Efnisyfirlit

• Front Matter
• Didication
• Great nursing care begins with great resources …: now and throughout your career!
• Davis’s Notes and Essential Pocket References
• Preface
• Contributors
• Reviewers
• Acknowledgments
• unit I The Healthy Older Adult
• chapter 1 Changes With Aging
• FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
• PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES WITH AGING
• LABORATORY VALUES IN OLDER ADULTS
• PHARMACOKINETIC/PHARMACODYNAMIC CHANGES
• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Elimination
• Pharmacodynamics
• PRESENTING FEATURES OF ILLNESS/DISEASE IN THE ELDERLY
• CHRONIC ILLNESS AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY
• SUMMARY
• REFERENCES
• chapter 2 Health Promotion
• FIGURE 2-1. Ideal analytic framework.
• PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND TERTIARY PREVENTION
• HEALTHY LIFESTYLE COUNSELING
• Physical Activity
• Nutrition
• Safety
• Sexual Behavior
• Dental Health
• Substance Use
• SCREENING AND PREVENTION
• IMMUNIZATIONS
• TABLE 2-1 2012 Adult Immunization Schedule for Older Adults
• TRAVEL AND LEISURE
• Travel Health and Nursing
• The Older Traveler
• Preparing the Elder in a Primary Care Setting for Travel
• CURRENT MEDICAL STATUS
• MEDICATIONS AND ALLERGIES
• DIET
• MENTAL STATUS
• IMMUNIZATION STATUS
• TABLE 2-2 Adult Vaccinations for Travel
• Assessing the Destination and Itinerary
• SAFETY
• FOOD- AND WATER-BORNE ILLNESSES
• INSECT-BORNE DISEASES
• Motion Sickness
• Jet Lag
• Heat and Humidity
• Altitude Illness
• Respiratory Infections
• Sexually Transmitted Infections
• Fitness for Travel
• TABLE 2-3 Online Resources for Travel Health
• SUMMARY
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Travel and Leisure
• chapter 3 Exercise in Older Adults
• AVAILABLE RESOURCES
• BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO EXERCISE FOR OLDER ADULTS
• Patient Barriers
• Patient Facilitators
• Medical Contraindications for Exercise Therapy (Chodzko-Zajko et al., 2007)
• PLAN FOR INCORPORATING EXERCISE INTO PATIENT ENCOUNTER
• KEY GUIDELINES FOR SAFE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (PHYSICAL ACTIVITY GUIDELINES ADVISORY COMMITTEE, 2008)
• Examples of Common Health Conditions in Older Adults With Exercise Recommendations
• SUMMARY
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• unit II Assessment
• chapter 4 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
• PHYSICAL HEALTH
• TABLE 4-1 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
• Observation
• Interviewing
• Examination
• Measurements
• TABLE 4-2 Sample Focused Geriatric Physical Examination
• Diagnostics
• Nutritional Assessment
• FIGURE 4-1. MyPlate for Older Adults.
• Medication Assessment
• TABLE 4-3 Medication Appropriateness Index Criteria
• FUNCTIONAL HEALTH
• TABLE 4-4 Selected Elements of Functional Independence/Dependence
• PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH
• SOCIOENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORTS
• QUALITY OF LIFE MEASURES
• SUMMARY
• REFERENCES
• chapter 5 Symptoms and Syndromes
• ASSESSMENT
• BOWEL INCONTINENCE
• CHEST PAIN
• CONSTIPATION
• COUGH
• DEHYDRATION
• TABLE 5-1 Types of Dehydration
• DELIRIUM
• DIARRHEA
• TABLE 5-2 Types of Diarrhea
• DIZZINESS
• DYSPHAGIA
• FALLS
• FATIGUE
• HEADACHE
• HEMATURIA
• HEMOPTYSIS
• INVOLUNTARY WEIGHT LOSS
• TABLE 5-3 Drugs That May Cause Weight Loss
• TABLE 5-4 Standard Screening Tests
• TABLE 5-5 Meals-on-Wheels Mnemonic for Causes of Weight Loss in the Elderly
• Appetite Questionnaire to Predict Weight Loss in Older Persons—SNAQ (Simplified Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire)
• JOINT PAIN
• PERIPHERAL EDEMA
• TABLE 5-6 Common Causes of Peripheral Edema
• PRURITUS
• SYNCOPE
• TREMOR
• URINARY INCONTINENCE
• WANDERING
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Assessment
• Bowel Incontinence
• Chest Pain
• Constipation
• Cough
• Dehydration
• Delirium
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• Dysphagia
• Falls
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Hematuria
• Hemoptysis
• Involuntary Weight Loss
• Joint Pain
• Peripheral Edema
• Pruritus
• Syncope
• Tremor
• Urinary Incontinence
• Wandering
• unit III Treating Disorders
• chapter 6 Skin and Lymphatic Disorders
• ASSESSMENT
• Changes With Aging
• Evaluation of Skin and Lymphatics
• Guidelines for Prescribing Topical Medications
• BURNS
• TABLE 6-1 Classification of Burns
• FIGURE 6-1. Estimated total body surface area using the rule of nines.
• TABLE 6-2 Lund and Browder Estimate of TBSA, Age vs. Area
• TABLE 6-3 American Burn Association Transfer Criteria
• TABLE 6-4 Topical Agents and Dressings for Burn Wounds
• FIGURE 6-2. Required elements of burn injury.
• CELLULITIS
• CORNS AND CALLUSES
• HERPES ZOSTER
• PRESSURE ULCERS
• PSORIASIS
• TABLE 6-5 Topical Treatment for Psoriasis
• SKIN CANCER
• SUPERFICIAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS
• TABLE 6-6 Topical Treatment for Superficial Fungal Infections
• TABLE 6-7 Systemic Treatment for Superficial Fungal Infections
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Assessment
• Burns
• Cellulitis
• Corns and Calluses
• Herpes Zoster
• Pressure Ulcers
• Psoriasis
• Skin Cancer
• Superficial Fungal Infections
• chapter 7 Head, Neck, and Face Disorders
• ASSESSMENT
• Eyes
• Sinuses
• Nose
• Ears
• Oral Cavity
• Neck
• ACUTE GLAUCOMA
• CATARACT
• CHRONIC GLAUCOMA (PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA)
• TABLE 7-1 Glaucoma Drugs
• EPISTAXIS
• HEARING LOSS
• HORDEOLUM AND CHALAZION
• AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
• ORAL CANCER
• RETINOPATHY
• RHINITIS
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Assessment of the Head, Neck, and Face
• Acute Glaucoma
• Cataracts
• Chronic Glaucoma
• Epistaxis
• Hearing Loss
• Hordeolum and Chalazion
• Age-related Macular Degeneration
• Oral Cancer
• Retinopathy
• Rhinitis
• chapter 8 Chest Disorders
• ASSESSMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
• Blood Pressure
• Cholesterol
• Smoking
• Physiological Changes
• Symptom Assessment
• CLINICAL EXAMINATION FEATURES
• ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• ASTHMA
• FIGURE 8-1. Classifying asthma severity and initiating treatment in youths ≥12 years of age and adults. FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity.
• FIGURE 8-2. Assessing asthma control and adjusting therapy in youths ≥12 years of age and adults. EIB, exercise-induced bronchospasm.
• FIGURE 8-3. Stepwise approach for managing asthma in youths ≥12 years of age and adults. EIB, exercise-induced bronchospasm; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting inhaled beta-2 agonist; LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist; SABA, inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist.
• CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
• CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
• TABLE 8-1 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Post-Bronchodilator FEV1 Classification of Severity of Airflow Limitation
• HEART FAILURE
• Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure
• HYPERTENSION
• TABLE 8-2 JNC 7 Classification of Blood Pressure
• ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
• LUNG CANCER
• MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
• PNEUMONIA
• TABLE 8-3 CURB-65 Criteria for Evaluation of Pneumonia Severity and Treatment Site
• PULMONARY EMBOLISM
• PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
• Basic Tuberculosis Disease Treatment Regimens
• RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
• UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
• VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Assessment of the Cardiac and Respiratory Systems
• Asthma
• Cardiac Arrhythmias
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Heart Failure
• Hypertension
• Ischemic Heart Disease
• Lung Cancer
• Myocardial Infarction
• Pneumonia
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Pulmonary Tuberculosis
• Restrictive Lung Disease
• Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
• Valvular Heart Disease
• chapter 9 Peripheral Vascular Disorders
• ASSESSMENT
• ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM
• CHRONIC LYMPHEDEMA
• PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
• VENOUS DISEASE (CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY)
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• chapter 10 Abdominal Disorders
• ASSESSMENT
• Gathering the Abdominal History
• Abdominal Pain
• Inspection
• Auscultation
• Percussion
• Palpation
• ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
• BLADDER CANCER
• BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
• CHOLECYSTITIS
• CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
• CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER
• CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
• COLORECTAL CANCER
• TABLE 10-1 American Cancer Society Guidelines on Screening and Surveillance for the Early Detection of Colorectal Adenomas and Cancer—Women and Men at Increased Risk or at High Risk
• CYSTITIS
• DIVERTICULITIS
• ESOPHAGITIS
• GASTRIC CANCER
• GASTRITIS
• TABLE 10-2 Helicobacter pylori Regimens
• GASTROENTERITIS
• GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
• TABLE 10-3 Pharmacological Recommendations for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• HERNIA
• IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
• TABLE 10-4 Rome III Criteria for the Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• LIVER CANCER
• NEPHROLITHIASIS
• NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
• PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Assessment
• Acute Kidney Injury
• Bladder Cancer
• Bowel Obstruction
• Cholecystitis
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Cirrhosis of the Liver
• Clostridium Difficile
• Colorectal Cancer
• Cystitis
• Diverticulitis
• Esophagitis
• Gastric Cancer
• Gastritis
• Gastroenteritis
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• Hernia
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Liver Cancer
• Nephrolithiasis
• Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
• Peptic Ulcer Disease
• chapter 11 Urological and Gynecological Disorders
• ASSESSMENT
• ATROPHIC VAGINITIS
• Atrophic Vaginitis Diagnostic Tests
• BREAST CANCER
• ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
• OVARIAN CANCER
• BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY)
• DRUG-INDUCED IMPOTENCE
• PROSTATE CANCER
• PROSTATITIS
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Assessment
• Atrophic Vaginitis
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy)
• Breast Cancer
• Drug-Induced Impotence
• Endometrial Cancer
• Ovarian Cancer
• Prostate Cancer
• Prostatitis
• chapter 12 Musculoskeletal Disorders
• ASSESSMENT
• Pain or Stiffness
• Weakness and Paralysis
• Deformity
• GAIT
• STANDING ERECT
• RANGE OF MOTION
• JOINT PAIN
• MUSCLE WEAKNESS
• BURSITIS, TENDINITIS, SOFT TISSUE SYNDROMES
• FRACTURES
• GOUT
• HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
• OSTEOARTHRITIS
• POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA
• RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Assessment
• Bursitis, Tendinitis, Soft Tissue Syndromes
• Fractures
• Gout
• Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
• Osteoarthritis
• Polymyalgia Rheumatica
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• chapter 13 Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
• ASSESSMENT
• Cranial Nerve Function
• CRANIAL NERVE I (OLFACTORY)
• CRANIAL NERVE II (OPTIC)
• CRANIAL NERVES III, IV, AND VI (OCULOMOTOR, TROCHLEAR, AND ABDUCENS)
• CRANIAL NERVE V (TRIGEMINAL)
• CRANIAL NERVE VII (FACIAL)
• CRANIAL NERVE VIII (ACOUSTIC)
• CRANIAL NERVES IX AND X (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL AND VAGUS)
• CRANIAL NERVE XI (SPINAL ACCESSORY)
• CRANIAL NERVE XII (HYPOGLOSSAL)
• Motor Function
• Sensory Function
• Reflexes
• Abnormal or Involuntary Movements
• BRAIN TUMOR
• PARKINSON’S DISEASE
• PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
• TABLE 13-1 Pharmacological Agents for Neuropathic Pain
• RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME
• BOX 13-1 Essential Diagnostic Criteria for Restless Legs Syndrome
• SEIZURE DISORDERS
• TABLE 13-2 Generalized Seizures—Consciousness Is Impaired and There Are Symptoms of Motor Dysfunction Involving Both Sides of the Brain
• TABLE 13-3 Partial Seizures*
• TABLE 13-4 Major Anticonvulsants
• STROKE
• BOX 13-2 Standardized, Validated Instruments for Assessment of Stroke Survivors
• TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Assessment
• Brain Tumor
• Parkinson’s Disease
• Peripheral Neuropathy
• Restless Legs Syndrome
• Seizure Disorders
• Stroke
• Transient Ischemic Attack
• chapter 14 Endocrine, Metabolic, and Nutritional Disorders
• ASSESSMENT
• Recognition of Endocrine, Metabolic, and Nutritional Disorders
• Approach to the Physical Examination
• Medication Review
• ACUTE PANCREATITIS
• CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
• DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPES 1 AND 2
• TABLE 14-1 Comparison of HbAIC to Glucose
• TABLE 14-2 Insulin Types—Onset, Peak, Duration of Action, and Typical Use
• FAILURE TO THRIVE
• HYPERLIPIDEMIA
• TABLE 14-3 ATP III LDL-Lowering Therapies Based on RF and Baseline LDL
• TABLE 14-4 ATP III LDL-Lowering Therapies Based on RF and Baseline LDL
• TABLE 14-5 ATP III LDL-Lowering Therapies Based on RF and Baseline LDL
• TABLE 14-6 ATP III LDL-Lowering Therapies Based on RF and Baseline LDL
• HYPERTHYROIDISM
• HYPOTHYROIDISM
• MALNUTRITION
• TABLE 14-7 Scales Protocol for Evaluation Risk of Malnutrition in the Elderly
• OBESITY
• BOX 14-1 Body Mass Index
• OSTEOPOROSIS
• TABLE 14-8 Calcium Treatment
• TABLE 14-9 Pharmaceutical Prevention and Treatment
• PANCREATIC CANCER
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Assessment
• Acute Pancreatitis
• Chronic Pancreatitis
• Diabetes Mellitus, Types 1 and 2
• Failure to Thrive
• Hyperlipidemia
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
• Malnutrition
• Obesity
• Osteoporosis
• Pancreatic Cancer
• chapter 15 Hematological and Immune System Disorders
• ASSESSMENT
• Physical Examination and Diagnostics
• Immunological Assessment
• ANEMIA OF CHRONIC DISEASE
• TABLE 15-1 Laboratory Data in ACD and IDA
• ANEMIA, IRON DEFICIENCY
• HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
• BOX 15-1 HIV Resources
• IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA)
• LEUKEMIAS
• ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL)
• TABLE 15-2 Long Term Effect From Cancer Therapy
• ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML)
• TABLE 15-3 Prognostic Categories Based on Karyotype in AML
• CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL)
• CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML)
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Anemia of Chronic Disease
• Anemia, Iron Deficiency
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)
• Leukemias
• chapter 16 Psychosocial Disorders
• ASSESSMENT
• Psychological Health
• Socioenvironmental Tools
• Internet Home Safety Resources for Older Adults
• AGITATION
• TABLE 16-1 Psychotropic Drug Management for Agitation
• TABLE 16-2 Behavioral Interventions for Agitation
• ALCOHOL ABUSE
• TABLE 16-3 Potential Laboratory Test Alterations With Alcohol Abuse
• ANXIETY
• BIPOLAR DISORDER
• DELIRIUM
• DEMENTIA
• TABLE 16-4 Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease and Associated Symptoms
• BOX 16-1 Noncognitive Behavioral Symptoms of Dementia
• TABLE 16-5 Differential Diagnosis of Dementia, Delirium, and Depression
• TABLE 16-6 FDA-Approved Medications for Alzheimer’s Disease
• TABLE 16-7 Managing Agitation: Caregiver Education
• DEPRESSION
• TABLE 16-8 Types of Antidepressant Medication
• TABLE 16-9 Common Side Effects and Potentially Serious/Dangerous Side Effects of Antidepressants
• ELDER ABUSE
• GRIEF AND BEREAVEMENT
• INSOMNIA
• PRESCRIPTION DRUG ABUSE
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• Agitation
• Alcohol Abuse
• Anxiety
• Bipolar Disorder
• Delirium
• Dementia
• Depression
• Elder Abuse
• Grief and Bereavement
• Insomnia
• Prescription Drug Abuse
• unit IV Complex Illness
• chapter 17 Nutritional Support in the Older Adult
• FINANCIAL CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION IN THE ELDERLY
• FACTORS INFLUENCING MALNUTRITION
• TABLE 17-1 Community-Based Nutritional Assistance Programs Benefiting Older Adults
• ORAL FOOD SUPPLEMENTS
• NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS AND THE HOSPITALIZED PATIENT
• TABLE 17-2 Nutritional Comparison of Common Nutritional Supplements
• NUTRITION AND WOUND HEALING
• TABLE 17-3 Comparison of Common Nutritional Supplements Used to Enhance Wound Healing
• ENTERAL NUTRITION IN THE HOSPITALIZED PATIENT
• COMPLICATIONS
• REFEEDING SYNDROME
• NUTRITION IN PALLIATIVE CARE
• ORAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION IN PALLIATIVE CARE
• ENTERAL FEEDING IN PALLIATIVE CARE
• PARENTERAL NUTRITION
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• chapter 18 Chronic Illness and the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)
• DEFINITIONS OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND CHRONIC ILLNESS
• DEMOGRAPHICS OF CHRONIC ILLNESS
• DISABILITY AND DEATH WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS
• COST BURDEN OF CHRONIC DISEASE
• THE CHALLENGE OF MULTIPLE COMORBIDITIES
• Dementia
• Frailty
• Obesity
• EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AND COMPLEX OLDER ADULTS
• Person-Centered Care
• Interprofessional Care
• CHRONIC CARE MODEL OF QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
• FIGURE 18-1. The chronic care model (CCM).
• Self-Management Support
• NEW LEGISLATION AND CHRONIC DISEASE
• Patient-Centered Medical Home
• Primary Care at Home
• Transitional Care
• SUMMARY
• CASE STUDY
• REFERENCES
• chapter 19 Palliative Care and End-of-Life Care
• OVERVIEW OF PALLIATIVE CARE
• BOX 19-1 Five Leading Causes of Death in 2010
• SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT
• DELIRIUM
• DYSPNEA
• PAIN
• THE DYING PATIENT
• GRIEF AND BEREAVEMENT
• CASE STUDY
• appendix 19-1 Putting Evidence into Practice® Card on Dyspnea
• RECOMMENDED FOR PRACTICE
• Immediate-Release Oral or Parenteral Opioids
• LIKELY TO BE EFFECTIVE
• EFFECTIVENESS NOT ESTABLISHED
• Pharmacological
• EXTENDED-RELEASE MORPHINE
• MIDAZOLAM PLUS MORPHINE
• NEBULIZED FENTANYL
• NEBULIZED FUROSEMIDE
• NEBULIZED LIGNOCAINE (LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE)*
• NEBULIZED OPIOIDS†
• SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN
• Nonpharmacological
• ACUPUNCTURE
• COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
• EXPERT OPINION
• REFERENCES
• appendix 19-2 Guideline Recommendations for Pharmacological Management of Persistent Pain in Older Persons
• NONOPIOIDS
• OPIOIDS
• ADJUVANT ANALGESIC DRUGS
• OTHER DRUGS
• REFERENCES
• Back Matter
• appendix A Physiological Influences of the Aging Process
• REFERENCES
• appendix B Laboratory Values in the Older Adult
• REFERENCES
• INDEX