Efnisyfirlit

• An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• 1 Natural Selection, Ecology and Behaviour
• Watching and wondering
• Natural selection
• Genes and behaviour
• Selfish individuals or group advantage?
• Phenotypic plasticity: climate change and breeding times
• Behaviour, ecology and evolution
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 2 Testing Hypotheses in Behavioural Ecology
• The comparative approach
• Breeding behaviour of gulls in relation to predation risk
• Social organization of weaver birds
• Social organization in African ungulates
• Limitations of early comparative studies
• Comparative approach to primate ecology and behaviour
• Using phylogenies in comparative analysis
• The comparative approach reviewed
• Experimental studies of adaptation
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 3 Economic Decisions and the Individual
• The economics of carrying a load
• The economics of prey choice
• Sampling and information
• The risk of starvation
• Environmental variability, body reserves and food storing
• Food storing birds: from behavioural ecology to neuroscience
• The evolution of cognition
• Feeding and danger: a trade-off
• Social learning
• Optimality models and behaviour: an overview
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 4 Predators versus Prey: Evolutionary Arms Races
• Red Queen evolution
• Predators versus cryptic prey
• Enhancing camouflage
• Warning colouration: aposematism
• Mimicry
• Trade-offs in prey defences
• Cuckoos versus hosts
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 5 Competing for Resources
• The Hawk–Dove game
• Competition by exploitation: the ideal free distribution
• Competition by resource defence: the despotic distribution
• The ideal free distribution with unequal competitors
• The economics of resource defence
• Producers and scroungers
• Alternative mating strategies and tactics
• ESS thinking
• Animal personalities
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 6 Living in Groups
• How grouping can reduce predation
• How grouping can improve foraging
• Evolution of group living: shoaling in guppies
• Group size and skew
• Group decision making
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 7 Sexual Selection, Sperm Competition and Sexual Conflict
• Males and females
• Parental investment and sexual competition
• Why do females invest more in offspring care than do males?
• Evidence for sexual selection
• Why are females choosy?
• Genetic benefits from female choice: two hypotheses
• Testing the hypotheses for genetic benefits
• Sexual selection in females and male choice
• Sex differences in competition
• Sperm competition
• Constraints on mate choice and extra-pair matings
• Sexual conflict
• Sexual conflict: who wins?
• Chase-away sexual selection
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 8 Parental Care and Family Conflicts
• Evolution of parental care
• Parental investment: a parent’s optimum
• Varying care in relation to costs and benefits
• Sexual conflict
• Sibling rivalry and parent–offspring conflict: theory
• Sibling rivalry: evidence
• Parent–offspring conflict: evidence
• Brood parasites
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 9 Mating Systems
• Mating systems with no male parental care
• Mating systems with male parental care
• A hierarchical approach to mating system diversity
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 10 Sex Allocation
• Fisher’s theory of equal investment
• Sex allocation when relatives interact
• Sex allocation in variable environments
• Selfish sex ratio distorters
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 11 Social Behaviours: Altruism to Spite
• Kin selection and inclusive fitness
• Hamilton’s rule
• How do individuals recognize kin?
• Kin selection doesn’t need kin discrimination
• Selfish restraint and kin selection
• Spite
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 12 Cooperation
• What is cooperation?
• Free riding and the problem of cooperation
• Solving the problem of cooperation
• Kin selection
• Hidden benefits
• By-product benefit
• Reciprocity
• Enforcement
• A case study – the Seychelles Warbler
• Manipulation
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 13 Altruism and Conflict in the Social Insects
• The social insects
• The life cycle and natural history of a social insect
• The economics of eusociality
• The pathway to eusociality
• The haplodiploidy hypothesis
• The monogamy hypothesis
• The ecological benefits of cooperation
• Conflict within insect societies
• Conflict over the sex ratio in the social hymenoptera
• Worker policing in the social hymenoptera
• Superorganisms
• Comparison of vertebrates with insects
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 14 Communication and Signals
• The types of communication
• The problem of signal reliability
• Indices
• Handicaps
• Common interest
• Human language
• Dishonest signals
• Summary
• Further reading
• Topics for discussion
• 15 Conclusion
• How plausible are our main premises?
• Causal and functional explanations
• A final comment
• Summary
• Further reading
• References
• Index