Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• Animations
• Contents
• Chapter 1 Structure and Function—How the Architecture of the Lung Subserves Its Function
• Blood-Gas Interface
• Airways and Airflow
• Blood Vessels and Flow
• Stability of Alveoli
• Removal of Inhaled Particles
• Removal of Material from the Blood
• Chapter 1: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 2 Ventilation—How Gas Gets to the Alveoli
• Lung Volumes
• Ventilation
• Anatomic Dead Space
• Physiologic Dead Space
• Regional Differences in Ventilation
• Chapter 2: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 3 Diffusion—How Gas Gets Across the Blood-Gas Barrier
• Laws of Diffusion
• Diffusion and Perfusion Limitations
• Oxygen Uptake Along the Pulmonary Capillary
• Measurement of Diffusing Capacity
• Reaction Rates with Hemoglobin
• Interpretation of Diffusing Capacity for CO
• CO2 Transfer Across the Pulmonary Capillary
• Chapter 3: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 4 Blood Flow and Metabolism—How the Pulmonary Circulation Removes Gas from the Lung and Alters Some Metabolites
• Pressures Within Pulmonary Blood Vessels
• Pressures Around Pulmonary Blood Vessels
• Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
• Measurement of Pulmonary Blood Flow
• Distribution of Blood Flow
• Active Control of the Circulation
• Water Balance in the Lung
• Other Functions of the Pulmonary Circulation
• Metabolic Functions of the Lung
• Chapter 4: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 5 Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships—How Matching of Gas and Blood Determines Gas Exchange
• Oxygen Transport from Air to Tissues
• Hypoventilation
• Diffusion Limitation
• Shunt
• The Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio
• Effect of Altering the Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio of a Lung Unit
• Regional Gas Exchange in the Lung
• Effect of Ventilation-Perfusion Inequality on Overall Gas Exchange
• Distributions of Ventilation-Perfusion Ratios
• Ventilation-Perfusion Inequality as a Cause of CO2 Retention
• Measurement of Ventilation-Perfusion Inequality
• Chapter 5: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 6 Gas Transport by the Blood—How Gases Are Moved to and from the Peripheral Tissues
• Oxygen
• Dissolved O2
• Combination with Hemoglobin
• O2 Dissociation Curve
• Carbon Dioxide
• CO2 Carriage
• CO2 Dissociation Curve
• Acid-Base Status
• Respiratory Acidosis
• Respiratory Alkalosis
• Metabolic Acidosis
• Metabolic Alkalosis
• Blood-Tissue Gas Exchange
• Diffusion
• Tissue Po2
• Mixed Venous Po2
• Chapter 6: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 7 Mechanics of Breathing—How the Lung Is Supported and Moved
• Muscles of Respiration
• Inspiration
• Expiration
• Elastic Properties of the Lung
• Pressure-Volume Curve
• Compliance
• Surface Tension
• Cause of Regional Differences in Ventilation
• Airway Closure
• Elastic Properties of the Chest Wall
• Airway Resistance
• Airflow Through Tubes
• Measurement of Airway Resistance
• Pressures During the Breathing Cycle
• Chief Site of Airway Resistance
• Factors Determining Airway Resistance
• Dynamic Compression of Airways
• Forced Expiration Test
• Additional Causes of Uneven Ventilation
• Tissue Resistance
• Work of Breathing
• Work Done on the Lung
• Total Work of Breathing
• Mechanics of Positive Pressure Breathing
• Chapter 7: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 8 Control of Ventilation—How Gas Exchange Is Regulated
• Central Controller
• Brainstem
• Cortex
• Other Parts of the Brain
• Effectors
• Sensors
• Central Chemoreceptors
• Peripheral Chemoreceptors
• Lung Receptors
• Other Receptors
• Integrated Responses
• Response to Carbon Dioxide
• Response to Oxygen
• Response to pH
• Response to Exercise
• Ventilatory Control During Sleep
• Abnormal Patterns of Breathing During Sleep
• Chapter 8: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 9 Respiratory System Under Stress—How Gas Exchange Is Accomplished During Exercise, at Low and High Pressures, and at Birth
• Exercise
• High Altitude
• Hyperventilation
• Polycythemia
• Other Physiological Changes at High Altitude
• Permanent Residents of High Altitude
• O2 Toxicity
• Absorption Atelectasis
• Space Flight
• Increased Pressure
• Barotrauma
• Decompression Sickness
• Inert Gas Narcosis
• O2 Toxicity
• Hyperbaric O2 Therapy
• Polluted Atmospheres
• Perinatal Respiration
• Placental Gas Exchange
• The First Breath
• Circulatory Changes
• Respiration in Infancy
• Mechanics and Airflow
• Gas Exchange
• Control of Breathing
• Chapter 9: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 10 Tests of Pulmonary Function—How Respiratory Physiology Is Applied to Measure Lung Function
• Uses of Pulmonary Function Testing
• Ventilation
• Forced Expiration
• Lung Volumes
• Diffusion
• Blood Flow
• Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
• Topographical Distribution of Ventilation and Perfusion
• Inequality of Ventilation
• Inequality of Ventilation-Perfusion Ratios
• Blood Gases and pH
• Mechanics of Breathing
• Lung Compliance
• Airway Resistance
• Closing Volume
• Control of Ventilation
• Exercise
• Chapter 10: Multiple Choice Questions
• Appendix A—Symbols, Units, and Equations
• Appendix B—Answers
• Index