relativism and Liberalism-With-a-Capital-‘L’
• Science Is Liberal, Not Relativist
• A Map of the Terrain
• A Philosophically Basic Point
• How a Liberal School Can Combat Relativism
• Religious Education and Relativism
• Relativist Vs Liberal Responses to Home-Grown Religious Fanaticism
• The ‘Culture War’
• The Relativism-or-Authoritarianism Myth
• How Relativists Caricature Liberals
• The Great Myth
• Case Study 1: www.moral-relativism.com
• Case Study 2: Melanie Phillips’ Attack On Graham Haydon
• Case Study 3: Sacks’ Attack On Kant
• Conclusion
• Reason and Morality: Nine
• Truths of Reason
• The Sausage Machine of Reason
• The Inductive Sausage Machine
• Hume and the Is/Ought Gap
• The Circularity Problem
• Defending the Liberal Approach
• A Final Worry
• Conclusion
• Good Habits and the Rise of ‘Character Education’: Ten
• William James On Good Habits
• Aristotle
• Character Education
• An Attack On the Liberal Approach
• Defending the Liberal Approach
• Two Types of ‘Character Education’
• Tradition and Community: Eleven
• The Unavoidability of Tradition
• Losing the Plot
• Rowan Williams On the Importance of Religious Tradition
• Must We Abandon the Liberal Approach?
• Response to Williams
• The Importance of Stories
• Community, Religion and Authority
• Gray On de Maistre: ‘Reason Dissolves Civilization’
• Sacks On Tradition
• Keeping the Masses In Line: Twelve
• ‘He’s Making a List, He’s Checking It Twice …’
• Machiavelli
• Leo Strauss’s ‘Noble Lies and Pious Frauds’
• Irving Kristol
• The Dependence of Morality On Religion
• The ‘Obviousness’ of the Need for Religion
• The ‘Moral Capital’ Move
• The ‘Lower Orders’ Move
• Further Problems With the View That Morality Is Causally Dependent Upon Religion
• A Further Problem
• Religion and the Liberal Approach
• The Last Ditch Argument
• Conclusion and Recommendation: Thirteen
• Recommendations Regarding Religious and Moral Education
• Parental Freedom
• A System of Political Schools
• Dealing With a Reply
• The Enlightenment and the Holocaust: Appendix One
• Lyotard
• Christian Resistance to the Nazis
• The Eichmann Case
• MacIntyre On Authority and the Enlightenment: Appendix Two
• Notes
• Introduction
• Chapter One
• Chapter Two
• Chapter Three
• Chapter Four
• Chapter Five
• Chapter Six
• Chapter Eight
• Chapter Nine
• Chapter Ten
• Chapter Eleven
• Chapter Twelve
• Chapter Thirteen
• Appendix One
• Bibliography