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• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Copyright
• Contents
• Contributors
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• 1 Corporate Social Responsibility in India: Philosophy, Policy and Practice
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.1.1 Philosophy
• 1.1.2 Growing funds
• 1.1.3 Individual philanthropist
• 1.1.4 Contributing funds
• 1.2 Evolution of CSR Governance and Policies
• 1.2.1 Evolution in India
• 1.2.2 What qualifies as CSR?
• 1.3 Practice
• 1.3.1 Estimated CSR expenditure
• 1.3.2 How are Indian companies doing on the CSR front?
• 1.3.4 Participation in Swachh Bharat campaign
• 1.3.5 Participation in other activities
• 1.3.6 CSR by type and nature of industry
• 1.3.7 How is the government supplementing CSR efforts?
• 1.3.8 CII plays a pivotal role
• 1.3.9 ICRISAT enabling CSR through win-win proposition
• 1.4 Focus of this Book
• Acknowledgement
• Notes
• References
• 2 A Holistic Approach for Achieving Impact through CSR
• 2.1 Why a Holistic Approach?
• 2.2 Existing Death Valley of Impact – The Main Challenge
• 2.3 Framework of Holistic Solutions
• 2.3.1 Inclusive market-oriented development approach
• 2.3.2 Integrated watershed management – proven IMOD strategy for the drylands
• 2.3.3 Strengthening the science of delivery of holistic solutions
• 2.4 Holistic Solutions for Impact
• 2.4.1 Rainwater conservation
• 2.4.2 Enhancing water-use efficiency
• 2.4.3 Soil health
• 2.4.4 Crops and cropping systems management
• 2.4.5 Inclusive system-context development
• 2.4.6 Modernizing agriculture: on-farm mechanization
• 2.4.7 Value chain
• 2.4.8 Collectivization: farmer producer organizations
• 2.4.9 Capacity building and innovative extension system
• 2.5 Summary and Key Findings
• References
• 3 Building Soil Health, Improving Carbon Footprint and Minimizing Greenhouse Gas Emissions through
• 3.1 Why Soil Health, Carbon and Greenhouse Gases are Important
• 3.2 How Soil Health and Ecosystem Service Issues are Aggravated
• 3.3 Soil Degradation Challenges in General and in CSR Sites
• 3.4 Building Soil Health and Ecosystem Services: A Low Hanging Technology
• 3.4.1 Soil health for food and nutritional security
• 3.4.2 Improved nutrient and water use efficiency
• 3.4.3 Soil C sequestration and offsetting GHG emissions
• 3.5 Framework for Soil Health and Ecosystem Services
• 3.5.1 Soil health building as an entry point activity
• 3.5.2 Strengthening analytical framework
• 3.5.3 Regulating soil C pools
• 3.5.4 GHG emissions and management
• 3.5.5 Scaling-out soil health management
• 3.5.6 Innovative extension and information and communication technology in soil health management
• 3.6 Summary and Key Findings
• Acknowledgement
• References
• 4 CSR and Climate-resilient Agriculture – A JSW Case Study
• 4.1 High-rainfall Zone – Jawhar, Maharashtra
• 4.1.1 Challenges and opportunities
• 4.1.2 Climatic situation
• 4.1.3 Rainfed crop-growing period
• 4.1.4 Projected climate change
• 4.1.5 Corporate social responsibility opportunity
• 4.1.6 Pre-project scenario – constraints
• 4.1.7 Strategy and approach
• 4.1.8 Interventions
• 4.1.9 Soil and water conservation
• 4.1.10 Rainwater harvesting
• 4.1.11 Crop management
• Paddy
• Finger millet
• Groundnut
• Pigeonpea
• 4.1.12 Crop diversification
• Horticulture plantation
• Rice fallow management
• Promotion of post-monsoon crops
• 4.1.13 Graduation of tribal farmers to protected cultivation of vegetables
• 4.1.14 Microenterprises
• Village seed bank
• Nursery raising
• 4.1.15 Market linkages
• 4.1.16 Overcoming malnutrition
• 4.1.17 Marching towards mechanization
• 4.1.18 Impact
• 4.2 Low-rainfall Zone – Ballari, Karnataka
• 4.2.1 Site specification
• 4.2.2 Challenges and opportunities
• Shift from agriculture to industry
• Land use pattern
• Water resources
• Market availability
• Land degradation
• 4.2.3 Interventions
• Soil test-based balanced nutrition trials
• Farmer participatory evaluation of improved cultivars
• Rainwater harvesting
• Capacity building programmes to improve livelihoods
• 4.2.4 Impact
• Increase in crop productivity with balanced nutrient management
• High-yielding improved cultivars
• Increase in water availability
• Livelihood activities
• 4.3 The Way Forward
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 5 Improving Livelihoods through Watershed Interventions: A Case Study of SABMiller India Project
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.1.1 The initiative
• 5.1.2 Goal and objectives
• 5.2 ICRISAT–SABMiller India Project
• 5.2.1 Background of the study area
• 5.2.2 Identification of constraints
• 5.3 The Process
• 5.3.1 Strategy
• 5.3.2 Partner consortia
• 5.3.3 Community mobilization and formation of watershed committee
• 5.3.4 Entry-point activity: soil test
• 5.3.5 Awareness and capacity building
• 5.4 Interventions
• 5.4.1 Productivity enhancement through application of soil test-based fertilizers
• 5.4.2 Enhancing water resources availability
• 5.4.3 Agroforestry and tree plantation
• 5.5 Investments and Incremental Benefits
• 5.5.1 Productivity enhancement through soil test-based fertilizer application
• 5.5.2 Enhancing water resource availability
• 5.5.3 Agroforestry and tree plantation
• 5.5.4 Livestock-based activities
• 5.5.5 Income-generating activities by women
• Nursery raising
• Nutri-kitchen gardens
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 6 Improved Livelihoods – A Case Study from Asian Paints Limited
• 6.1 Background
• 6.1.1 Why? Problem statement
• 6.1.2 Integrated water resource management approach
• 6.1.3 Objectives
• 6.1.4 Site selection
• 6.1.5 Site specification
• 6.2 Baseline Situation
• 6.2.1 Crop production
• Cropping pattern
• Crop yield
• Fertilizer usage
• Incidence of insects and diseases
• Economics of different crop enterprises
• 6.2.2 Household income
• 6.2.3 Sources of water and utilization pattern
• 6.2.4 Perceptions about production problems and future interventions
• 6.3 Process
• 6.3.1 Partnerships
• 6.3.2 Community mobilization
• Watershed committee
• Inclusion of women
• 6.3.3 Entry point activities
• 6.3.4 Dissemination
• Community programmes
• Soil health cards
• Wall writing
• 6.3.5 Capacity development
• 6.4 Interventions
• 6.4.1 Rainwater harvesting
• 6.4.2 Safe reuse of domestic wastewater for agriculture
• 6.4.3 Improving crop productivity
• Soil test-based fertilizer application
• On-farm demonstrations
• Kitchen garden
• Promoting organic manure
• Income-generating activity: spent malt-based business model
• 6.5 Sustainability
• 6.5.1 Increased yield
• 6.5.2 Increased water availability
• 6.6 Way Forward
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 7 Improving Water Availability and Diversification of Cropping Systems in Pilot Villages of North an
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Bundelkhand Region of Central India
• 7.2.1 Pilot site: Parasai-Sindh watershed, Jhansi
• 7.2.2 Baseline characterization
• 7.3 Kolar District of Peninsular India
• 7.3.1 Pilot site: Muduvatti watershed, Kolar
• 7.3.2 Baseline characterization
• 7.4 NRM Interventions Implemented in Parasai-Sindh Watershed
• 7.4.1 Entry point activities
• Formation of watershed committee
• Formation of environmental clubs
• 7.4.2 Rainwater harvesting
• 7.4.3 Agroforestry interventions
• 7.4.4 Productivity enhancement interventions
• 7.4.5 Developing forage resource
• 7.4.6 Income-generating activities
• Promoting agroforestry
• Vermicomposting
• Introduction of dona-making machine
• 7.4.7 Capacity building
• Exposure visits
• Field day
• International Women’s Day at ICRISAT
• Human health camp
• 7.4.8 Impact of watershed intervention on water resources availability and income
• 7.5 NRM Interventions Implemented in Muduvatti Watershed
• 7.5.1 Entry point activity
• Formation of watershed committee
• Soil fertility assessment
• 7.5.2 Rainwater harvesting
• 7.5.3 Productivity enhancement interventions
• 7.5.4 Livestock-related activities
• 7.5.5 Waste management: recycling, recovery and reuse
• Composting the crop residue and animal waste
• Wastewater treatment and safe reuse of treated wastewater for improving water productivity
• 7.5.6 Income-generating activities
• 7.5.7 Capacity building
• Farmer-to-farmer video dissemination
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 8 Scaling-up of Science-led Development – Sir Dorabji Tata Trust Initiative
• 8.1 Project Background
• 8.1.1 Why the project?
• 8.1.2 Pilot site details in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
• 8.1.3 Cropping systems and production scenario in Rajasthan
• 8.1.4 Cropping systems and production scenario in Madhya Pradesh
• 8.2 Institutional Arrangements and Modalities of Scaling-up
• 8.3 Major Interventions
• 8.3.1 Mapping soil fertility degradation and management
• Soil health mapping
• Soil health management for enhanced crop and water productivity
• 8.3.2 Integrated rainwater management
• 8.3.3 Improved crops, varieties and cropping systems
• Promoting farmer-preferred crop varieties
• Intensification of rainy season fallows
• 8.3.4 Forage production for promoting livestock-based livelihoods
• On-farm fodder promotion
• Wasteland management
• 8.3.5 Other income-generating activities
• Kitchen gardening
• Vermicomposting and biomass generation
• Seed bank
• Strengthening livestock-based livelihoods
• 8.4 Capacity Building
• 8.4.1 Capacity building under the initiative
• 8.4.2 Important principles of capacity building followed
• 8.5 Summary and Key Findings
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 9 Increasing Agricultural Productivity of Farming Systems in Parts of Central India – Sir Ratan Ta
• 9.1 Background
• 9.1.1 Sir Ratan Tata Trust Initiative
• 9.1.2 Project locations
• 9.1.3 Project goal and objectives
• 9.2 Methodology
• 9.2.1 Yield gap analysis for increasing system productivity in project location
• 9.2.2 Assessing the challenges for increasing system productivity
• 9.2.3 Soil health mapping as an entry point activity
• 9.2.4 Institutional arrangement
• 9.2.5 Capacity building
• Training assessment
• Capacity building under the initiative
• 9.2.6 Dissemination
• 9.3 Integrated Approach for Livelihood Improvement
• 9.3.1 Soil test-based balanced nutrient management
• 9.3.2 Weather monitoring
• 9.3.3 Water conservation and harvesting
• 9.3.4 Crop intensification
• Rainy season fallow management
• Rice fallow management for crop intensification
• 9.3.5 Farmer participatory varietal evaluation
• 9.3.6 Crop diversification
• 9.4 Livelihood Improvement
• 9.4.1 Vermicomposting
• 9.4.2 Vegetable cultivation
• 9.4.3 Biomass generation for soil fertility management
• 9.4.4 Seed bank
• 9.4.5 Kitchen gardening
• 9.5 Sustainability
• 9.6 The Way Forward
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 10 Sustainable Development of Fragile Low-rainfall Regions – Power Grid Corporation of India Initi
• 10.1 Project Background
• 10.1.1 Why the project?
• 10.1.2 Location details of benchmark watersheds
• 10.1.3 Benchmark watersheds in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
• 10.2 Strategy for Execution and Process
• 10.2.1 Partnerships
• 10.2.2 Entry point activity
• 10.2.3 Institutional arrangements
• 10.2.4 Capacity building
• 10.3 Watershed Interventions
• 10.3.1 Integrated soil and water management interventions
• 10.3.2 Productivity enhancement through improved crop varieties and nutrient management
• 10.3.3 Cultivation of high-value crops for increasing income and water productivity
• 10.3.4 Kitchen gardening
• 10.3.5 Livestock improvement
• 10.3.6 Strengthening livelihood through income-generating activities
• 10.3.7 Low-cost decentralized wastewater treatment system
• 10.4 Impact and Outcome from the Integrated Watershed Project
• 10.5 Sustainability
• 10.6 Scaling-up Process
• 10.7 Summary and the Way Forward
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 11 Farmer-centric Integrated Water Management for Improving Livelihoods – A Case Study of Rural El
• 11.1 Project Background
• 11.1.1 Why the project?
• 11.1.2 Pilot site description and selection process
• 11.2 Institutional Arrangement
• 11.3 Major Interventions
• 11.3.1 Integrated rainwater management
• Blue water augmentation (ex-situ water management)
• Green water management (in-situ water management)
• 11.3.2 Soil health mapping and need-based recommendations for enhancing productivity
• 11.3.3 Improved crops and varieties for intensification and diversification
• 11.3.4 Livelihood improvement through strengthening income-generating �activities
• Farm activities
• Nonfarm activities
• 11.3.5 Capacity building
• 11.4 Impact of Watershed Interventions
• 11.4.1 Productivity and economic benefits
• 11.4.2 Social benefits
• 11.4.3 Environment benefits
• 11.4.4 Technological benefits
• 11.5 Summary and Key Findings
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 12 Improving Rural Wastewater Management
• 12.1 Significance of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
• 12.1.1 Rural wastewater as a sustainable resource
• 12.1.2 Impact of improper rural wastewater management on health and hygiene
• 12.1.3 Wastewater irrigation: prevailing practice, potential and risks
• 12.1.4 Economics of rapid spread of peri-urban vegetable farms
• 12.1.5 Limitations of traditional wastewater treatment technologies
• 12.2 Sustainable Off-grid Technology for Rural Wastewater Treatment
• 12.2.1 Constructed wetland as a low-cost wastewater treatment technology
• 12.2.2 Overview of the constructed wetland-based wastewater schemes
• 12.2.3 ICRISAT in-house research on constructed wetland
• 12.2.4 Impact indicators, advantages and disadvantages of DWAT
• Advantages of DWAT system
• Limitations of constructed wetlands
• 12.2.5 Salient features of DWAT unit in ICRISAT watersheds in India
• 12.3 Field-scale Performance of Constructed Wetlands
• 12.3.1 Performance of DWAT units commissioned utilizing CSR funds
• 12.3.2 Few general learnings from scale-up
• 12.3.3 Site-specific learnings from scale-up
• Pendakal
• Mentapalle
• Rajapeta
• Dhikoli
• Dandiganahalli
• Doddanthapur
• Ukkali
• Bhanoor
• 12.4 Challenges and Way Forward
• References
• 13 Learnings and a Way Forward
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Background
• 13.3 Learnings
• 13.4 The Way Forward
• References
• Index