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• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Author
• Part I Precursors to Modern Psychology
• Chapter 1 Philosophical Roots of Psychology
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Classical Period
• Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle
• Hypatia
• Medieval Period
• Islamic Golden Age
• Al-Kindi
• Avicenna
• Averroes
• Modern Period: Continental Rationalism
• René Descartes
• Thomas Hobbes
• Baruch Spinoza
• Gottfried Leibniz
• Immanuel Kant
• Modern Period: British Empiricism
• Francis Bacon
• John Locke
• George Berkeley
• David Hume
• John Stuart Mill
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 2 Nineteenth-Century Foundations
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Charles Darwin
• Two Questions
• Natural Selection
• Sexual Selection
• Francis Galton
• Galton’s “Religious” Conversion
• Nature and Nurture
• Psychophysics
• Gustav Fechner
• The Weber-Fechner Law
• Elements of Psychophysics
• Early Experimental Psychology
• Hermann von Helmholtz
• Christine Ladd-Franklin
• Hermann Ebbinghaus
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Part II Early Schools of Psychology
• Chapter 3 Structuralism
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Wilhelm Wundt
• Physiological Psychology
• Life in the Leipzig Lab
• Völkerpsychologie
• Legacy
• Wundt’s Students
• James McKeen Cattell
• Lightner Witmer
• James Mark Baldwin
• Hugo Münsterberg
• Edward Titchener
• His Kingdom at Cornell
• Structural Psychology
• Legacy
• Titchener’s Students
• Margaret Washburn
• Edwin Boring
• J. P. Guilford
• June Etta Downey
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 4 Functionalism
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Harvard School
• William James
• Mary Calkins
• Robert Yerkes
• Clark School
• G. Stanley Hall
• Lewis Terman
• Arnold Gesell
• Yujiro Motora
• Francis Cecil Sumner
• Chicago School
• John Dewey
• James Rowland Angell
• Harvey Carr
• Helen Thompson Woolley
• L. L. Thurstone
• Columbia School
• Edward Thorndike
• Robert Woodworth
• Leta Hollingworth
• Florence Goodenough
• Ruth Howard
• Inez Prosser
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 5 Behaviorism
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Methodological Behaviorism
• John Watson
• Conditioned Emotional Responses
• Mary Cover Jones
• Edwin Guthrie
• Neo-Behaviorism
• Clark Hull
• Edward Tolman
• Zing-Yang Kuo
• Kenneth Spence
• Janet Taylor Spence
• Radical Behaviorism
• B. F. Skinner
• Operant Conditioning
• Skinner the Popular Psychologist
• Legacy
• Behaviorism in Transition
• Neal Miller
• William Estes
• Gordon Bower
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 6 Gestalt Psychology
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Forerunners of Gestalt Psychology
• Franz Brentano
• Carl Stumpf
• Christian von Ehrenfels
• Berlin School
• Max Wertheimer
• Wolfgang Köhler
• Kurt Koffka
• Molly Harrower
• Kurt Lewin and His Students
• Field Theory
• Action Research
• Group Dynamics
• Tamara Dembo
• Bluma Zeigarnik
• Fritz Heider
• Object Perception
• Social Cognition
• Psychology of Interpersonal Relationships
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 7 Psychoanalysis
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Sigmund Freud
• Talking Cure
• Interpretation of Dreams
• Psychosexual Development
• Legacy
• First Generation
• Alfred Adler
• Carl Jung
• Second Generation
• Karl Abraham
• Melanie Klein
• Karen Horney
• Anna Freud
• Defense Mechanisms
• Controversial Discussions
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 8 French Psychology
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Hysteria and Hypnosis
• Jean-Martin Charcot
• Pierre Janet
• Alfred Binet
• Abnormal Psychology
• Experimental Psychology
• Child Psychology
• Théodore Simon
• Jean Piaget
• Clinical Method
• Stage Model
• Genetic Epistemology
• Piaget’s Students
• Bärbel Inhelder
• Alina Szemińska
• Vinh Bang
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 9 Soviet Psychology
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Ivan Pavlov
• Artificial Conditioned Reflex
• Tower of Silence
• From Pavlov to Vygotsky
• Horsley Gantt
• Vladimir Bekhterev
• Sabina Spielrein
• Lev Vygotsky
• Thought and Language
• Alexei Leontiev
• Alexander Luria
• Central Asia
• Neuropsychology
• Evgenia Homskaya
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Part III Modern Disciplines of Psychology
• Chapter 10 Physiological and Comparative Psychology
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Brain and Behavior
• Walter Cannon
• Karl Lashley
• John Garcia
• Brain and Mind
• Donald Hebb
• The Organization of Behavior
• Brenda Milner
• Roger Sperry
• Nature of Love
• Harry Harlow
• Raising Primates in Isolation
• Ethology: Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 11 Cognitive Psychology
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Early Approaches
• British Psychology
• New Look
• Cognitive Revolution
• George Miller
• Noam Chomsky
• Herbert Simon and Allen Newell
• Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies
• Ecological and Social Approaches
• James Gibson
• Direct Perception
• Ulric Neisser
• Elizabeth Loftus
• Judgment and Decision Making
• Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky
• Prospect Theory
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 12 Social Psychology
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Social Influence
• Muzafer Sherif
• Solomon Asch
• Stanley Milgram
• Social Cognition
• Leon Festinger
• Stanley Schachter
• Elliot Aronson
• Social Perception
• Harold Kelley
• Ellen Berscheid
• Edward Jones
• Social Relations
• Theodore Newcomb
• Robert Zajonc
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 13 Developmental Psychology
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Attachment
• John Bowlby
• Attachment Theory
• Mary Ainsworth
• Attachment Styles
• Strange Situation
• Social Learning
• Robert Sears
• Eleanor Maccoby
• Albert Bandura
• Nature and Nurture
• Eleanor Gibson
• Jerome Kagan
• Social Development
• Roger Brown
• Kenneth and Mamie Clark
• Martha Bernal
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 14 Personality Psychology
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Trait Approach
• Floyd and Gordon Allport
• Trait Theory
• Dynamic Approach
• Henry Murray
• David McClelland
• Factor Approach
• London School
• Raymond Cattell
• Hans Eysenck
• Big Five
• Social Cognitive Approach
• Julian Rotter
• Walter Mischel
• Person Versus Situation Debate
• Bonnie Strickland
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 15 Humanistic Psychology
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Carl Rogers
• Otto Rank and Jessie Taft
• Client-Centered Therapy
• Humanistic Psychology
• Abraham Maslow
• Hierarchy of Needs
• Self-Actualization
• Third Force
• Charlotte Bühler
• Human Development
• Erik Erikson
• Lawrence Kohlberg
• Carol Gilligan
• Positive Psychology
• Martin Seligman
• Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
• Science of Happiness
• Carol Dweck
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Chapter 16 Neuroscience
• Timeline
• Learning Objectives
• Looking Back
• Behavioral Neuroscience
• Richard Thompson
• In Search of the Engram
• James Olds and Peter Milner
• Mark Rosenzweig
• Cognitive Neuroscience
• Endel Tulving
• Michael Posner
• Patricia Goldman-Rakic
• Michael Gazzaniga
• Affective Neuroscience
• Richard Lazarus
• Jaak Panksepp
• Joseph LeDoux
• Antonio Damasio
• Neuroscience: The Future or the End of Psychology?
• Unifying Theory
• Reductionism
• Levels of Analysis
• Consilience
• Looking Ahead
• Chapter Summary
• Discussion Questions
• On the Web
• Concept Glossary
• Person Glossary
• References
• Author Index
• Subject Index