Efnisyfirlit

• Instructions for online access
• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• How to use
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contributors
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• PART I. Nutrition Assessment
•    Introduction
• 1.  Intake: Gastrointestinal digestion, absorption, and excretion of nutrients
• The gastrointestinal tract
• Brief overview of digestive and absorptive processes
• The small intestine: Primary site of nutrient absorption
• The large intestine
• Summary
• Useful websites
• References
• 2.  Intake: Energy
• Energy requirements
• Components of energy expenditure
• Estimating energy requirements
• Physical activity in children
• Calculating food energy
• Useful websites/apps
• References
• 3.  Clinical: Water, electrolytes, and acid–base balance
• Body water
• Electrolytes
• Acid–base balance
• Acid generation
• Acid–base disorders
• References
• 4.  Intake: Assessment of food- and nutrition-related history
• Nutritional status
• Nutrition screening
• Nutrition assessment
• Nutrition-related history
• Food and nutrient intake
• Food and nutrient administration
• Nutrition knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes
• Nutrition behaviors
• Medication and complementary or alternative medicines
• Nutrition access
• Physical activity and physical function
• Nutrition quality of life
• References
• 5.  Clinical: Biochemical, physical, and functional assessment
• Biochemical assessment of nutrition status
• Nutrition interpretation of routine medical laboratory tests
• Assessment of hydration status
• Assessment for nutritional anemias
• Fat-soluble vitamins
• Water-soluble vitamins and trace minerals
• Chronic disease risk assessment
• Physical assessments
• Nutrition-focused physical examination
• Useful websites
• References
• 6.  Nutritional genomics
• Genetic and genomic fundamentals
• Modes of inheritance
• Genetic variation, inheritance, and disease
• Nutritional genomics and chronic disease
• Summary
• Useful websites
• References
• 7.  Inflammation and the pathophysiology of chronic disease
• Epidemic of chronic disease
• Concepts of chronic disease pathophysiology
• Inflammation: Common denominator of chronic disease
• Nutrient modulators of inflammation
• Reducing inflammation in the body
• Summary
• Useful websites
• References
• 8.  Behavioral-environmental: The individual in the community
• Social determinants of health
• Nutrition practice in the community
• Needs assessment for community-based nutrition services
• National nutrition surveys
• National nutrition guidelines and goals
• Food assistance and nutrition programs
• Foodborne illness
• Food and water safety
• Disaster planning
• Healthy food and water systems and sustainability
• Summary: A work in progress
• Useful websites
• References
• PART II. Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention
•    Introduction
• 9.  Overview of nutrition diagnosis and intervention
• The nutrition care process
• Documentation in the nutrition care record
• Influences on nutrition and health care
• Nutrition interventions
• Nutrition for the terminally ill or hospice client
• Useful websites
• References
• 10.  Food-nutrient delivery: Planning the diet with cultural competence
• Determining nutrient needs
• Worldwide guidelines
• Nutritional status of americans
• National guidelines for diet planning
• Food and nutrient labeling
• Dietary patterns and counseling tips
• Cultural aspects of dietary planning
• Useful websites
• References
• References
• 11.  Food and nutrient delivery: Bioactive substances and integrative care
• Complementary and integrative medicine
• Use of complementary and integrative therapies
• Dietary supplementation
• Dietary supplement regulation
• Assessment of dietary supplement use in patients
• Useful websites
• References
• 12.  Food and nutrient delivery: Nutrition support methods
• Rationale and criteria for appropriate nutrition support
• Enteral nutrition
• Enteral nutrition access
• Parenteral nutrition
• Complications
• Refeeding syndrome
• Transitional feeding
• Nutrition support in long-term and home care
• Useful websites
• References
• 13.  Education and counseling: Behavioral change
• Behavior change
• Models for behavior change
• Models for counseling strategies
• Models for educational program development
• Skills and attributes of the nutrition educator or counselor
• Assessment results: Choosing focus areas
• Counseling approaches after the assessment
• Evaluation of effectiveness
• Summary
• Useful websites
• References
• PART III. Nutrition in the Life Cycle
•    Introduction
• 14.  Nutrition in pregnancy and lactation
• Preconception and fertility
• Conception
• Pregnancy
• Postpartum period = preconceptual period
• Lactation
• Useful websites
• References
• 15.  Nutrition in infancy
• Physiologic development
• Nutrient requirements
• Milk
• Food
• Feeding
• Useful websites
• References
• 16.  Nutrition in childhood
• Growth and development
• Nutrient requirements
• Providing an adequate diet
• Nutritional concerns
• Preventing chronic disease
• Useful websites
• References
• 17.  Nutrition in adolescence
• Growth and development
• Nutrient requirements
• Food habits and eating behaviors
• Nutrition screening, assessment, and counseling
• Special topics
• Useful websites
• References
• 18.  Nutrition in the adult years
• Setting the stage: Nutrition in the adult years
• Setting the stage: Messages
• Information sources
• Lifestyle and health risk factors
• Health disparities and global health
• Nutritional factors affecting adult women and men
• Interventions, nutrition, and prevention
• Food trends and patterns
• Nutritional supplementation
• Functional foods
• Adult health next steps
• Useful websites
• References
• 19.  Nutrition in aging
• The older population
• Gerontology, geriatrics, and the spectrum of aging
• Nutrition in health promotion and disease prevention
• Theories on aging
• Physiologic changes
• Quality of life
• Nutrition screening and assessment
• Nutrition needs
• Medicare benefits
• Nutrition support services
• Community and residential facilities for older adults
• Useful websites
• References
• PART IV. Nutrition for Weight Management
•    Introduction
• 20.  Nutrition in weight management
• Weight management and obesity: Its foundation in nutritional medicine
• Body weight components
• Regulation of body weight
• Overweight and obesity
• Elements of energy balance dysregulation
• Management of obesity in adults
• Weight management in children and adolescents
• Excessive leanness or unintentional weight loss
• Useful websites
• References
• 21.  Nutrition in eating disorders
• Clinical characteristics and medical complications
• Treatment approach
• Psychologic management
• Nutrition management
• Medical nutrition therapy and counseling
• Summary
• Useful websites
• References
• 22.  Nutrition in exercise and sports performance
• Bioenergetics of physical activity
• Fuels for contracting muscles
• An integrative approach to working with athletes
• Nutritional requirements of exercise
• Weight management
• Weight management and aesthetics
• Macronutrients
• Carbohydrate
• Protein
• Fat
• Fluid
• Vitamins and minerals
• Minerals
• Ergogenic AIDS
• Popular ergogenic AIDS
• Performance enhancement substances and drugs: Doping in sport
• Useful websites
• References
• 23.  Nutrition and bone health
• Introduction
• Bone structure and bone physiology
• Osteopenia and osteoporosis
• Nutrition and bone
• Treatment of osteoporosis
• References
• 24.  Nutrition for oral and dental health
• Nutrition for tooth development
• Dental caries
• Early childhood caries
• Caries prevention
• Tooth loss and dentures
• Other oral disorders
• Periodontal disease
• Oral manifestations of systemic disease
• Useful websites
• References
• PART V. Medical Nutrition Therapy
•    Introduction
• 25.  Medical nutrition therapy for adverse reactions to food: Allergies and intolerances
• Definitions
• Prevalence
• Etiology
• Pathophysiology of food allergy
• Immune system basics
• Food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA)
• Food intolerances
• Medical nutrition therapy
• Diagnosis
• Intervention
• Monitoring and evaluation
• Prevention of food allergies
• Useful websites
• References
• 26.  Medical nutrition therapy for upper gastrointestinal tract disorders
• The esophagus
• The stomach
• Gastroparesis
• Useful websites
• References
• 27.  Medical nutrition therapy for lower gastrointestinal tract disorders
• Common intestinal problems
• Diseases of the small intestine
• Intestinal brush-border enzyme deficiencies
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Nutritional consequences of intestinal surgery
• Useful websites
• References
• 28.  Medical nutrition therapy for hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders
• Physiology and functions of the liver
• Diseases of the liver
• Complications of esld: Cause and nutrition treatment
• Nutrition issues related to end-stage liver disease
• Nutrient requirements for cirrhosis
• Herbal and dietary supplements and liver disease
• Liver resection and transplantation
• Physiology and functions of the gallbladder
• Diseases of the gallbladder
• Complementary and integrative medicine for gallstones
• Physiology and functions of the exocrine pancreas
• Diseases of the exocrine pancreas
• Complementary and integrative medicine for pancreatic disorders
• Pancreatic surgery
• Useful websites
• References
• 29.  Medical nutrition therapy for diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia of nondiabetic origin
• Incidence and prevalence
• Categories of glucose intolerance
• Screening and diagnostic criteria
• Management of prediabetes
• Management of diabetes
• Implementing the nutrition care process
• Acute complications
• Long-term complications
• Hypoglycemia of nondiabetic origin
• Useful websites
• References
• 30.  Medical nutrition therapy for thyroid, adrenal, and other endocrine disorders
• Thyroid physiology
• Assessment in thyroid disorders
• Hypothyroidism
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Hyperthyroidism
• Managing imbalances of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis
• Adrenal disorders
• Useful websites
• References
• 31.  Medical nutrition therapy for anemia
• Iron-related blood disorders
• Iron overload
• Megaloblastic anemias
• Other nutritional anemias
• Nonnutritional anemias
• Useful websites
• References
• 32.  Medical nutrition therapy for cardiovascular disease
• Atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease
• Genetic hyperlipidemias
• Hypertension
• Heart failure
• Cardiac transplantation
• Useful websites
• References
• 33.  Medical nutrition therapy for pulmonary disease
• The pulmonary system
• Chronic pulmonary disease
• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Diffuse parenchymal lung disease
• Tuberculosis
• Lung cancer
• Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
• Pleural effusion
• Chylothorax
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Pneumonia
• Lung transplantation
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
• Useful websites
• References
• 34.  Medical therapy for renal disorders
• Physiology and function of the kidneys
• Renal diseases
• Education, adherence, and compliance
• Acute kidney injury (acute renal failure)
• Chronic kidney disease
• End-stage renal disease
• References
• 35.  Medical nutrition therapy for cancer prevention, treatment, and survivorship
• Pathophysiology
• Nutrition and carcinogenesis
• Chemoprevention
• Medical diagnosis and staging of cancer
• Medical treatment
• Medical nutrition therapy
• Integrative, complementary, and functional oncology
• Nutritional impact of cancer treatments
• Nutrition monitoring and evaluation
• Pediatric cancer
• Nutrition recommendations for cancer survivors
• Useful websites
• References
• 36.  Medical nutrition therapy for HIV and AIDS
• Epidemiology and trends
• Pathophysiology and classification
• Medical management
• Medical nutrition therapy
• HIV in women
• HIV in children
• Integrative and functional nutrition (IFN)
• Useful websites
• References
• 37.  Medical nutrition therapy in critical care
• Metabolic response to stress
• Hormonal and cell-mediated response
• Starvation versus stress
• Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and organ dysfunction or failure
• Malnutrition: The etiology-based definition
• Trauma and the open abdomen
• Major burns
• Surgery
• Useful websites
• References
• 38.  Medical nutrition therapy for rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease
• Etiology
• Pathophysiology and inflammation
• Medical diagnosis and treatment
• Pharmacotherapy
• Antiinflammatory diet
• Complementary and integrative health approaches
• Microbiota and arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Sjögren’s syndrome
• Temporomandibular disorders
• Gout
• Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis or SSc)
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Spondylarthritides
• Useful websites
• References
• 39.  Medical nutrition therapy for neurologic disorders
• The nervous system
• Dysphagia
• Neurologic diseases of nutritional origin
• Neurologic disorders from trauma
• Head trauma or neurotrauma
• Spine trauma and spinal cord injury
• Neurologic diseases
• Useful websites
• References
• 40.  Medical nutrition therapy in psychiatric and cognitive disorders
• The enteric nervous system
• Blood glucose regulation
• The role of nutrients in mental function
• Addiction and substance abuse
• Anxiety
• Bipolar disorder
• Dementia and alzheimer’s disease
• Depression
• Fatigue, chronic fatigue syndromE (CFS), and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)
• Schizophrenia
• Useful websites
• References
• PART VI. Pediatric Specialties
•    Introduction
• 41.  Medical nutrition therapy for low-birthweight infants
• Infant mortality and statistics
• Physiologic development
• Nutrition requirements: Parenteral feeding
• Transition from parenteral to enteral feeding
• Nutrition requirements: Enteral feeding
• Feeding methods
• Selection of enteral feeding
• Nutrition assessment and growth
• Discharge care
• Neurodevelopmental outcome
• Useful websites
• References
• 42.  Medical nutrition therapy for genetic metabolic disorders
• Newborn screening
• Disorders of amino acid metabolism
• Phenylketonuria
• Disorders of organic acid metabolism
• Disorders of urea cycle metabolism
• Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
• Disorders of fatty acid oxidation
• Role of the nutritionist in genetic metabolic disorders
• Useful websites
• References
• 43.  Medical nutrition therapy for intellectual and developmental disabilities
• Medical nutrition therapy
• Chromosomal abnormalities
• Neurologic disorders
• Fetal alcohol syndrome
• Community resources
• Useful websites
• References
• Appendix 1: Milliequivalents and milligrams of electrolytes
• Appendix 2: Equivalents conversions and portion scoop sizes
• Appendix 3: Growth charts
• Appendix 4: Tanner stages of adolescent development for girls and boys
• Appendix 5: Direct methods for measuring height and weight and indirect methods for measuring height
• Appendix 6: Determination of frame size
• Appendix 7: Adjustment of desirable body weight for amputees
• Appendix 8: Body mass index table
• Appendix 9: Percentage of body fat based on four skinfold measurements
• Appendix 10: Physical activity and calories expended per hour
• Appendix 11: Nutrition focused physical assessment
• Appendix 12: Laboratory values for nutritional assessment and monitoring
• Appendix 13: Nutritional implications of selected drugs
• Appendix 14: Nutritional facts on fluid and hydration
• Appendix 15: Enteral tube feeding formulas for adults marketed in the United States
• Appendix 16: Sample stepwise method to calculate a parenteral nutrition PN formula
• Appendix 17: Dietary approaches to stop hypertension DASH diet
• Appendix 18: Exchange lists and carbohydrate counting for meal planning
• Appendix 19: The ketogenic diet
• Appendix 20: The international dysphagia diet standardisation initiative IDDSI
• Appendix 21: Renal diet for dialysis
• Appendix 22: The antiinflammatory diet
• Appendix 23: The mediterranean diet
• Appendix 24: Nutritional facts on alcoholic beverages
• Appendix 25: Nutritional facts on caffeine containing products
• Appendix 26: Nutritional facts on essential omega fatty acids
• Appendix 27: Nutritional facts on a high fiber diet
• Appendix 28: Glycemic index GI and glycemic load GL of selected foods
• Appendix 29: Nutritional facts on a high protein diet
• Appendix 30: Nutritional facts on vegetarian eating
• Appendix 31: Nutritional facts on folic acid vitamin B6 and vitamin B12
• Appendix 32: Nutritional facts on choline
• Appendix 33: Nutritional facts on biotin
• Appendix 34: Nutritional facts on vitamin A and carotenoids
• Appendix 35: Nutritional facts on vitamin C
• Appendix 36: Nutritional facts on vitamin E
• Appendix 37: Nutritional facts on vitamin K
• Appendix 38: Nutritional facts on vitamin D
• Appendix 39: Nutritional facts on calcium
• Appendix 40: Nutritional facts on chromium
• Appendix 41: Nutritional facts on iodine
• Appendix 42: Nutritional facts on iron
• Appendix 43: Nutritional facts on magnesium
• Appendix 44: Nutritional facts on potassium
• Appendix 45: Nutritional facts on selenium
• Appendix 46: Sodium in food
• Appendix 47: Nutritional facts on zinc
• Index
• End sheet 1
• End sheet 2