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• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Part I: Foundations of Aging
• Chapter 1: Aging, Physical Health, and Physical Activity
• Defining Aging
• Physical Activity, Exercise, and Sport
• Common Conditions Associated With Aging
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Chapter 2: Aging Theories
• Evolutionary Mechanics Theories
• Simple Damage and Fundamental Limitation Theories
• Evolutionary Nonprogrammed Aging Theories
• Evolutionary Programmed Aging Theories
• Programmed Versus Nonprogrammed Aging Controversy
• Medical Implications of Aging Theories
• Life Span Extension Research
• Anti-Aging Medicine
• Policy, Ethics, and Social Issues Regarding Aging Theories
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Chapter 3: Global Shifts in the Demography of Aging
• History of Population Growth
• Patterns of Population Aging Today
• Impact of Fertility Decline on Population Aging
• Impact of Mortality Decline on Population Aging
• The Compression of Morbidity
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Part II: Physical Dimensions of Aging
• Chapter 4: Body Composition and Age-Related Changes
• Measures of Changes in Body Composition
• Fat-Free Mass
• Bone Mass
• Fat Mass
• Co-Occurrence of Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Osteoporosis
• Perspectives
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Chapter 5: Musculoskeletal Changes
• Overview of Skeletal Muscle
• Skeletal Muscle Strength and Power Losses With Aging
• Muscle Fibers and Aging
• Muscle Power and Aging
• Physiological Mechanisms of the Loss of Skeletal Muscle Strength
• Physiological Mechanisms of the Loss of Skeletal Muscle Power
• Resistance Training to Improve Skeletal Muscle, Strength, and Power
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Chapter 6: Cardiovascular Changes
• Anatomical Changes of the Heart and Vessels
• Functional Changes of the Cardiovascular System
• Cardiovascular Adaptations to Endurance Exercise Training
• Future Directions
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Chapter 7: Pulmonary Changes
• Resting Pulmonary Function With Healthy Aging
• Ventilatory Responses to Exercise With Healthy Aging
• Pulmonary Circulation, Blood Flow, and Gas Exchange
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Chapter 8: Endocrine System Changes
• Endocrine System Changes With Aging
• Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Endocrine System Function With Aging
• Acute Exercise-Induced Hormone Responses in Older Adults
• Future Research
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Part III: Physical Implications of Aging
• Chapter 9: Balance, Locomotion, and Falls
• Age-Related Changes in Multiple Systems
• Age-Associated Changes in Gait
• Evaluating the Multiple Dimensions of Balance
• Measuring Balance in Laboratory Settings
• Measuring Balance in Clinical or Field Settings
• Overview of the Gait Cycle
• Measuring Gait in Clinical or Field Settings
• Measuring Balance and Falls Self-Efficacy
• Falling as a Result of Balance Failing
• Designing Exercise Programs Aimed at Lowering Fall Incidence Rates
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Chapter 10: Motor Control
• Motor Learning
• Neural Plasticity
• Decline in Motor Skills Induced by Aging
• The Role of Exercise in Improving Motor Function
• Future Research
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Chapter 11: Physical Functions
• Defining Physical Function and Frailty
• Consequences of Low Physical Function
• Physical Function Associated With Aging
• Measuring Physical Function
• Measuring Frailty
• Role of Physical Activity in Physical Function
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Part IV: Exercise: A Powerful Prevention Tool
• Chapter 12: Measurements of Exercise Specific to Older Adults
• Clinical Perspectives
• Pre-Exercise Screening and Considerations
• Medication Considerations
• Predictable Clinical Complexities Affecting Assessments
• Exercise Testing
• Balance and Gait Assessments
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Chapter 13: Barriers and Solutions to Exercise Adherence
• Social Ecological Framework
• Physical Activity Recommendations for Older Adults
• Physical Activity Adherence Factors
• Screening and Assessment Tools for Barriers and Facilitators
• Interventions to Promote Physical Activity
• Considerations for Common Practice Settings and Diagnoses Among Older Adults
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Chapter 14: Physical Activity and Exercise Recommendations for Functional Health
• Physical Activity Recommendations for the General Population
• Specific Physical Activity and Exercise for Older Adults
• Sedentary Behavior and Physical Function
• Improvement of Functional Health With Chronic Conditions
• Implementing Physical Activity for Older Adults
• Summary
• Review Questions
• Chapter 15: Exercise Recommendations for Masters Athletes
• Masters Athletes
• Physical Performance Benefits of Long-Term Systematic Training
• Training Considerations for Masters Athletes
• Endurance Performance and Age
• Sprint Performance and Age
• Strength and Power Performance and Age
• Holistic Health Benefits of the Masters Athlete Lifestyle
• Potential Negative Impacts of High-Level Training in Masters Sports
• Summary
• Review Questions
• References
• Index
• About the Editor
• Contributors