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• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Chapter 1 Getting Started
• 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO JAVA
• Origins of the Java Language
• Objects and Methods
• Applets
• A Sample Java Application Program
• Byte-Code and the Java Virtual Machine
• Class Loader
• Compiling a Java Program or Class
• Running a Java Program
• TIP: Error Messages
• 1.2 EXPRESSIONS AND ASSIGNMENT STATEMENTS
• Identifiers
• Variables
• Assignment Statements
• TIP: Initialize Variables
• More Assignment Statements
• Assignment Compatibility
• Constants
• Arithmetic Operators and Expressions
• Parentheses and Precedence Rules
• Integer and Floating-Point Division
• PITFALL: Round-Off Errors in Floating-Point Numbers
• PITFALL: Division with Whole Numbers
• Type Casting
• Increment and Decrement Operators
• 1.3 THE CLASS STRING
• String Constants and Variables
• Concatenation of Strings
• Classes
• String Methods
• Escape Sequences
• String Processing
• The Unicode Character Set
• 1.4 PROGRAM STYLE
• Naming Constants
• Java Spelling Conventions
• Comments
• Indenting
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 2 Console Input and Output
• 2.1 SCREEN OUTPUT
• System.out.println
• TIP: Different Approaches to Formatting Output
• Formatting Output with printf
• TIP: Formatting Monetary Amounts with printf
• TIP: Legacy Code
• Money Formats Using NumberFormat
• Importing Packages and Classes
• The DecimalFormat Class
• 2.2 CONSOLE INPUT USING THE SCANNER CLASS
• The Scanner Class
• PITFALL: Dealing with the Line Terminator, ‘n’
• The Empty String
• TIP: Prompt for Input
• TIP: Echo Input
• Example: Self-Service Checkout
• Other Input Delimiters
• 2.3 INTRODUCTION TO FILE INPUT
• The Scanner Class for Text File Input
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 3 Flow of Control
• 3.1 BRANCHING MECHANISM
• if-else Statements
• Omitting the else
• Compound Statements
• TIP: Placing of Braces
• Nested Statements
• Multiway if-else Statement
• Example: State Income Tax
• The switch Statement
• PITFALL: Forgetting a break in a switch Statement
• The Conditional Operator
• 3.2 BOOLEAN EXPRESSIONS
• Simple Boolean Expressions
• PITFALL: Using = in Place of ==
• PITFALL: Using == with Strings
• Lexicographic and Alphabetic Order
• Building Boolean Expressions
• PITFALL: Strings of Inequalities
• Evaluating Boolean Expressions
• TIP: Naming Boolean Variables
• Short-Circuit and Complete Evaluation
• Precedence and Associativity Rules
• 3.3 LOOPS
• while Statement and do-while Statement
• Algorithms and Pseudocode
• Example: Averaging a List of Scores
• The for Statement
• The Comma in for Statements
• TIP: Repeat N Times Loops
• PITFALL: Extra Semicolon in a for Statement
• PITFALL: Infinite Loops
• Nested Loops
• The break and continue Statements
• The exit Statement
• 3.4 DEBUGGING
• Loop Bugs
• Tracing Variables
• General Debugging Techniques
• Example: Debugging an Input Validation Loop
• Preventive Coding
• Assertion Checks
• 3.5 RANDOM NUMBER GENERATION
• The Random Object
• The Math.random() Method
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 4 Defining Classes I
• 4.1 CLASS DEFINITIONS
• Instance Variables and Methods
• More about Methods
• TIP: Any Method Can Be Used as a void Method
• Local Variables
• Blocks
• TIP: Declaring Variables in a for Statement
• Parameters of a Primitive Type
• PITFALL: Use of the Terms “Parameter” and “Argument”
• Simple Cases with Class Parameters
• The this Parameter
• Methods That Return a Boolean Value
• The Methods equals and toString
• Recursive Methods
• TIP: Testing Methods
• 4.2 INFORMATION HIDING AND ENCAPSULATION
• public and private Modifiers
• Example: Yet Another Date Class
• Accessor and Mutator Methods
• TIP: A Class Has Access to Private Members of All Objects of the Class
• TIP: Mutator Methods Can Return a Boolean Value
• Preconditions and Postconditions
• 4.3 OVERLOADING
• Rules for Overloading
• PITFALL: Overloading and Automatic Type Conversion
• PITFALL: You Cannot Overload Based on the Type Returned
• 4.4 CONSTRUCTORS
• Constructor Definitions
• TIP: You Can Invoke Another Method in a Constructor
• TIP: A Constructor Has a this Parameter
• TIP: Include a No-Argument Constructor
• Example: The Final Date Class
• Default Variable Initializations
• An Alternative Way to Initialize Instance Variables
• Example: A Pet Record Class
• The StringTokenizer Class
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 5 Defining Classes II
• 5.1 STATIC METHODS AND STATIC VARIABLES
• Static Methods
• PITFALL: Invoking a Nonstatic Method Within a Static Method
• TIP: You Can Put a main in Any Class
• Static Variables
• The Math Class
• Wrapper Classes
• Automatic Boxing and Unboxing
• Static Methods in Wrapper Classes
• PITFALL: A Wrapper Class Does Not Have a No-Argument Constructor
• 5.2 REFERENCES AND CLASS PARAMETERS
• Variables and Memory
• References
• Class Parameters
• PITFALL: Use of = and == with Variables of a Class Type
• The Constant null
• PITFALL: Null Pointer Exception
• The new Operator and Anonymous Objects
• Example: Another Approach to Keyboard Input
• TIP: Use Static Imports
• 5.3 USING AND MISUSING REFERENCES
• Example: A Person Class
• PITFALL: null Can Be an Argument to a Method
• Copy Constructors
• PITFALL: Privacy Leaks
• Mutable and Immutable Classes
• Tip: Deep Copy versus Shallow Copy
• TIP: Assume Your Coworkers Are Malicious
• 5.4 PACKAGES AND JAVADOC
• Packages and import Statements
• The Package java.lang
• Package Names and Directories
• PITFALL: Subdirectories Are Not Automatically Imported
• The Default Package
• PITFALL: Not Including the Current Directory in Your Class Path
• Specifying a Class Path When You Compile
• Name Clashes
• Introduction to javadoc
• Commenting Classes for javadoc
• Running javadoc
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 6 Arrays
• 6.1 INTRODUCTION TO ARRAYS
• Creating and Accessing Arrays
• The length Instance Variable
• TIP: Use for Loops with Arrays
• PITFALL: Array Indices Always Start with Zero
• PITFALL: Array Index Out of Bounds
• Initializing Arrays
• PITFALL: An Array of Characters Is Not a String
• 6.2 ARRAYS AND REFERENCES
• Arrays Are Objects
• PITFALL: Arrays with a Class Base Type
• Array Parameters
• PITFALL: Use of = and == with Arrays
• Arguments for the Method main
• Methods that Return an Array
• 6.3 PROGRAMMING WITH ARRAYS
• Partially Filled Arrays
• Example: A Class for Partially Filled Arrays
• TIP: Accessor Methods Need Not Simply Return Instance Variables
• The “for-each” Loop
• Methods with a Variable Number of Parameters
• Example: A String Processing Example
• Privacy Leaks with Array Instance Variables
• Example: Sorting an Array
• Enumerated Types
• TIP: Enumerated Types in switch Statements
• 6.4 MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
• Multidimensional Array Basics
• Using the length Instance Variable
• Ragged Arrays
• Multidimensional Array Parameters and Returned Values
• Example: A Grade Book Class
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 7 Inheritance
• 7.1 INHERITANCE BASICS
• Derived Classes
• Overriding a Method Definition
• Changing the Return Type of an Overridden Method
• Changing the Access Permission of an Overridden Method
• PITFALL: Overriding versus Overloading
• The super Constructor
• The this Constructor
• TIP: An Object of a Derived Class Has More than One Type
• PITFALL: The Terms Subclass and Superclass
• Example: An Enhanced StringTokenizer Class
• 7.2 ENCAPSULATION AND INHERITANCE
• PITFALL: Use of Private Instance Variables from the Base Class
• PITFALL: Private Methods Are Effectively Not Inherited
• Protected and Package Access
• PITFALL: Forgetting about the Default Package
• PITFALL: A Restriction on Protected Access
• 7.3 PROGRAMMING WITH INHERITANCE
• TIP: Static Variables Are Inherited
• TIP: “is a” versus “has a”
• Access to a Redefined Base Method
• PITFALL: You Cannot Use Multiple supers
• The Class Object
• The Right Way to Define equals
• TIP: getClass versus instanceof
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 8 Polymorphism and Abstract Classes
• 8.1 POLYMORPHISM
• Late Binding
• The final Modifier
• Example: Sales Records
• Late Binding with toString
• PITFALL: No Late Binding for Static Methods
• Downcasting and Upcasting
• PITFALL: Downcasting
• TIP: Checking to See Whether Downcasting Is Legitimate
• A First Look at the clone Method
• PITFALL: Sometimes the clone Method Return Type Is Object
• PITFALL: Limitations of Copy Constructors
• 8.2 ABSTRACT CLASSES
• Abstract Classes
• PITFALL: You Cannot Create Instances of an Abstract Class
• TIP: An Abstract Class Is a Type
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 9 Exception Handling
• 9.1 EXCEPTION HANDLING BASICS
• try-catch Mechanism
• Exception Handling with the Scanner Class
• TIP: Exception Controlled Loops
• Throwing Exceptions
• EXAMPLE: A Toy Example of Exception Handling
• Exception Classes
• Exception Classes from Standard Packages
• Defining Exception Classes
• TIP: Preserve getMessage
• TIP: An Exception Class Can Carry a Message of Any Type
• Multiple catch Blocks
• PITFALL: Catch the More Specific Exception First
• 9.2 THROWING EXCEPTIONS IN METHODS
• Throwing an Exception in a Method
• Declaring Exceptions in a throws Clause
• Exceptions to the Catch or Declare Rule
• throws Clause in Derived Classes
• When to Use Exceptions
• Example: Retrieving a High Score
• Event-Driven Programming
• 9.3 MORE PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES FOR EXCEPTION HANDLING
• PITFALL: Nested try-catch Blocks
• The finally Block
• Rethrowing an Exception
• The AssertionError Class
• ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 10 File I/O
• 10.1 INTRODUCTION TO FILE I/O
• Streams
• Text Files and Binary Files
• 10.2 TEXT FILES
• Writing to a Text File
• PITFALL: A try Block Is a Block
• PITFALL: Overwriting an Output File
• Appending to a Text File
• TIP: toString Helps with Text File Output
• Reading from a Text File
• Reading a Text File Using Scanner
• Testing for the End of a Text File with Scanner
• Reading a Text File Using BufferedReader
• TIP: Reading Numbers with BufferedReader
• Testing for the End of a Text File with BufferedReader
• Path Names
• Nested Constructor Invocations
• System.in, System.out, and System.err
• 10.3 THE FILE CLASS
• Programming with the File Class
• 10.4 BINARY FILES
• Writing Simple Data to a Binary File
• UTF and writeUTF
• Reading Simple Data from a Binary File
• Checking for the End of a Binary File
• PITFALL: Checking for the End of a File in the Wrong Way
• Binary I/O of Objects
• The Serializable Interface
• PITFALL: Mixing Class Types in the Same File
• Array Objects in Binary Files
• 10.5 RANDOM ACCESS TO BINARY FILES
• Reading and Writing to the Same File
• PITFALL: RandomAccessFile Need Not Start Empty
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 11 Recursion
• 11.1 RECURSIVE VOID METHODS
• Example: Vertical Numbers
• Tracing a Recursive Call
• A Closer Look at Recursion
• PITFALL: Infinite Recursion
• Stacks for Recursion
• PITFALL: Stack Overflow
• Recursion versus Iteration
• 11.2 RECURSIVE METHODS THAT RETURN A VALUE
• General Form for a Recursive Method That Returns a Value
• Example: Another Powers Method
• 11.3 THINKING RECURSIVELY
• Recursive Design Techniques
• Binary Search
• Efficiency of Binary Search
• Example: Finding a File
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 12 UML and Patterns
• 12.1 UML
• History of UML
• UML Class Diagrams
• Class Interactions
• Inheritance Diagrams
• More UML
• 12.2 PATTERNS
• Adaptor Pattern
• The Model-View-Controller Pattern
• EXAMPLE: A Sorting Pattern
• Restrictions on the Sorting Pattern
• Efficiency of the Sorting Pattern
• TIP: Pragmatics and Patterns
• Pattern Formalism
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 13 Interfaces and Inner Classes
• 13.1 INTERFACES
• Interfaces
• Abstract Classes Implementing Interfaces
• Derived Interfaces
• PITFALL: Interface Semantics Are Not Enforced
• The Comparable Interface
• Example: Using the Comparable Interface
• Defined Constants in Interfaces
• PITFALL: Inconsistent Interfaces
• The Serializable Interface
• The Cloneable Interface
• 13.2 SIMPLE USES OF INNER CLASSES
• Helping Classes
• TIP: Inner and Outer Classes Have Access to Each Other’s Private Members
• Example: A Bank Account Class
• The .class File for an Inner Class
• PITFALL: Other Uses of Inner Classes
• 13.3 MORE ABOUT INNER CLASSES
• Static Inner Classes
• Public Inner Classes
• TIP: Referring to a Method of the Outer Class
• Nesting Inner Classes
• Inner Classes and Inheritance
• Anonymous Classes
• TIP: Why Use Inner Classes?
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 14 Generics and the ArrayList Class
• 14.1 THE ARRAYLIST CLASS
• Using the ArrayList Class
• TIP: Summary of Adding to an ArrayList
• Methods in the Class ArrayList
• The “for-each” Loop
• Example: Golf Scores
• TIP: Use trimToSize to Save Memory
• PITFALL: The clone Method Makes a Shallow Copy
• The Vector Class
• Parameterized Classes and Generics
• PITFALL: Nonparameterized ArrayList and Vector Classes
• 14.2 GENERICS
• Generic Basics
• TIP: Compile with the -Xlint Option
• Example: A Generic Class for Ordered Pairs
• PITFALL: A Generic Constructor Name Has No Type Parameter
• PITFALL: You Cannot Plug in a Primitive Type for a Type Parameter
• PITFALL: A Type Parameter Cannot Be Used Everywhere a Type Name Can Be Used
• PITFALL: An Instantiation of a Generic Class Cannot be an Array Base Type
• TIP: A Class Definition Can Have More Than One Type Parameter
• PITFALL: A Generic Class Cannot Be an Exception Class
• Bounds for Type Parameters
• TIP: Generic Interfaces
• Generic Methods
• Inheritance with Generic Classes
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 15 Linked Data Structures
• 15.1 JAVA LINKED LISTS
• Example: A Simple Linked List Class
• Working with Linked Lists
• PITFALL: Privacy Leaks
• Node Inner Classes
• Example: A Generic Linked List
• PITFALL: Using Node Instead of Node
• The equals Method for Linked Lists
• 15.2 COPY CONSTRUCTORS AND THE CLONE METHOD
• Simple Copy Constructors and clone Methods
• Exceptions
• PITFALL: The clone Method Is Protected in object
• TIP: Use a Type Parameter Bound for a Better clone
• Example: A Linked List with a Deep Copy clone Method
• TIP: Cloning Is an “All or Nothing” Affair
• 15.3 ITERATORS
• Defining an Iterator Class
• Adding and Deleting Nodes
• 15.4 VARIATIONS ON A LINKED LIST
• Doubly Linked List
• The Stack Data Structure
• The Queue Data Structure
• Running Times and Big-O Notation
• Efficiency of Linked Lists
• 15.5 HASH TABLES WITH CHAINING
• A Hash Function for Strings
• Efficiency of Hash Tables
• 15.6 SETS
• Fundamental Set Operations
• Efficiency of Sets Using Linked Lists
• 15.7 TREES
• Tree Properties
• Example: A Binary Search Tree Class
• Efficiency of Binary Search Trees
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 16 Collections, Maps and Iterators
• 16.1 COLLECTIONS
• Wildcards
• The Collection Framework
• PITFALL: Optional Operations
• TIP: Dealing with All Those Exceptions
• Concrete Collection Classes
• Differences between ArrayList and Vector
• Nonparameterized Version of the Collection Framework
• PITFALL: Omitting the
• 16.2 MAPS
• Concrete Map Classes
• 16.3 ITERATORS
• The Iterator Concept
• The Iterator Interface
• TIP: For-Each Loops as Iterators
• List Iterators
• PITFALL: next Can Return a Reference
• TIP: Defining Your Own Iterator Classes
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 17 Swing I
• 17.1 EVENT-DRIVEN PROGRAMMING
• Events and Listeners
• 17.2 BUTTONS, EVENTS, AND OTHER SWING BASICS
• Example: A Simple Window
• PITFALL: Forgetting to Program the Close-Window Button
• Buttons
• Action Listeners and Action Events
• PITFALL: Changing the Heading for actionPerformed
• TIP: Ending a Swing Program
• Example: A Better Version of Our First Swing GUI
• Labels
• Color
• Example: A GUI with a Label and Color
• 17.3 CONTAINERS AND LAYOUT MANAGERS
• Border Layout Managers
• Flow Layout Managers
• Grid Layout Managers
• Panels
• Example: A Tricolor Built with Panels
• The Container Class
• TIP: Code a GUI’s Look and Actions Separately
• The Model-View-Controller Pattern
• 17.4 MENUS AND BUTTONS
• Example: A GUI with a Menu
• Menus, Menu Items, and Menu Bars
• Nested Menus
• The AbstractButton Class
• The setActionCommand Method
• Listeners as Inner Classes
• 17.5 TEXT FIELDS AND TEXT AREAS
• Text Areas and Text Fields
• TIP: Labeling a Text Field
• TIP: Inputting and Outputting Numbers
• A Swing Calculator
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 18 Swing II
• 18.1 WINDOW LISTENERS
• Example: A Window Listener Inner Class
• The dispose Method
• PITFALL: Forgetting to Invoke setDefaultCloseOperation
• The WindowAdapter Class
• 18.2 ICONS AND SCROLL BARS
• Icons
• Scroll Bars
• Example: Components with Changing Visibility
• 18.3 THE GRAPHICS CLASS
• Coordinate System for Graphics Objects
• The Method paint and the Class Graphics
• Drawing Ovals
• Drawing Arcs
• Rounded Rectangles
• paintComponent for Panels
• Action Drawings and repaint
• Some More Details on Updating a GUI
• 18.4 COLORS
• Specifying a Drawing Color
• Defining Colors
• PITFALL: Using doubles to Define a Color
• The JColorChooser Dialog Window
• 18.5 Fonts and the drawString Method
• The drawString Method
• Fonts
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Chapter 19 Java Never Ends
• 19.1 MULTITHREADING
• Example: A Nonresponsive GUI
• Thread.sleep
• The getGraphics Method
• Fixing a Nonresponsive Program Using Threads
• Example: A Multithreaded Program
• The Class Thread
• The Runnable Interface
• Race Conditions and Thread Synchronization
• 19.2 NETWORKING WITH STREAM SOCKETS
• Sockets
• Sockets and Threading
• The URL Class
• 19.3 JAVA BEANS
• The Component Model
• The JavaBeans Model
• 19.4 JAVA AND DATABASE CONNECTIONS
• Relational Databases
• Java DB and JDBC
• SQL
• 19.5 WEB PROGRAMMING WITH JAVA SERVER PAGES
• Applets, Servlets, and Java Server Pages
• Oracle GlassFish Enterprise Server
• HTML Forms—the Common Gateway Interface
• JSP Declarations, Expressions, Scriptlets, and Directives
• 19.6 INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING IN JAVA 8
• 19.7 INTRODUCTION TO JAVA FX
• Chapter Summary
• Answers to Self-Test Exercises
• Programming Projects
• Appendix 1 Keywords
• Appendix 2 Precedence and Associativity Rules
• Appendix 3 ASCII Character Set
• Appendix 4 Format Specifications for printf
• Appendix 5 Summary of Classes and Interfaces
• Index
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