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• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• Chapter 1. Introduction
• 1.1 Dynamic Meteorology
• 1.2 Conservation of Momentum
• 1.3 Noninertial Reference Frames and “Apparent” Forces
• 1.4 Structure of the Static Atmosphere
• 1.5 Kinematics
• 1.6 Scale Analysis
• Suggested References
• Chapter 2. Basic Conservation Laws
• 2.1 Total Differentiation
• 2.2 The Vectorial Form of the Momentum Equation in Rotating Coordinates
• 2.3 Component Equations in Spherical Coordinates
• 2.4 Scale Analysis of the Equations of Motion
• 2.5 The Continuity Equation
• 2.6 The Thermodynamic Energy Equation
• 2.7 Thermodynamics of the Dry Atmosphere
• 2.8 The Boussinesq Approximation
• 2.9 Thermodynamics of the Moist Atmosphere
• Suggested References
• Chapter 3. Elementary Applications of the Basic Equations
• 3.1 Basic Equations in Isobaric Coordinates
• 3.2 Balanced Flow
• 3.3 Trajectories and Streamlines
• 3.4 The Thermal Wind
• 3.5 Vertical Motion
• 3.6 Surface Pressure Tendency
• Chapter 4. Circulation, Vorticity, and Potential Vorticity
• 4.1 The Circulation Theorem
• 4.2 Vorticity
• 4.3 The Vorticity Equation
• 4.4 Potential Vorticity
• 4.5 Shallow Water Equations
• 4.6 Ertel Potential Vorticity in Isentropic Coordinates
• Suggested References
• Chapter 5. Atmospheric Oscillations: Linear Perturbation Theory
• 5.1 The Perturbation Method
• 5.2 Properties of Waves
• 5.3 Simple Wave Types
• 5.4 Internal Gravity (Buoyancy) Waves
• 5.5 Linear Waves of A Rotating Stratified Atmosphere
• 5.6 Adjustment to Geostrophic Balance
• 5.7 Rossby Waves
• Suggested References
• Chapter 6. Quasi-geostrophic Analysis
• 6.1 The Observed Structure of Extratropical Circulations
• 6.2 Derivation of the Quasi-Geostrophic Equations
• 6.3 Potential vorticity derivation of the QG equations
• 6.4 Potential Vorticity Thinking
• 6.5 Vertical Motion (w) Thinking
• 6.6 Idealized Model of a Baroclinic Disturbance
• 6.7 Isobaric Form of the QG Equations
• Suggested References
• Chapter 7. Baroclinic Development
• 7.1 Hydrodynamic Instability
• 7.2 Normal Mode Baroclinic Instability: A Two-Layer Model
• 7.3 The Energetics of Baroclinic Waves
• 7.4 Baroclinic Instability of a Continuously Stratified Atmosphere
• 7.5 Growth and Propagation of Neutral Modes
• Suggested References
• Chapter 8. The Planetary Boundary Layer
• 8.1 Atmospheric Turbulence
• 8.2 Turbulent Kinetic Energy
• 8.3 Planetary Boundary Layer Momentum Equations
• 8.4 Secondary Circulations and Spin Down
• Suggested References
• Chapter 9. Mesoscale Circulations
• 9.1 Energy Sources for Mesoscale Circulations
• 9.2 Fronts and Frontogenesis
• 9.3 Symmetric Baroclinic Instability
• 9.4 Mountain Waves
• 9.5 Cumulus Convection
• 9.6 Convective Storms
• 9.7 Hurricanes
• Suggested References
• Chapter 10. The General Circulation
• 10.1 The Nature of the Problem
• 10.2 The Zonally Averaged Circulation
• 10.3 The Angular Momentum Budget
• 10.4 The Lorenz Energy Cycle
• 10.5 Longitudinally Dependent Time-Averaged Flow
• 10.6 Low-Frequency Variability
• 10.7 Numerical Simulation of the General Circulation
• 10.8 Climate Sensitivity, Feedbacks, and Uncertainty
• Suggested References
• Chapter 11. Tropical Dynamics
• 11.1 The Observed Structure of Large-Scale Tropical Circulations
• 11.2 Scale Analysis of Large-Scale Tropical Motions
• 11.3 Condensation Heating
• 11.4 Equatorial Wave Theory
• 11.5 Steady Forced Equatorial Motions
• Suggested References
• Chapter 12. Middle Atmosphere Dynamics
• 12.1 Structure and Circulation of the Middle Atmosphere
• 12.2 The Zonal-Mean Circulation of the Middle Atmosphere
• 12.3 Vertically Propagating Planetary Waves
• 12.4 Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
• 12.5 Waves in the Equatorial Stratosphere
• 12.6 The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
• 12.7 Trace Constituent Transport
• Suggested References
• Chapter 13. Numerical Modeling and Prediction
• 13.1 Historical Background
• 13.2 Numerical Approximation of the Equations of Motion
• 13.3 The Barotropic Vorticity Equation in Finite Differences
• 13.4 The Spectral Method
• 13.5 Primitive Equation Models
• 13.6 Data Assimilation
• 13.7 Predictability and Ensemble Forecasting
• Suggested References
• Appendix A: Useful Constants and Parameters
• Appendix B: List of Symbols
• Appendix C: Vector Analysis
• C.1 Vector Identities
• C.2 Integral Theorems
• C.3 Vector Operations in Various Coordinate Systems
• Appendix D: Moisture Variables
• D.1 Equivalent Potential Temperature
• D.2 Pseudoadiabatic Lapse Rate
• Appendix E: Standard Atmosphere Data
• Appendix F: Symmetric Baroclinic Oscillations
• Appendix G: Conditional Probability and Likelihood
• Index