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• Title Page
• Copyright
• Epigraphs
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1. Fundamentals of Temperature Regulation
• Heat Balance Equation
• Models of Thermoregulatory Control
• Thermal Stress Scales
• Summary
• 2. Heat Stress
• The Problem With Heat
• Mechanisms of Hyperthermia
• Thermal Perception and Exercise
• Cooling Strategies
• Summary
• 3. Heat Adaptation and Heat Therapy
• Heat Adaptation
• Heat Therapy
• Summary
• 4. Hydration Strategies for Exercise
• Hydration Terminology
• Impact of Fluid Balance on Performance
• Developing a Hydration Strategy
• Summary
• 5. Cold Air Exposure
• Hypothermia
• Physiological Responses to Cold Exposure
• Exercise in the Cold
• Cold Injuries to the Extremities
• Thermal Response in the Extremities
• Summary
• 6. Cold Water Immersion
• Phase 1 Immersion and Cold Shock
• Phase 2 Muscle Failure
• Phase 3 Hypothermia
• Phase 4 Postrescue Collapse
• Summary
• 7. Breath-Hold Diving
• Gas Laws
• Disciplines of Apnea Diving
• Static Apnea
• Dynamic Apnea
• Depth
• Training Apnea Diving
• Indigenous Diving Populations
• Medical Consequences of Apnea Diving
• Summary
• 8. Diving and Hyperbaric Physiology
• Physics of Diving
• Diving Systems
• Decompression Sickness
• Gas Narcosis
• Saturation Diving
• Summary
• 9. Physiological Adjustments to Acute Hypoxia
• Normoxia and Hypoxia
• Physiological Consequences of Exposure to Acute Hypoxia
• Summary
• 10. High-Altitude Physiology
• Acclimatization
• High Altitude and the Oxygen Cascade
• Cardiovascular Response
• High-Altitude Illnesses
• Hemoglobin and Oxygen Transport
• American Medical Research Expedition to Everest
• Metabolism and Body Composition
• Adaptation to High Altitude
• Summary
• 11. Altitude Training and Performance
• Living-Training Hypoxic Models
• Genetic Basis of Altitude Performance
• Hyperoxia
• Considerations in Applying Altitude Training
• Summary
• 12. Microgravity and Spaceflight
• Physiological Responses to Microgravity
• Microgravity Simulations
• Spaceflight Countermeasures
• Extravehicular Activity Physiology
• Spacesuit Design
• Summary
• 13. Exercise in Polluted Environments
• Major Pollutants
• Air Quality Indices
• Pollution Effects on Exercise
• Managing Air Pollution for Athletes
• Summary
• 14. Chronobiology
• Nomenclature
• Circadian Rhythms and the Sleep–Wake Cycle
• Sleep
• Sleep Deprivation
• Transmeridian Travel Fatigue and Jet Lag
• Summary
• 15. Cross-Adaptation
• Nomenclature
• Cold and Hypoxia Cross-Acclimatization
• Heat and Hypoxia Cross-Acclimatization
• Other Cross-Adaptation Themes
• Summary
• 16. Individual Variability: Sex and Age
• Sex Differences in Thermoregulation
• Sex Differences in High-Altitude Physiology
• Environmental Stress in Children
• Environmental Stress and Aging
• Impact of Aerobic Fitness on Thermal Stress
• Summary
• Appendix
• References
• Index
• About the Authors